This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.

Return to the regular view of this page.

Gardener

The core component providing the extension API server of your Kubernetes cluster

Gardener

Gardener Logo

CI Build status Slack channel #gardener Go Report Card GoDoc CII Best Practices

Gardener implements the automated management and operation of Kubernetes clusters as a service and provides a fully validated extensibility framework that can be adjusted to any programmatic cloud or infrastructure provider.

Gardener is 100% Kubernetes-native and exposes its own Cluster API to create homogeneous clusters on all supported infrastructures. This API differs from SIG Cluster Lifecycle’s Cluster API that only harmonizes how to get to clusters, while Gardener’s Cluster API goes one step further and also harmonizes the make-up of the clusters themselves. That means, Gardener gives you homogeneous clusters with exactly the same bill of material, configuration and behavior on all supported infrastructures, which you can see further down below in the section on our K8s Conformance Test Coverage.

In 2020, SIG Cluster Lifecycle’s Cluster API made a huge step forward with v1alpha3 and the newly added support for declarative control plane management. This made it possible to integrate managed services like GKE or Gardener. We would be more than happy, if the community would be interested, to contribute a Gardener control plane provider. For more information on the relation between Gardener API and SIG Cluster Lifecycle’s Cluster API, please see here.

Gardener’s main principle is to leverage Kubernetes concepts for all of its tasks.

In essence, Gardener is an extension API server that comes along with a bundle of custom controllers. It introduces new API objects in an existing Kubernetes cluster (which is called garden cluster) in order to use them for the management of end-user Kubernetes clusters (which are called shoot clusters). These shoot clusters are described via declarative cluster specifications which are observed by the controllers. They will bring up the clusters, reconcile their state, perform automated updates and make sure they are always up and running.

To accomplish these tasks reliably and to offer a high quality of service, Gardener controls the main components of a Kubernetes cluster (etcd, API server, controller manager, scheduler). These so-called control plane components are hosted in Kubernetes clusters themselves (which are called seed clusters). This is the main difference compared to many other OSS cluster provisioning tools: The shoot clusters do not have dedicated master VMs. Instead, the control plane is deployed as a native Kubernetes workload into the seeds (the architecture is commonly referred to as kubeception or inception design). This does not only effectively reduce the total cost of ownership but also allows easier implementations for “day-2 operations” (like cluster updates or robustness) by relying on all the mature Kubernetes features and capabilities.

Gardener reuses the identical Kubernetes design to span a scalable multi-cloud and multi-cluster landscape. Such familiarity with known concepts has proven to quickly ease the initial learning curve and accelerate developer productivity:

  • Kubernetes API Server = Gardener API Server
  • Kubernetes Controller Manager = Gardener Controller Manager
  • Kubernetes Scheduler = Gardener Scheduler
  • Kubelet = Gardenlet
  • Node = Seed cluster
  • Pod = Shoot cluster

Please find more information regarding the concepts and a detailed description of the architecture in our Gardener Wiki and our blog posts on kubernetes.io: Gardener - the Kubernetes Botanist (17.5.2018) and Gardener Project Update (2.12.2019).


K8s Conformance Test Coverage certified kubernetes logo

Gardener takes part in the Certified Kubernetes Conformance Program to attest its compatibility with the K8s conformance testsuite. Currently Gardener is certified for K8s versions up to v1.26, see the conformance spreadsheet.

Continuous conformance test results of the latest stable Gardener release are uploaded regularly to the CNCF test grid:

Provider/K8sv1.27v1.26v1.25v1.24v1.23v1.22v1.21v1.20
AWSN/AGardener v1.26 Conformance TestsGardener v1.25 Conformance TestsGardener v1.24 Conformance TestsGardener v1.23 Conformance TestsGardener v1.22 Conformance TestsGardener v1.21 Conformance TestsGardener v1.20 Conformance Tests
AzureN/AGardener v1.26 Conformance TestsGardener v1.25 Conformance TestsGardener v1.24 Conformance TestsGardener v1.23 Conformance TestsGardener v1.22 Conformance TestsGardener v1.21 Conformance TestsGardener v1.20 Conformance Tests
GCPN/AGardener v1.26 Conformance TestsGardener v1.25 Conformance TestsGardener v1.24 Conformance TestsGardener v1.23 Conformance TestsGardener v1.22 Conformance TestsGardener v1.21 Conformance TestsGardener v1.20 Conformance Tests
OpenStackN/AGardener v1.26 Conformance TestsGardener v1.25 Conformance TestsGardener v1.24 Conformance TestsGardener v1.23 Conformance TestsGardener v1.22 Conformance TestsGardener v1.21 Conformance TestsGardener v1.20 Conformance Tests
AlicloudN/AGardener v1.26 Conformance TestsGardener v1.25 Conformance TestsGardener v1.24 Conformance TestsGardener v1.23 Conformance TestsGardener v1.22 Conformance TestsGardener v1.21 Conformance TestsGardener v1.20 Conformance Tests
Equinix MetalN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
vSphereN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A

Get an overview of the test results at testgrid.

Start using or developing the Gardener locally

See our documentation in the /docs repository, please find the index here.

Setting up your own Gardener landscape in the Cloud

The quickest way to test drive Gardener is to install it virtually onto an existing Kubernetes cluster, just like you would install any other Kubernetes-ready application. You can do this with our Gardener Helm Chart.

Alternatively you can use our garden setup project to create a fully configured Gardener landscape which also includes our Gardener Dashboard.

Feedback and Support

Feedback and contributions are always welcome!

All channels for getting in touch or learning about our project are listed under the community section. We are cordially inviting interested parties to join our bi-weekly meetings.

Please report bugs or suggestions about our Kubernetes clusters as such or the Gardener itself as GitHub issues or join our Slack channel #gardener (please invite yourself to the Kubernetes workspace here).

Learn More!

Please find further resources about our project here:

1.1 - Authentication

Packages:

authentication.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1

Package v1alpha1 is a version of the API.

Resource Types:

AdminKubeconfigRequest

AdminKubeconfigRequest can be used to request a kubeconfig with admin credentials for a Shoot cluster.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
authentication.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
AdminKubeconfigRequest
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
AdminKubeconfigRequestSpec

Spec is the specification of the AdminKubeconfigRequest.



expirationSeconds
int64
(Optional)

ExpirationSeconds is the requested validity duration of the credential. The credential issuer may return a credential with a different validity duration so a client needs to check the ‘expirationTimestamp’ field in a response. Defaults to 1 hour.

status
AdminKubeconfigRequestStatus

Status is the status of the AdminKubeconfigRequest.

AdminKubeconfigRequestSpec

(Appears on: AdminKubeconfigRequest)

AdminKubeconfigRequestSpec contains the expiration time of the kubeconfig.

FieldDescription
expirationSeconds
int64
(Optional)

ExpirationSeconds is the requested validity duration of the credential. The credential issuer may return a credential with a different validity duration so a client needs to check the ‘expirationTimestamp’ field in a response. Defaults to 1 hour.

AdminKubeconfigRequestStatus

(Appears on: AdminKubeconfigRequest)

AdminKubeconfigRequestStatus is the status of the AdminKubeconfigRequest containing the kubeconfig and expiration of the credential.

FieldDescription
kubeconfig
[]byte

Kubeconfig contains the kubeconfig with cluster-admin privileges for the shoot cluster.

expirationTimestamp
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time

ExpirationTimestamp is the expiration timestamp of the returned credential.


Generated with gen-crd-api-reference-docs

1.2 - Core

Packages:

core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1

Package v1beta1 is a version of the API.

Resource Types:

BackupBucket

BackupBucket holds details about backup bucket

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
BackupBucket
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
BackupBucketSpec

Specification of the Backup Bucket.



provider
BackupBucketProvider

Provider holds the details of cloud provider of the object store. This field is immutable.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the configuration passed to BackupBucket resource.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the credentials to access object store.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName holds the name of the seed allocated to BackupBucket for running controller. This field is immutable.

status
BackupBucketStatus

Most recently observed status of the Backup Bucket.

BackupEntry

BackupEntry holds details about shoot backup.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
BackupEntry
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
BackupEntrySpec
(Optional)

Spec contains the specification of the Backup Entry.



bucketName
string

BucketName is the name of backup bucket for this Backup Entry.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName holds the name of the seed to which this BackupEntry is scheduled

status
BackupEntryStatus
(Optional)

Status contains the most recently observed status of the Backup Entry.

CloudProfile

CloudProfile represents certain properties about a provider environment.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
CloudProfile
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional)

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
CloudProfileSpec
(Optional)

Spec defines the provider environment properties.



caBundle
string
(Optional)

CABundle is a certificate bundle which will be installed onto every host machine of shoot cluster targeting this profile.

kubernetes
KubernetesSettings

Kubernetes contains constraints regarding allowed values of the ‘kubernetes’ block in the Shoot specification.

machineImages
[]MachineImage

MachineImages contains constraints regarding allowed values for machine images in the Shoot specification.

machineTypes
[]MachineType

MachineTypes contains constraints regarding allowed values for machine types in the ‘workers’ block in the Shoot specification.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig contains provider-specific configuration for the profile.

regions
[]Region

Regions contains constraints regarding allowed values for regions and zones.

seedSelector
SeedSelector
(Optional)

SeedSelector contains an optional list of labels on Seed resources that marks those seeds whose shoots may use this provider profile. An empty list means that all seeds of the same provider type are supported. This is useful for environments that are of the same type (like openstack) but may have different “instances”/landscapes. Optionally a list of possible providers can be added to enable cross-provider scheduling. By default, the provider type of the seed must match the shoot’s provider.

type
string

Type is the name of the provider.

volumeTypes
[]VolumeType
(Optional)

VolumeTypes contains constraints regarding allowed values for volume types in the ‘workers’ block in the Shoot specification.

ControllerDeployment

ControllerDeployment contains information about how this controller is deployed.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
ControllerDeployment
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
type
string

Type is the deployment type.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension

ProviderConfig contains type-specific configuration. It contains assets that deploy the controller.

ControllerInstallation

ControllerInstallation represents an installation request for an external controller.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
ControllerInstallation
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ControllerInstallationSpec

Spec contains the specification of this installation. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



registrationRef
Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference

RegistrationRef is used to reference a ControllerRegistration resource. The name field of the RegistrationRef is immutable.

seedRef
Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference

SeedRef is used to reference a Seed resource. The name field of the SeedRef is immutable.

deploymentRef
Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference
(Optional)

DeploymentRef is used to reference a ControllerDeployment resource.

status
ControllerInstallationStatus

Status contains the status of this installation.

ControllerRegistration

ControllerRegistration represents a registration of an external controller.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
ControllerRegistration
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ControllerRegistrationSpec

Spec contains the specification of this registration. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



resources
[]ControllerResource
(Optional)

Resources is a list of combinations of kinds (DNSProvider, Infrastructure, Generic, …) and their actual types (aws-route53, gcp, auditlog, …).

deployment
ControllerRegistrationDeployment
(Optional)

Deployment contains information for how this controller is deployed.

ExposureClass

ExposureClass represents a control plane endpoint exposure strategy.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
ExposureClass
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional)

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
handler
string

Handler is the name of the handler which applies the control plane endpoint exposure strategy. This field is immutable.

scheduling
ExposureClassScheduling
(Optional)

Scheduling holds information how to select applicable Seed’s for ExposureClass usage. This field is immutable.

Project

Project holds certain properties about a Gardener project.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
Project
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional)

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ProjectSpec
(Optional)

Spec defines the project properties.



createdBy
Kubernetes rbac/v1.Subject
(Optional)

CreatedBy is a subject representing a user name, an email address, or any other identifier of a user who created the project. This field is immutable.

description
string
(Optional)

Description is a human-readable description of what the project is used for.

owner
Kubernetes rbac/v1.Subject
(Optional)

Owner is a subject representing a user name, an email address, or any other identifier of a user owning the project. IMPORTANT: Be aware that this field will be removed in the v1 version of this API in favor of the owner role. The only way to change the owner will be by moving the owner role. In this API version the only way to change the owner is to use this field. TODO: Remove this field in favor of the owner role in v1.

purpose
string
(Optional)

Purpose is a human-readable explanation of the project’s purpose.

members
[]ProjectMember
(Optional)

Members is a list of subjects representing a user name, an email address, or any other identifier of a user, group, or service account that has a certain role.

namespace
string
(Optional)

Namespace is the name of the namespace that has been created for the Project object. A nil value means that Gardener will determine the name of the namespace. This field is immutable.

tolerations
ProjectTolerations
(Optional)

Tolerations contains the tolerations for taints on seed clusters.

status
ProjectStatus
(Optional)

Most recently observed status of the Project.

Quota

Quota represents a quota on resources consumed by shoot clusters either per project or per provider secret.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
Quota
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional)

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
QuotaSpec
(Optional)

Spec defines the Quota constraints.



clusterLifetimeDays
int32
(Optional)

ClusterLifetimeDays is the lifetime of a Shoot cluster in days before it will be terminated automatically.

metrics
Kubernetes core/v1.ResourceList

Metrics is a list of resources which will be put under constraints.

scope
Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference

Scope is the scope of the Quota object, either ‘project’ or ‘secret’. This field is immutable.

SecretBinding

SecretBinding represents a binding to a secret in the same or another namespace.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
SecretBinding
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional)

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret object in the same or another namespace. This field is immutable.

quotas
[]Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference
(Optional)

Quotas is a list of references to Quota objects in the same or another namespace. This field is immutable.

provider
SecretBindingProvider
(Optional)

Provider defines the provider type of the SecretBinding. This field is immutable.

Seed

Seed represents an installation request for an external controller.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
Seed
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
SeedSpec

Spec contains the specification of this installation.



backup
SeedBackup
(Optional)

Backup holds the object store configuration for the backups of shoot (currently only etcd). If it is not specified, then there won’t be any backups taken for shoots associated with this seed. If backup field is present in seed, then backups of the etcd from shoot control plane will be stored under the configured object store.

dns
SeedDNS

DNS contains DNS-relevant information about this seed cluster.

networks
SeedNetworks

Networks defines the pod, service and worker network of the Seed cluster.

provider
SeedProvider

Provider defines the provider type and region for this Seed cluster.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference
(Optional)

SecretRef is a reference to a Secret object containing the Kubeconfig of the Kubernetes cluster to be registered as Seed.

taints
[]SeedTaint
(Optional)

Taints describes taints on the seed.

volume
SeedVolume
(Optional)

Volume contains settings for persistentvolumes created in the seed cluster.

settings
SeedSettings
(Optional)

Settings contains certain settings for this seed cluster.

ingress
Ingress
(Optional)

Ingress configures Ingress specific settings of the Seed cluster. This field is immutable.

status
SeedStatus

Status contains the status of this installation.

Shoot

Shoot represents a Shoot cluster created and managed by Gardener.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
Shoot
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional)

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ShootSpec
(Optional)

Specification of the Shoot cluster. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



addons
Addons
(Optional)

Addons contains information about enabled/disabled addons and their configuration.

cloudProfileName
string

CloudProfileName is a name of a CloudProfile object. This field is immutable.

dns
DNS
(Optional)

DNS contains information about the DNS settings of the Shoot.

extensions
[]Extension
(Optional)

Extensions contain type and provider information for Shoot extensions.

hibernation
Hibernation
(Optional)

Hibernation contains information whether the Shoot is suspended or not.

kubernetes
Kubernetes

Kubernetes contains the version and configuration settings of the control plane components.

networking
Networking
(Optional)

Networking contains information about cluster networking such as CNI Plugin type, CIDRs, …etc.

maintenance
Maintenance
(Optional)

Maintenance contains information about the time window for maintenance operations and which operations should be performed.

monitoring
Monitoring
(Optional)

Monitoring contains information about custom monitoring configurations for the shoot.

provider
Provider

Provider contains all provider-specific and provider-relevant information.

purpose
ShootPurpose
(Optional)

Purpose is the purpose class for this cluster.

region
string

Region is a name of a region. This field is immutable.

secretBindingName
string
(Optional)

SecretBindingName is the name of the a SecretBinding that has a reference to the provider secret. The credentials inside the provider secret will be used to create the shoot in the respective account. This field is immutable.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName is the name of the seed cluster that runs the control plane of the Shoot. This field is immutable when the SeedChange feature gate is disabled.

seedSelector
SeedSelector
(Optional)

SeedSelector is an optional selector which must match a seed’s labels for the shoot to be scheduled on that seed.

resources
[]NamedResourceReference
(Optional)

Resources holds a list of named resource references that can be referred to in extension configs by their names.

tolerations
[]Toleration
(Optional)

Tolerations contains the tolerations for taints on seed clusters.

exposureClassName
string
(Optional)

ExposureClassName is the optional name of an exposure class to apply a control plane endpoint exposure strategy. This field is immutable.

systemComponents
SystemComponents
(Optional)

SystemComponents contains the settings of system components in the control or data plane of the Shoot cluster.

controlPlane
ControlPlane
(Optional)

ControlPlane contains general settings for the control plane of the shoot.

status
ShootStatus
(Optional)

Most recently observed status of the Shoot cluster.

ShootState

ShootState contains a snapshot of the Shoot’s state required to migrate the Shoot’s control plane to a new Seed.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1
kind
string
ShootState
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional)

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ShootStateSpec
(Optional)

Specification of the ShootState.



gardener
[]GardenerResourceData
(Optional)

Gardener holds the data required to generate resources deployed by the gardenlet

extensions
[]ExtensionResourceState
(Optional)

Extensions holds the state of custom resources reconciled by extension controllers in the seed

resources
[]ResourceData
(Optional)

Resources holds the data of resources referred to by extension controller states

Addon

(Appears on: KubernetesDashboard, NginxIngress)

Addon allows enabling or disabling a specific addon and is used to derive from.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled indicates whether the addon is enabled or not.

Addons

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

Addons is a collection of configuration for specific addons which are managed by the Gardener.

FieldDescription
kubernetesDashboard
KubernetesDashboard
(Optional)

KubernetesDashboard holds configuration settings for the kubernetes dashboard addon.

nginxIngress
NginxIngress
(Optional)

NginxIngress holds configuration settings for the nginx-ingress addon.

AdmissionPlugin

(Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

AdmissionPlugin contains information about a specific admission plugin and its corresponding configuration.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the name of the plugin.

config
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

Config is the configuration of the plugin.

disabled
bool
(Optional)

Disabled specifies whether this plugin should be disabled.

kubeconfigSecretName
string
(Optional)

KubeconfigSecretName specifies the name of a secret containing the kubeconfig for this admission plugin.

Alerting

(Appears on: Monitoring)

Alerting contains information about how alerting will be done (i.e. who will receive alerts and how).

FieldDescription
emailReceivers
[]string
(Optional)

MonitoringEmailReceivers is a list of recipients for alerts

AuditConfig

(Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

AuditConfig contains settings for audit of the api server

FieldDescription
auditPolicy
AuditPolicy
(Optional)

AuditPolicy contains configuration settings for audit policy of the kube-apiserver.

AuditPolicy

(Appears on: AuditConfig)

AuditPolicy contains audit policy for kube-apiserver

FieldDescription
configMapRef
Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference
(Optional)

ConfigMapRef is a reference to a ConfigMap object in the same namespace, which contains the audit policy for the kube-apiserver.

AvailabilityZone

(Appears on: Region)

AvailabilityZone is an availability zone.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is an availability zone name.

unavailableMachineTypes
[]string
(Optional)

UnavailableMachineTypes is a list of machine type names that are not availability in this zone.

unavailableVolumeTypes
[]string
(Optional)

UnavailableVolumeTypes is a list of volume type names that are not availability in this zone.

BackupBucketProvider

(Appears on: BackupBucketSpec)

BackupBucketProvider holds the details of cloud provider of the object store.

FieldDescription
type
string

Type is the type of provider.

region
string

Region is the region of the bucket.

BackupBucketSpec

(Appears on: BackupBucket)

BackupBucketSpec is the specification of a Backup Bucket.

FieldDescription
provider
BackupBucketProvider

Provider holds the details of cloud provider of the object store. This field is immutable.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the configuration passed to BackupBucket resource.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the credentials to access object store.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName holds the name of the seed allocated to BackupBucket for running controller. This field is immutable.

BackupBucketStatus

(Appears on: BackupBucket)

BackupBucketStatus holds the most recently observed status of the Backup Bucket.

FieldDescription
providerStatus
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderStatus is the configuration passed to BackupBucket resource.

lastOperation
LastOperation
(Optional)

LastOperation holds information about the last operation on the BackupBucket.

lastError
LastError
(Optional)

LastError holds information about the last occurred error during an operation.

observedGeneration
int64
(Optional)

ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this BackupBucket. It corresponds to the BackupBucket’s generation, which is updated on mutation by the API Server.

generatedSecretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference
(Optional)

GeneratedSecretRef is reference to the secret generated by backup bucket, which will have object store specific credentials.

BackupEntrySpec

(Appears on: BackupEntry)

BackupEntrySpec is the specification of a Backup Entry.

FieldDescription
bucketName
string

BucketName is the name of backup bucket for this Backup Entry.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName holds the name of the seed to which this BackupEntry is scheduled

BackupEntryStatus

(Appears on: BackupEntry)

BackupEntryStatus holds the most recently observed status of the Backup Entry.

FieldDescription
lastOperation
LastOperation
(Optional)

LastOperation holds information about the last operation on the BackupEntry.

lastError
LastError
(Optional)

LastError holds information about the last occurred error during an operation.

observedGeneration
int64
(Optional)

ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this BackupEntry. It corresponds to the BackupEntry’s generation, which is updated on mutation by the API Server.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName is the name of the seed to which this BackupEntry is currently scheduled. This field is populated at the beginning of a create/reconcile operation. It is used when moving the BackupEntry between seeds.

migrationStartTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

MigrationStartTime is the time when a migration to a different seed was initiated.

CARotation

(Appears on: ShootCredentialsRotation)

CARotation contains information about the certificate authority credential rotation.

FieldDescription
phase
CredentialsRotationPhase

Phase describes the phase of the certificate authority credential rotation.

lastCompletionTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastCompletionTime is the most recent time when the certificate authority credential rotation was successfully completed.

lastInitiationTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastInitiationTime is the most recent time when the certificate authority credential rotation was initiated.

lastInitiationFinishedTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastInitiationFinishedTime is the recent time when the certificate authority credential rotation initiation was completed.

lastCompletionTriggeredTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastCompletionTriggeredTime is the recent time when the certificate authority credential rotation completion was triggered.

CRI

(Appears on: MachineImageVersion, Worker)

CRI contains information about the Container Runtimes.

FieldDescription
name
CRIName

The name of the CRI library. Supported values are docker and containerd.

containerRuntimes
[]ContainerRuntime
(Optional)

ContainerRuntimes is the list of the required container runtimes supported for a worker pool.

CRIName (string alias)

(Appears on: CRI)

CRIName is a type alias for the CRI name string.

CloudProfileSpec

(Appears on: CloudProfile)

CloudProfileSpec is the specification of a CloudProfile. It must contain exactly one of its defined keys.

FieldDescription
caBundle
string
(Optional)

CABundle is a certificate bundle which will be installed onto every host machine of shoot cluster targeting this profile.

kubernetes
KubernetesSettings

Kubernetes contains constraints regarding allowed values of the ‘kubernetes’ block in the Shoot specification.

machineImages
[]MachineImage

MachineImages contains constraints regarding allowed values for machine images in the Shoot specification.

machineTypes
[]MachineType

MachineTypes contains constraints regarding allowed values for machine types in the ‘workers’ block in the Shoot specification.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig contains provider-specific configuration for the profile.

regions
[]Region

Regions contains constraints regarding allowed values for regions and zones.

seedSelector
SeedSelector
(Optional)

SeedSelector contains an optional list of labels on Seed resources that marks those seeds whose shoots may use this provider profile. An empty list means that all seeds of the same provider type are supported. This is useful for environments that are of the same type (like openstack) but may have different “instances”/landscapes. Optionally a list of possible providers can be added to enable cross-provider scheduling. By default, the provider type of the seed must match the shoot’s provider.

type
string

Type is the name of the provider.

volumeTypes
[]VolumeType
(Optional)

VolumeTypes contains constraints regarding allowed values for volume types in the ‘workers’ block in the Shoot specification.

ClusterAutoscaler

(Appears on: Kubernetes)

ClusterAutoscaler contains the configuration flags for the Kubernetes cluster autoscaler.

FieldDescription
scaleDownDelayAfterAdd
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

ScaleDownDelayAfterAdd defines how long after scale up that scale down evaluation resumes (default: 1 hour).

scaleDownDelayAfterDelete
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

ScaleDownDelayAfterDelete how long after node deletion that scale down evaluation resumes, defaults to scanInterval (default: 0 secs).

scaleDownDelayAfterFailure
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

ScaleDownDelayAfterFailure how long after scale down failure that scale down evaluation resumes (default: 3 mins).

scaleDownUnneededTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

ScaleDownUnneededTime defines how long a node should be unneeded before it is eligible for scale down (default: 30 mins).

scaleDownUtilizationThreshold
float64
(Optional)

ScaleDownUtilizationThreshold defines the threshold in fraction (0.0 - 1.0) under which a node is being removed (default: 0.5).

scanInterval
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

ScanInterval how often cluster is reevaluated for scale up or down (default: 10 secs).

expander
ExpanderMode
(Optional)

Expander defines the algorithm to use during scale up (default: least-waste). See: https://github.com/gardener/autoscaler/blob/machine-controller-manager-provider/cluster-autoscaler/FAQ.md#what-are-expanders.

maxNodeProvisionTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

MaxNodeProvisionTime defines how long CA waits for node to be provisioned (default: 20 mins).

maxGracefulTerminationSeconds
int32
(Optional)

MaxGracefulTerminationSeconds is the number of seconds CA waits for pod termination when trying to scale down a node (default: 600).

ignoreTaints
[]string
(Optional)

IgnoreTaints specifies a list of taint keys to ignore in node templates when considering to scale a node group.

Condition

(Appears on: ControllerInstallationStatus, SeedStatus, ShootStatus)

Condition holds the information about the state of a resource.

FieldDescription
type
ConditionType

Type of the condition.

status
ConditionStatus

Status of the condition, one of True, False, Unknown.

lastTransitionTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time

Last time the condition transitioned from one status to another.

lastUpdateTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time

Last time the condition was updated.

reason
string

The reason for the condition’s last transition.

message
string

A human readable message indicating details about the transition.

codes
[]ErrorCode
(Optional)

Well-defined error codes in case the condition reports a problem.

ConditionStatus (string alias)

(Appears on: Condition)

ConditionStatus is the status of a condition.

ConditionType (string alias)

(Appears on: Condition)

ConditionType is a string alias.

ContainerRuntime

(Appears on: CRI)

ContainerRuntime contains information about worker’s available container runtime

FieldDescription
type
string

Type is the type of the Container Runtime.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the configuration passed to container runtime resource.

ControlPlane

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

ControlPlane holds information about the general settings for the control plane of a shoot.

FieldDescription
highAvailability
HighAvailability
(Optional)

HighAvailability holds the configuration settings for high availability of the control plane of a shoot.

ControllerDeploymentPolicy (string alias)

(Appears on: ControllerRegistrationDeployment)

ControllerDeploymentPolicy is a string alias.

ControllerInstallationSpec

(Appears on: ControllerInstallation)

ControllerInstallationSpec is the specification of a ControllerInstallation.

FieldDescription
registrationRef
Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference

RegistrationRef is used to reference a ControllerRegistration resource. The name field of the RegistrationRef is immutable.

seedRef
Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference

SeedRef is used to reference a Seed resource. The name field of the SeedRef is immutable.

deploymentRef
Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference
(Optional)

DeploymentRef is used to reference a ControllerDeployment resource.

ControllerInstallationStatus

(Appears on: ControllerInstallation)

ControllerInstallationStatus is the status of a ControllerInstallation.

FieldDescription
conditions
[]Condition
(Optional)

Conditions represents the latest available observations of a ControllerInstallations’s current state.

providerStatus
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderStatus contains type-specific status.

ControllerRegistrationDeployment

(Appears on: ControllerRegistrationSpec)

ControllerRegistrationDeployment contains information for how this controller is deployed.

FieldDescription
policy
ControllerDeploymentPolicy
(Optional)

Policy controls how the controller is deployed. It defaults to ‘OnDemand’.

seedSelector
Kubernetes meta/v1.LabelSelector
(Optional)

SeedSelector contains an optional label selector for seeds. Only if the labels match then this controller will be considered for a deployment. An empty list means that all seeds are selected.

deploymentRefs
[]DeploymentRef
(Optional)

DeploymentRefs holds references to ControllerDeployments. Only one element is support now.

ControllerRegistrationSpec

(Appears on: ControllerRegistration)

ControllerRegistrationSpec is the specification of a ControllerRegistration.

FieldDescription
resources
[]ControllerResource
(Optional)

Resources is a list of combinations of kinds (DNSProvider, Infrastructure, Generic, …) and their actual types (aws-route53, gcp, auditlog, …).

deployment
ControllerRegistrationDeployment
(Optional)

Deployment contains information for how this controller is deployed.

ControllerResource

(Appears on: ControllerRegistrationSpec)

ControllerResource is a combination of a kind (DNSProvider, Infrastructure, Generic, …) and the actual type for this kind (aws-route53, gcp, auditlog, …).

FieldDescription
kind
string

Kind is the resource kind, for example “OperatingSystemConfig”.

type
string

Type is the resource type, for example “coreos” or “ubuntu”.

globallyEnabled
bool
(Optional)

GloballyEnabled determines if this ControllerResource is required by all Shoot clusters. This field is defaulted to false when kind is “Extension”.

reconcileTimeout
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

ReconcileTimeout defines how long Gardener should wait for the resource reconciliation. This field is defaulted to 3m0s when kind is “Extension”.

primary
bool
(Optional)

Primary determines if the controller backed by this ControllerRegistration is responsible for the extension resource’s lifecycle. This field defaults to true. There must be exactly one primary controller for this kind/type combination. This field is immutable.

lifecycle
ControllerResourceLifecycle
(Optional)

Lifecycle defines a strategy that determines when different operations on a ControllerResource should be performed. This field is defaulted in the following way when kind is “Extension”. Reconcile: “AfterKubeAPIServer” Delete: “BeforeKubeAPIServer” Migrate: “BeforeKubeAPIServer”

workerlessSupported
bool
(Optional)

WorkerlessSupported specifies whether this ControllerResource supports Workerless Shoot clusters. This field is only relevant when kind is “Extension”.

ControllerResourceLifecycle

(Appears on: ControllerResource)

ControllerResourceLifecycle defines the lifecycle of a controller resource.

FieldDescription
reconcile
ControllerResourceLifecycleStrategy
(Optional)

Reconcile defines the strategy during reconciliation.

delete
ControllerResourceLifecycleStrategy
(Optional)

Delete defines the strategy during deletion.

migrate
ControllerResourceLifecycleStrategy
(Optional)

Migrate defines the strategy during migration.

ControllerResourceLifecycleStrategy (string alias)

(Appears on: ControllerResourceLifecycle)

ControllerResourceLifecycleStrategy is a string alias.

CoreDNS

(Appears on: SystemComponents)

CoreDNS contains the settings of the Core DNS components running in the data plane of the Shoot cluster.

FieldDescription
autoscaling
CoreDNSAutoscaling
(Optional)

Autoscaling contains the settings related to autoscaling of the Core DNS components running in the data plane of the Shoot cluster.

rewriting
CoreDNSRewriting
(Optional)

Rewriting contains the setting related to rewriting of requests, which are obviously incorrect due to the unnecessary application of the search path.

CoreDNSAutoscaling

(Appears on: CoreDNS)

CoreDNSAutoscaling contains the settings related to autoscaling of the Core DNS components running in the data plane of the Shoot cluster.

FieldDescription
mode
CoreDNSAutoscalingMode

The mode of the autoscaling to be used for the Core DNS components running in the data plane of the Shoot cluster. Supported values are horizontal and cluster-proportional.

CoreDNSAutoscalingMode (string alias)

(Appears on: CoreDNSAutoscaling)

CoreDNSAutoscalingMode is a type alias for the Core DNS autoscaling mode string.

CoreDNSRewriting

(Appears on: CoreDNS)

CoreDNSRewriting contains the setting related to rewriting requests, which are obviously incorrect due to the unnecessary application of the search path.

FieldDescription
commonSuffixes
[]string
(Optional)

CommonSuffixes are expected to be the suffix of a fully qualified domain name. Each suffix should contain at least one or two dots (‘.’) to prevent accidental clashes.

CredentialsRotationPhase (string alias)

(Appears on: CARotation, ETCDEncryptionKeyRotation, ServiceAccountKeyRotation)

CredentialsRotationPhase is a string alias.

DNS

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

DNS holds information about the provider, the hosted zone id and the domain.

FieldDescription
domain
string
(Optional)

Domain is the external available domain of the Shoot cluster. This domain will be written into the kubeconfig that is handed out to end-users. This field is immutable.

providers
[]DNSProvider
(Optional)

Providers is a list of DNS providers that shall be enabled for this shoot cluster. Only relevant if not a default domain is used.

DNSIncludeExclude

(Appears on: DNSProvider)

DNSIncludeExclude contains information about which domains shall be included/excluded.

FieldDescription
include
[]string
(Optional)

Include is a list of domains that shall be included.

exclude
[]string
(Optional)

Exclude is a list of domains that shall be excluded.

DNSProvider

(Appears on: DNS)

DNSProvider contains information about a DNS provider.

FieldDescription
domains
DNSIncludeExclude
(Optional)

Domains contains information about which domains shall be included/excluded for this provider.

primary
bool
(Optional)

Primary indicates that this DNSProvider is used for shoot related domains.

secretName
string
(Optional)

SecretName is a name of a secret containing credentials for the stated domain and the provider. When not specified, the Gardener will use the cloud provider credentials referenced by the Shoot and try to find respective credentials there (primary provider only). Specifying this field may override this behavior, i.e. forcing the Gardener to only look into the given secret.

type
string
(Optional)

Type is the DNS provider type.

zones
DNSIncludeExclude
(Optional)

Zones contains information about which hosted zones shall be included/excluded for this provider.

DataVolume

(Appears on: Worker)

DataVolume contains information about a data volume.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name of the volume to make it referencable.

type
string
(Optional)

Type is the type of the volume.

size
string

VolumeSize is the size of the volume.

encrypted
bool
(Optional)

Encrypted determines if the volume should be encrypted.

DeploymentRef

(Appears on: ControllerRegistrationDeployment)

DeploymentRef contains information about ControllerDeployment references.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the name of the ControllerDeployment that is being referred to.

ETCDEncryptionKeyRotation

(Appears on: ShootCredentialsRotation)

ETCDEncryptionKeyRotation contains information about the ETCD encryption key credential rotation.

FieldDescription
phase
CredentialsRotationPhase

Phase describes the phase of the ETCD encryption key credential rotation.

lastCompletionTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastCompletionTime is the most recent time when the ETCD encryption key credential rotation was successfully completed.

lastInitiationTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastInitiationTime is the most recent time when the ETCD encryption key credential rotation was initiated.

lastInitiationFinishedTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastInitiationFinishedTime is the recent time when the certificate authority credential rotation initiation was completed.

lastCompletionTriggeredTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastCompletionTriggeredTime is the recent time when the certificate authority credential rotation completion was triggered.

ErrorCode (string alias)

(Appears on: Condition, LastError)

ErrorCode is a string alias.

ExpanderMode (string alias)

(Appears on: ClusterAutoscaler)

ExpanderMode is type used for Expander values

ExpirableVersion

(Appears on: KubernetesSettings, MachineImageVersion)

ExpirableVersion contains a version and an expiration date.

FieldDescription
version
string

Version is the version identifier.

expirationDate
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

ExpirationDate defines the time at which this version expires.

classification
VersionClassification
(Optional)

Classification defines the state of a version (preview, supported, deprecated)

ExposureClassScheduling

(Appears on: ExposureClass)

ExposureClassScheduling holds information to select applicable Seed’s for ExposureClass usage.

FieldDescription
seedSelector
SeedSelector
(Optional)

SeedSelector is an optional label selector for Seed’s which are suitable to use the ExposureClass.

tolerations
[]Toleration
(Optional)

Tolerations contains the tolerations for taints on Seed clusters.

Extension

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

Extension contains type and provider information for Shoot extensions.

FieldDescription
type
string

Type is the type of the extension resource.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the configuration passed to extension resource.

disabled
bool
(Optional)

Disabled allows to disable extensions that were marked as ‘globally enabled’ by Gardener administrators.

ExtensionResourceState

(Appears on: ShootStateSpec)

ExtensionResourceState contains the kind of the extension custom resource and its last observed state in the Shoot’s namespace on the Seed cluster.

FieldDescription
kind
string

Kind (type) of the extension custom resource

name
string
(Optional)

Name of the extension custom resource

purpose
string
(Optional)

Purpose of the extension custom resource

state
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

State of the extension resource

resources
[]NamedResourceReference
(Optional)

Resources holds a list of named resource references that can be referred to in the state by their names.

FailureTolerance

(Appears on: HighAvailability)

FailureTolerance describes information about failure tolerance level of a highly available resource.

FieldDescription
type
FailureToleranceType

Type specifies the type of failure that the highly available resource can tolerate

FailureToleranceType (string alias)

(Appears on: FailureTolerance)

FailureToleranceType specifies the type of failure that a highly available shoot control plane that can tolerate.

Gardener

(Appears on: SeedStatus, ShootStatus)

Gardener holds the information about the Gardener version that operated a resource.

FieldDescription
id
string

ID is the Docker container id of the Gardener which last acted on a resource.

name
string

Name is the hostname (pod name) of the Gardener which last acted on a resource.

version
string

Version is the version of the Gardener which last acted on a resource.

GardenerResourceData

(Appears on: ShootStateSpec)

GardenerResourceData holds the data which is used to generate resources, deployed in the Shoot’s control plane.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name of the object required to generate resources

type
string

Type of the object

data
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension

Data contains the payload required to generate resources

labels
map[string]string
(Optional)

Labels are labels of the object

Hibernation

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

Hibernation contains information whether the Shoot is suspended or not.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool
(Optional)

Enabled specifies whether the Shoot needs to be hibernated or not. If it is true, the Shoot’s desired state is to be hibernated. If it is false or nil, the Shoot’s desired state is to be awakened.

schedules
[]HibernationSchedule
(Optional)

Schedules determine the hibernation schedules.

HibernationSchedule

(Appears on: Hibernation)

HibernationSchedule determines the hibernation schedule of a Shoot. A Shoot will be regularly hibernated at each start time and will be woken up at each end time. Start or End can be omitted, though at least one of each has to be specified.

FieldDescription
start
string
(Optional)

Start is a Cron spec at which time a Shoot will be hibernated.

end
string
(Optional)

End is a Cron spec at which time a Shoot will be woken up.

location
string
(Optional)

Location is the time location in which both start and shall be evaluated.

HighAvailability

(Appears on: ControlPlane)

HighAvailability specifies the configuration settings for high availability for a resource. Typical usages could be to configure HA for shoot control plane or for seed system components.

FieldDescription
failureTolerance
FailureTolerance

FailureTolerance holds information about failure tolerance level of a highly available resource.

HorizontalPodAutoscalerConfig

(Appears on: KubeControllerManagerConfig)

HorizontalPodAutoscalerConfig contains horizontal pod autoscaler configuration settings for the kube-controller-manager. Note: Descriptions were taken from the Kubernetes documentation.

FieldDescription
cpuInitializationPeriod
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

The period after which a ready pod transition is considered to be the first.

downscaleStabilization
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

The configurable window at which the controller will choose the highest recommendation for autoscaling.

initialReadinessDelay
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

The configurable period at which the horizontal pod autoscaler considers a Pod “not yet ready” given that it’s unready and it has transitioned to unready during that time.

syncPeriod
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

The period for syncing the number of pods in horizontal pod autoscaler.

tolerance
float64
(Optional)

The minimum change (from 1.0) in the desired-to-actual metrics ratio for the horizontal pod autoscaler to consider scaling.

IPFamily (string alias)

(Appears on: Networking, SeedNetworks)

IPFamily is a type for specifying an IP protocol version to use in Gardener clusters.

Ingress

(Appears on: SeedSpec)

Ingress configures the Ingress specific settings of the Seed cluster

FieldDescription
domain
string

Domain specifies the IngressDomain of the Seed cluster pointing to the ingress controller endpoint. It will be used to construct ingress URLs for system applications running in Shoot clusters. Once set this field is immutable.

controller
IngressController

Controller configures a Gardener managed Ingress Controller listening on the ingressDomain

IngressController

(Appears on: Ingress)

IngressController enables a Gardener managed Ingress Controller listening on the ingressDomain

FieldDescription
kind
string

Kind defines which kind of IngressController to use, for example nginx

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig specifies infrastructure specific configuration for the ingressController

KubeAPIServerConfig

(Appears on: Kubernetes)

KubeAPIServerConfig contains configuration settings for the kube-apiserver.

FieldDescription
KubernetesConfig
KubernetesConfig

(Members of KubernetesConfig are embedded into this type.)

admissionPlugins
[]AdmissionPlugin
(Optional)

AdmissionPlugins contains the list of user-defined admission plugins (additional to those managed by Gardener), and, if desired, the corresponding configuration.

apiAudiences
[]string
(Optional)

APIAudiences are the identifiers of the API. The service account token authenticator will validate that tokens used against the API are bound to at least one of these audiences. Defaults to [“kubernetes”].

auditConfig
AuditConfig
(Optional)

AuditConfig contains configuration settings for the audit of the kube-apiserver.

oidcConfig
OIDCConfig
(Optional)

OIDCConfig contains configuration settings for the OIDC provider.

runtimeConfig
map[string]bool
(Optional)

RuntimeConfig contains information about enabled or disabled APIs.

serviceAccountConfig
ServiceAccountConfig
(Optional)

ServiceAccountConfig contains configuration settings for the service account handling of the kube-apiserver.

watchCacheSizes
WatchCacheSizes
(Optional)

WatchCacheSizes contains configuration of the API server’s watch cache sizes. Configuring these flags might be useful for large-scale Shoot clusters with a lot of parallel update requests and a lot of watching controllers (e.g. large ManagedSeed clusters). When the API server’s watch cache’s capacity is too small to cope with the amount of update requests and watchers for a particular resource, it might happen that controller watches are permanently stopped with too old resource version errors. Starting from kubernetes v1.19, the API server’s watch cache size is adapted dynamically and setting the watch cache size flags will have no effect, except when setting it to 0 (which disables the watch cache).

requests
KubeAPIServerRequests
(Optional)

Requests contains configuration for request-specific settings for the kube-apiserver.

enableAnonymousAuthentication
bool
(Optional)

EnableAnonymousAuthentication defines whether anonymous requests to the secure port of the API server should be allowed (flag --anonymous-auth). See: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-apiserver/

eventTTL
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

EventTTL controls the amount of time to retain events. Defaults to 1h.

logging
KubeAPIServerLogging
(Optional)

Logging contains configuration for the log level and HTTP access logs.

defaultNotReadyTolerationSeconds
int64
(Optional)

DefaultNotReadyTolerationSeconds indicates the tolerationSeconds of the toleration for notReady:NoExecute that is added by default to every pod that does not already have such a toleration (flag --default-not-ready-toleration-seconds). The field has effect only when the DefaultTolerationSeconds admission plugin is enabled. Defaults to 300.

defaultUnreachableTolerationSeconds
int64
(Optional)

DefaultUnreachableTolerationSeconds indicates the tolerationSeconds of the toleration for unreachable:NoExecute that is added by default to every pod that does not already have such a toleration (flag --default-unreachable-toleration-seconds). The field has effect only when the DefaultTolerationSeconds admission plugin is enabled. Defaults to 300.

KubeAPIServerLogging

(Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

KubeAPIServerLogging contains configuration for the logs level and http access logs

FieldDescription
verbosity
int32
(Optional)

Verbosity is the kube-apiserver log verbosity level Defaults to 2.

httpAccessVerbosity
int32
(Optional)

HTTPAccessVerbosity is the kube-apiserver access logs level

KubeAPIServerRequests

(Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

KubeAPIServerRequests contains configuration for request-specific settings for the kube-apiserver.

FieldDescription
maxNonMutatingInflight
int32
(Optional)

MaxNonMutatingInflight is the maximum number of non-mutating requests in flight at a given time. When the server exceeds this, it rejects requests.

maxMutatingInflight
int32
(Optional)

MaxMutatingInflight is the maximum number of mutating requests in flight at a given time. When the server exceeds this, it rejects requests.

KubeControllerManagerConfig

(Appears on: Kubernetes)

KubeControllerManagerConfig contains configuration settings for the kube-controller-manager.

FieldDescription
KubernetesConfig
KubernetesConfig

(Members of KubernetesConfig are embedded into this type.)

horizontalPodAutoscaler
HorizontalPodAutoscalerConfig
(Optional)

HorizontalPodAutoscalerConfig contains horizontal pod autoscaler configuration settings for the kube-controller-manager.

nodeCIDRMaskSize
int32
(Optional)

NodeCIDRMaskSize defines the mask size for node cidr in cluster (default is 24). This field is immutable.

podEvictionTimeout
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

PodEvictionTimeout defines the grace period for deleting pods on failed nodes. Defaults to 2m.

Deprecated: The corresponding kube-controller-manager flag --pod-eviction-timeout is deprecated in favor of the kube-apiserver flags --default-not-ready-toleration-seconds and --default-unreachable-toleration-seconds. The --pod-eviction-timeout flag does not have effect when the taint besed eviction is enabled. The taint based eviction is beta (enabled by default) since Kubernetes 1.13 and GA since Kubernetes 1.18. Hence, instead of setting this field, set the spec.kubernetes.kubeAPIServer.defaultNotReadyTolerationSeconds and spec.kubernetes.kubeAPIServer.defaultUnreachableTolerationSeconds.

nodeMonitorGracePeriod
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

NodeMonitorGracePeriod defines the grace period before an unresponsive node is marked unhealthy.

KubeProxyConfig

(Appears on: Kubernetes)

KubeProxyConfig contains configuration settings for the kube-proxy.

FieldDescription
KubernetesConfig
KubernetesConfig

(Members of KubernetesConfig are embedded into this type.)

mode
ProxyMode
(Optional)

Mode specifies which proxy mode to use. defaults to IPTables.

enabled
bool
(Optional)

Enabled indicates whether kube-proxy should be deployed or not. Depending on the networking extensions switching kube-proxy off might be rejected. Consulting the respective documentation of the used networking extension is recommended before using this field. defaults to true if not specified.

KubeSchedulerConfig

(Appears on: Kubernetes)

KubeSchedulerConfig contains configuration settings for the kube-scheduler.

FieldDescription
KubernetesConfig
KubernetesConfig

(Members of KubernetesConfig are embedded into this type.)

kubeMaxPDVols
string
(Optional)

KubeMaxPDVols allows to configure the KUBE_MAX_PD_VOLS environment variable for the kube-scheduler. Please find more information here: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/storage-limits/#custom-limits Note that using this field is considered alpha-/experimental-level and is on your own risk. You should be aware of all the side-effects and consequences when changing it.

profile
SchedulingProfile
(Optional)

Profile configures the scheduling profile for the cluster. If not specified, the used profile is “balanced” (provides the default kube-scheduler behavior).

KubeletConfig

(Appears on: Kubernetes, WorkerKubernetes)

KubeletConfig contains configuration settings for the kubelet.

FieldDescription
KubernetesConfig
KubernetesConfig

(Members of KubernetesConfig are embedded into this type.)

cpuCFSQuota
bool
(Optional)

CPUCFSQuota allows you to disable/enable CPU throttling for Pods.

cpuManagerPolicy
string
(Optional)

CPUManagerPolicy allows to set alternative CPU management policies (default: none).

evictionHard
KubeletConfigEviction
(Optional)

EvictionHard describes a set of eviction thresholds (e.g. memory.available<1Gi) that if met would trigger a Pod eviction. Default: memory.available: “100Mi/1Gi/5%” nodefs.available: “5%” nodefs.inodesFree: “5%” imagefs.available: “5%” imagefs.inodesFree: “5%”

evictionMaxPodGracePeriod
int32
(Optional)

EvictionMaxPodGracePeriod describes the maximum allowed grace period (in seconds) to use when terminating pods in response to a soft eviction threshold being met. Default: 90

evictionMinimumReclaim
KubeletConfigEvictionMinimumReclaim
(Optional)

EvictionMinimumReclaim configures the amount of resources below the configured eviction threshold that the kubelet attempts to reclaim whenever the kubelet observes resource pressure. Default: 0 for each resource

evictionPressureTransitionPeriod
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

EvictionPressureTransitionPeriod is the duration for which the kubelet has to wait before transitioning out of an eviction pressure condition. Default: 4m0s

evictionSoft
KubeletConfigEviction
(Optional)

EvictionSoft describes a set of eviction thresholds (e.g. memory.available<1.5Gi) that if met over a corresponding grace period would trigger a Pod eviction. Default: memory.available: “200Mi/1.5Gi/10%” nodefs.available: “10%” nodefs.inodesFree: “10%” imagefs.available: “10%” imagefs.inodesFree: “10%”

evictionSoftGracePeriod
KubeletConfigEvictionSoftGracePeriod
(Optional)

EvictionSoftGracePeriod describes a set of eviction grace periods (e.g. memory.available=1m30s) that correspond to how long a soft eviction threshold must hold before triggering a Pod eviction. Default: memory.available: 1m30s nodefs.available: 1m30s nodefs.inodesFree: 1m30s imagefs.available: 1m30s imagefs.inodesFree: 1m30s

maxPods
int32
(Optional)

MaxPods is the maximum number of Pods that are allowed by the Kubelet. Default: 110

podPidsLimit
int64
(Optional)

PodPIDsLimit is the maximum number of process IDs per pod allowed by the kubelet.

imagePullProgressDeadline
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

ImagePullProgressDeadline describes the time limit under which if no pulling progress is made, the image pulling will be cancelled. Default: 1m

failSwapOn
bool
(Optional)

FailSwapOn makes the Kubelet fail to start if swap is enabled on the node. (default true).

kubeReserved
KubeletConfigReserved
(Optional)

KubeReserved is the configuration for resources reserved for kubernetes node components (mainly kubelet and container runtime). When updating these values, be aware that cgroup resizes may not succeed on active worker nodes. Look for the NodeAllocatableEnforced event to determine if the configuration was applied. Default: cpu=80m,memory=1Gi,pid=20k

systemReserved
KubeletConfigReserved
(Optional)

SystemReserved is the configuration for resources reserved for system processes not managed by kubernetes (e.g. journald). When updating these values, be aware that cgroup resizes may not succeed on active worker nodes. Look for the NodeAllocatableEnforced event to determine if the configuration was applied.

imageGCHighThresholdPercent
int32
(Optional)

ImageGCHighThresholdPercent describes the percent of the disk usage which triggers image garbage collection. Default: 50

imageGCLowThresholdPercent
int32
(Optional)

ImageGCLowThresholdPercent describes the percent of the disk to which garbage collection attempts to free. Default: 40

serializeImagePulls
bool
(Optional)

SerializeImagePulls describes whether the images are pulled one at a time. Default: true

registryPullQPS
int32
(Optional)

RegistryPullQPS is the limit of registry pulls per second. The value must not be a negative number. Setting it to 0 means no limit. Default: 5

registryBurst
int32
(Optional)

RegistryBurst is the maximum size of bursty pulls, temporarily allows pulls to burst to this number, while still not exceeding registryPullQPS. The value must not be a negative number. Only used if registryPullQPS is greater than 0. Default: 10

seccompDefault
bool
(Optional)

SeccompDefault enables the use of RuntimeDefault as the default seccomp profile for all workloads. This requires the corresponding SeccompDefault feature gate to be enabled as well. This field is only available for Kubernetes v1.25 or later.

containerLogMaxSize
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

A quantity defines the maximum size of the container log file before it is rotated. For example: “5Mi” or “256Ki”. Default: 100Mi

containerLogMaxFiles
int32
(Optional)

Maximum number of container log files that can be present for a container.

protectKernelDefaults
bool
(Optional)

ProtectKernelDefaults ensures that the kernel tunables are equal to the kubelet defaults. Defaults to true for Kubernetes v1.26 or later.

streamingConnectionIdleTimeout
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

StreamingConnectionIdleTimeout is the maximum time a streaming connection can be idle before the connection is automatically closed. This field cannot be set lower than “30s” or greater than “4h”. Default: “4h” for Kubernetes < v1.26. “5m” for Kubernetes >= v1.26.

memorySwap
MemorySwapConfiguration
(Optional)

MemorySwap configures swap memory available to container workloads.

KubeletConfigEviction

(Appears on: KubeletConfig)

KubeletConfigEviction contains kubelet eviction thresholds supporting either a resource.Quantity or a percentage based value.

FieldDescription
memoryAvailable
string
(Optional)

MemoryAvailable is the threshold for the free memory on the host server.

imageFSAvailable
string
(Optional)

ImageFSAvailable is the threshold for the free disk space in the imagefs filesystem (docker images and container writable layers).

imageFSInodesFree
string
(Optional)

ImageFSInodesFree is the threshold for the available inodes in the imagefs filesystem.

nodeFSAvailable
string
(Optional)

NodeFSAvailable is the threshold for the free disk space in the nodefs filesystem (docker volumes, logs, etc).

nodeFSInodesFree
string
(Optional)

NodeFSInodesFree is the threshold for the available inodes in the nodefs filesystem.

KubeletConfigEvictionMinimumReclaim

(Appears on: KubeletConfig)

KubeletConfigEvictionMinimumReclaim contains configuration for the kubelet eviction minimum reclaim.

FieldDescription
memoryAvailable
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

MemoryAvailable is the threshold for the memory reclaim on the host server.

imageFSAvailable
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

ImageFSAvailable is the threshold for the disk space reclaim in the imagefs filesystem (docker images and container writable layers).

imageFSInodesFree
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

ImageFSInodesFree is the threshold for the inodes reclaim in the imagefs filesystem.

nodeFSAvailable
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

NodeFSAvailable is the threshold for the disk space reclaim in the nodefs filesystem (docker volumes, logs, etc).

nodeFSInodesFree
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

NodeFSInodesFree is the threshold for the inodes reclaim in the nodefs filesystem.

KubeletConfigEvictionSoftGracePeriod

(Appears on: KubeletConfig)

KubeletConfigEvictionSoftGracePeriod contains grace periods for kubelet eviction thresholds.

FieldDescription
memoryAvailable
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

MemoryAvailable is the grace period for the MemoryAvailable eviction threshold.

imageFSAvailable
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

ImageFSAvailable is the grace period for the ImageFSAvailable eviction threshold.

imageFSInodesFree
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

ImageFSInodesFree is the grace period for the ImageFSInodesFree eviction threshold.

nodeFSAvailable
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

NodeFSAvailable is the grace period for the NodeFSAvailable eviction threshold.

nodeFSInodesFree
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

NodeFSInodesFree is the grace period for the NodeFSInodesFree eviction threshold.

KubeletConfigReserved

(Appears on: KubeletConfig)

KubeletConfigReserved contains reserved resources for daemons

FieldDescription
cpu
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

CPU is the reserved cpu.

memory
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

Memory is the reserved memory.

ephemeralStorage
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

EphemeralStorage is the reserved ephemeral-storage.

pid
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

PID is the reserved process-ids.

Kubernetes

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

Kubernetes contains the version and configuration variables for the Shoot control plane.

FieldDescription
allowPrivilegedContainers
bool
(Optional)

AllowPrivilegedContainers indicates whether privileged containers are allowed in the Shoot. Defaults to true for Kubernetes versions below v1.25. Unusable for Kubernetes versions v1.25 and higher.

clusterAutoscaler
ClusterAutoscaler
(Optional)

ClusterAutoscaler contains the configuration flags for the Kubernetes cluster autoscaler.

kubeAPIServer
KubeAPIServerConfig
(Optional)

KubeAPIServer contains configuration settings for the kube-apiserver.

kubeControllerManager
KubeControllerManagerConfig
(Optional)

KubeControllerManager contains configuration settings for the kube-controller-manager.

kubeScheduler
KubeSchedulerConfig
(Optional)

KubeScheduler contains configuration settings for the kube-scheduler.

kubeProxy
KubeProxyConfig
(Optional)

KubeProxy contains configuration settings for the kube-proxy.

kubelet
KubeletConfig
(Optional)

Kubelet contains configuration settings for the kubelet.

version
string

Version is the semantic Kubernetes version to use for the Shoot cluster.

verticalPodAutoscaler
VerticalPodAutoscaler
(Optional)

VerticalPodAutoscaler contains the configuration flags for the Kubernetes vertical pod autoscaler.

enableStaticTokenKubeconfig
bool
(Optional)

EnableStaticTokenKubeconfig indicates whether static token kubeconfig secret will be created for the Shoot cluster. Defaults to true for Shoots with Kubernetes versions < 1.26. Defaults to false for Shoots with Kubernetes versions >= 1.26. Starting Kubernetes 1.27 the field will be locked to false.

KubernetesConfig

(Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig, KubeControllerManagerConfig, KubeProxyConfig, KubeSchedulerConfig, KubeletConfig)

KubernetesConfig contains common configuration fields for the control plane components.

FieldDescription
featureGates
map[string]bool
(Optional)

FeatureGates contains information about enabled feature gates.

KubernetesDashboard

(Appears on: Addons)

KubernetesDashboard describes configuration values for the kubernetes-dashboard addon.

FieldDescription
Addon
Addon

(Members of Addon are embedded into this type.)

authenticationMode
string
(Optional)

AuthenticationMode defines the authentication mode for the kubernetes-dashboard.

KubernetesSettings

(Appears on: CloudProfileSpec)

KubernetesSettings contains constraints regarding allowed values of the ‘kubernetes’ block in the Shoot specification.

FieldDescription
versions
[]ExpirableVersion
(Optional)

Versions is the list of allowed Kubernetes versions with optional expiration dates for Shoot clusters.

LastError

(Appears on: BackupBucketStatus, BackupEntryStatus, ShootStatus)

LastError indicates the last occurred error for an operation on a resource.

FieldDescription
description
string

A human readable message indicating details about the last error.

taskID
string
(Optional)

ID of the task which caused this last error

codes
[]ErrorCode
(Optional)

Well-defined error codes of the last error(s).

lastUpdateTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

Last time the error was reported

LastMaintenance

(Appears on: ShootStatus)

LastMaintenance holds information about a maintenance operation on the Shoot.

FieldDescription
description
string

A human-readable message containing details about the operations performed in the last maintenance.

triggeredTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time

TriggeredTime is the time when maintenance was triggered.

state
LastOperationState

Status of the last maintenance operation, one of Processing, Succeeded, Error.

failureReason
string
(Optional)

FailureReason holds the information about the last maintenance operation failure reason.

LastOperation

(Appears on: BackupBucketStatus, BackupEntryStatus, ShootStatus)

LastOperation indicates the type and the state of the last operation, along with a description message and a progress indicator.

FieldDescription
description
string

A human readable message indicating details about the last operation.

lastUpdateTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time

Last time the operation state transitioned from one to another.

progress
int32

The progress in percentage (0-100) of the last operation.

state
LastOperationState

Status of the last operation, one of Aborted, Processing, Succeeded, Error, Failed.

type
LastOperationType

Type of the last operation, one of Create, Reconcile, Delete, Migrate, Restore.

LastOperationState (string alias)

(Appears on: LastMaintenance, LastOperation)

LastOperationState is a string alias.

LastOperationType (string alias)

(Appears on: LastOperation)

LastOperationType is a string alias.

Machine

(Appears on: Worker)

Machine contains information about the machine type and image.

FieldDescription
type
string

Type is the machine type of the worker group.

image
ShootMachineImage
(Optional)

Image holds information about the machine image to use for all nodes of this pool. It will default to the latest version of the first image stated in the referenced CloudProfile if no value has been provided.

architecture
string
(Optional)

Architecture is CPU architecture of machines in this worker pool.

MachineControllerManagerSettings

(Appears on: Worker)

MachineControllerManagerSettings contains configurations for different worker-pools. Eg. MachineDrainTimeout, MachineHealthTimeout.

FieldDescription
machineDrainTimeout
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

MachineDrainTimeout is the period after which machine is forcefully deleted.

machineHealthTimeout
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

MachineHealthTimeout is the period after which machine is declared failed.

machineCreationTimeout
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

MachineCreationTimeout is the period after which creation of the machine is declared failed.

maxEvictRetries
int32
(Optional)

MaxEvictRetries are the number of eviction retries on a pod after which drain is declared failed, and forceful deletion is triggered.

nodeConditions
[]string
(Optional)

NodeConditions are the set of conditions if set to true for the period of MachineHealthTimeout, machine will be declared failed.

MachineImage

(Appears on: CloudProfileSpec)

MachineImage defines the name and multiple versions of the machine image in any environment.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the name of the image.

versions
[]MachineImageVersion

Versions contains versions, expiration dates and container runtimes of the machine image

MachineImageVersion

(Appears on: MachineImage)

MachineImageVersion is an expirable version with list of supported container runtimes and interfaces

FieldDescription
ExpirableVersion
ExpirableVersion

(Members of ExpirableVersion are embedded into this type.)

cri
[]CRI
(Optional)

CRI list of supported container runtime and interfaces supported by this version

architectures
[]string
(Optional)

Architectures is the list of CPU architectures of the machine image in this version.

kubeletVersionConstraint
string
(Optional)

KubeletVersionConstraint is a constraint describing the supported kubelet versions by the machine image in this version. If the field is not specified, it is assumed that the machine image in this version supports all kubelet versions. Examples: - ‘>= 1.26’ - supports only kubelet versions greater than or equal to 1.26 - ‘< 1.26’ - supports only kubelet versions less than 1.26

MachineType

(Appears on: CloudProfileSpec)

MachineType contains certain properties of a machine type.

FieldDescription
cpu
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity

CPU is the number of CPUs for this machine type.

gpu
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity

GPU is the number of GPUs for this machine type.

memory
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity

Memory is the amount of memory for this machine type.

name
string

Name is the name of the machine type.

storage
MachineTypeStorage
(Optional)

Storage is the amount of storage associated with the root volume of this machine type.

usable
bool
(Optional)

Usable defines if the machine type can be used for shoot clusters.

architecture
string
(Optional)

Architecture is the CPU architecture of this machine type.

MachineTypeStorage

(Appears on: MachineType)

MachineTypeStorage is the amount of storage associated with the root volume of this machine type.

FieldDescription
class
string

Class is the class of the storage type.

size
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

StorageSize is the storage size.

type
string

Type is the type of the storage.

minSize
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

MinSize is the minimal supported storage size. This overrides any other common minimum size configuration from spec.volumeTypes[*].minSize.

Maintenance

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

Maintenance contains information about the time window for maintenance operations and which operations should be performed.

FieldDescription
autoUpdate
MaintenanceAutoUpdate
(Optional)

AutoUpdate contains information about which constraints should be automatically updated.

timeWindow
MaintenanceTimeWindow
(Optional)

TimeWindow contains information about the time window for maintenance operations.

confineSpecUpdateRollout
bool
(Optional)

ConfineSpecUpdateRollout prevents that changes/updates to the shoot specification will be rolled out immediately. Instead, they are rolled out during the shoot’s maintenance time window. There is one exception that will trigger an immediate roll out which is changes to the Spec.Hibernation.Enabled field.

MaintenanceAutoUpdate

(Appears on: Maintenance)

MaintenanceAutoUpdate contains information about which constraints should be automatically updated.

FieldDescription
kubernetesVersion
bool

KubernetesVersion indicates whether the patch Kubernetes version may be automatically updated (default: true).

machineImageVersion
bool
(Optional)

MachineImageVersion indicates whether the machine image version may be automatically updated (default: true).

MaintenanceTimeWindow

(Appears on: Maintenance)

MaintenanceTimeWindow contains information about the time window for maintenance operations.

FieldDescription
begin
string

Begin is the beginning of the time window in the format HHMMSS+ZONE, e.g. “220000+0100”. If not present, a random value will be computed.

end
string

End is the end of the time window in the format HHMMSS+ZONE, e.g. “220000+0100”. If not present, the value will be computed based on the “Begin” value.

MemorySwapConfiguration

(Appears on: KubeletConfig)

MemorySwapConfiguration contains kubelet swap configuration For more information, please see KEP: 2400-node-swap

FieldDescription
swapBehavior
SwapBehavior
(Optional)

SwapBehavior configures swap memory available to container workloads. May be one of {“LimitedSwap”, “UnlimitedSwap”} defaults to: LimitedSwap

Monitoring

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

Monitoring contains information about the monitoring configuration for the shoot.

FieldDescription
alerting
Alerting
(Optional)

Alerting contains information about the alerting configuration for the shoot cluster.

NamedResourceReference

(Appears on: ExtensionResourceState, ShootSpec)

NamedResourceReference is a named reference to a resource.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name of the resource reference.

resourceRef
Kubernetes autoscaling/v1.CrossVersionObjectReference

ResourceRef is a reference to a resource.

Networking

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

Networking defines networking parameters for the shoot cluster.

FieldDescription
type
string
(Optional)

Type identifies the type of the networking plugin. This field is immutable.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the configuration passed to network resource.

pods
string
(Optional)

Pods is the CIDR of the pod network. This field is immutable.

nodes
string
(Optional)

Nodes is the CIDR of the entire node network. This field is immutable if the feature gate MutableShootSpecNetworkingNodes is disabled.

services
string
(Optional)

Services is the CIDR of the service network. This field is immutable.

ipFamilies
[]IPFamily
(Optional)

IPFamilies specifies the IP protocol versions to use for shoot networking. This field is immutable. See https://github.com/gardener/gardener/blob/master/docs/usage/ipv6.md. Defaults to [“IPv4”].

NginxIngress

(Appears on: Addons)

NginxIngress describes configuration values for the nginx-ingress addon.

FieldDescription
Addon
Addon

(Members of Addon are embedded into this type.)

loadBalancerSourceRanges
[]string
(Optional)

LoadBalancerSourceRanges is list of allowed IP sources for NginxIngress

config
map[string]string
(Optional)

Config contains custom configuration for the nginx-ingress-controller configuration. See https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/master/docs/user-guide/nginx-configuration/configmap.md#configuration-options

externalTrafficPolicy
Kubernetes core/v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyType
(Optional)

ExternalTrafficPolicy controls the .spec.externalTrafficPolicy value of the load balancer Service exposing the nginx-ingress. Defaults to Cluster.

NodeLocalDNS

(Appears on: SystemComponents)

NodeLocalDNS contains the settings of the node local DNS components running in the data plane of the Shoot cluster.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled indicates whether node local DNS is enabled or not.

forceTCPToClusterDNS
bool
(Optional)

ForceTCPToClusterDNS indicates whether the connection from the node local DNS to the cluster DNS (Core DNS) will be forced to TCP or not. Default, if unspecified, is to enforce TCP.

forceTCPToUpstreamDNS
bool
(Optional)

ForceTCPToUpstreamDNS indicates whether the connection from the node local DNS to the upstream DNS (infrastructure DNS) will be forced to TCP or not. Default, if unspecified, is to enforce TCP.

disableForwardToUpstreamDNS
bool
(Optional)

DisableForwardToUpstreamDNS indicates whether requests from node local DNS to upstream DNS should be disabled. Default, if unspecified, is to forward requests for external domains to upstream DNS

OIDCConfig

(Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

OIDCConfig contains configuration settings for the OIDC provider. Note: Descriptions were taken from the Kubernetes documentation.

FieldDescription
caBundle
string
(Optional)

If set, the OpenID server’s certificate will be verified by one of the authorities in the oidc-ca-file, otherwise the host’s root CA set will be used.

clientAuthentication
OpenIDConnectClientAuthentication
(Optional)

ClientAuthentication can optionally contain client configuration used for kubeconfig generation.

clientID
string
(Optional)

The client ID for the OpenID Connect client, must be set if oidc-issuer-url is set.

groupsClaim
string
(Optional)

If provided, the name of a custom OpenID Connect claim for specifying user groups. The claim value is expected to be a string or array of strings. This flag is experimental, please see the authentication documentation for further details.

groupsPrefix
string
(Optional)

If provided, all groups will be prefixed with this value to prevent conflicts with other authentication strategies.

issuerURL
string
(Optional)

The URL of the OpenID issuer, only HTTPS scheme will be accepted. If set, it will be used to verify the OIDC JSON Web Token (JWT).

requiredClaims
map[string]string
(Optional)

key=value pairs that describes a required claim in the ID Token. If set, the claim is verified to be present in the ID Token with a matching value.

signingAlgs
[]string
(Optional)

List of allowed JOSE asymmetric signing algorithms. JWTs with a ‘alg’ header value not in this list will be rejected. Values are defined by RFC 7518 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7518#section-3.1

usernameClaim
string
(Optional)

The OpenID claim to use as the user name. Note that claims other than the default (‘sub’) is not guaranteed to be unique and immutable. This flag is experimental, please see the authentication documentation for further details. (default “sub”)

usernamePrefix
string
(Optional)

If provided, all usernames will be prefixed with this value. If not provided, username claims other than ‘email’ are prefixed by the issuer URL to avoid clashes. To skip any prefixing, provide the value ‘-’.

OpenIDConnectClientAuthentication

(Appears on: OIDCConfig)

OpenIDConnectClientAuthentication contains configuration for OIDC clients.

FieldDescription
extraConfig
map[string]string
(Optional)

Extra configuration added to kubeconfig’s auth-provider. Must not be any of idp-issuer-url, client-id, client-secret, idp-certificate-authority, idp-certificate-authority-data, id-token or refresh-token

secret
string
(Optional)

The client Secret for the OpenID Connect client.

ProjectMember

(Appears on: ProjectSpec)

ProjectMember is a member of a project.

FieldDescription
Subject
Kubernetes rbac/v1.Subject

(Members of Subject are embedded into this type.)

Subject is representing a user name, an email address, or any other identifier of a user, group, or service account that has a certain role.

role
string

Role represents the role of this member. IMPORTANT: Be aware that this field will be removed in the v1 version of this API in favor of the roles list. TODO: Remove this field in favor of the roles list in v1.

roles
[]string
(Optional)

Roles represents the list of roles of this member.

ProjectPhase (string alias)

(Appears on: ProjectStatus)

ProjectPhase is a label for the condition of a project at the current time.

ProjectSpec

(Appears on: Project)

ProjectSpec is the specification of a Project.

FieldDescription
createdBy
Kubernetes rbac/v1.Subject
(Optional)

CreatedBy is a subject representing a user name, an email address, or any other identifier of a user who created the project. This field is immutable.

description
string
(Optional)

Description is a human-readable description of what the project is used for.

owner
Kubernetes rbac/v1.Subject
(Optional)

Owner is a subject representing a user name, an email address, or any other identifier of a user owning the project. IMPORTANT: Be aware that this field will be removed in the v1 version of this API in favor of the owner role. The only way to change the owner will be by moving the owner role. In this API version the only way to change the owner is to use this field. TODO: Remove this field in favor of the owner role in v1.

purpose
string
(Optional)

Purpose is a human-readable explanation of the project’s purpose.

members
[]ProjectMember
(Optional)

Members is a list of subjects representing a user name, an email address, or any other identifier of a user, group, or service account that has a certain role.

namespace
string
(Optional)

Namespace is the name of the namespace that has been created for the Project object. A nil value means that Gardener will determine the name of the namespace. This field is immutable.

tolerations
ProjectTolerations
(Optional)

Tolerations contains the tolerations for taints on seed clusters.

ProjectStatus

(Appears on: Project)

ProjectStatus holds the most recently observed status of the project.

FieldDescription
observedGeneration
int64
(Optional)

ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this project.

phase
ProjectPhase

Phase is the current phase of the project.

staleSinceTimestamp
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

StaleSinceTimestamp contains the timestamp when the project was first discovered to be stale/unused.

staleAutoDeleteTimestamp
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

StaleAutoDeleteTimestamp contains the timestamp when the project will be garbage-collected/automatically deleted because it’s stale/unused.

lastActivityTimestamp
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastActivityTimestamp contains the timestamp from the last activity performed in this project.

ProjectTolerations

(Appears on: ProjectSpec)

ProjectTolerations contains the tolerations for taints on seed clusters.

FieldDescription
defaults
[]Toleration
(Optional)

Defaults contains a list of tolerations that are added to the shoots in this project by default.

whitelist
[]Toleration
(Optional)

Whitelist contains a list of tolerations that are allowed to be added to the shoots in this project. Please note that this list may only be added by users having the spec-tolerations-whitelist verb for project resources.

Provider

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

Provider contains provider-specific information that are handed-over to the provider-specific extension controller.

FieldDescription
type
string

Type is the type of the provider. This field is immutable.

controlPlaneConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ControlPlaneConfig contains the provider-specific control plane config blob. Please look up the concrete definition in the documentation of your provider extension.

infrastructureConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

InfrastructureConfig contains the provider-specific infrastructure config blob. Please look up the concrete definition in the documentation of your provider extension.

workers
[]Worker
(Optional)

Workers is a list of worker groups.

workersSettings
WorkersSettings
(Optional)

WorkersSettings contains settings for all workers.

ProxyMode (string alias)

(Appears on: KubeProxyConfig)

ProxyMode available in Linux platform: ‘userspace’ (older, going to be EOL), ‘iptables’ (newer, faster), ‘ipvs’ (newest, better in performance and scalability). As of now only ‘iptables’ and ‘ipvs’ is supported by Gardener. In Linux platform, if the iptables proxy is selected, regardless of how, but the system’s kernel or iptables versions are insufficient, this always falls back to the userspace proxy. IPVS mode will be enabled when proxy mode is set to ‘ipvs’, and the fall back path is firstly iptables and then userspace.

QuotaSpec

(Appears on: Quota)

QuotaSpec is the specification of a Quota.

FieldDescription
clusterLifetimeDays
int32
(Optional)

ClusterLifetimeDays is the lifetime of a Shoot cluster in days before it will be terminated automatically.

metrics
Kubernetes core/v1.ResourceList

Metrics is a list of resources which will be put under constraints.

scope
Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference

Scope is the scope of the Quota object, either ‘project’ or ‘secret’. This field is immutable.

Region

(Appears on: CloudProfileSpec)

Region contains certain properties of a region.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is a region name.

zones
[]AvailabilityZone
(Optional)

Zones is a list of availability zones in this region.

labels
map[string]string
(Optional)

Labels is an optional set of key-value pairs that contain certain administrator-controlled labels for this region. It can be used by Gardener administrators/operators to provide additional information about a region, e.g. wrt quality, reliability, access restrictions, etc.

ResourceData

(Appears on: ShootStateSpec)

ResourceData holds the data of a resource referred to by an extension controller state.

FieldDescription
CrossVersionObjectReference
Kubernetes autoscaling/v1.CrossVersionObjectReference

(Members of CrossVersionObjectReference are embedded into this type.)

data
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension

Data of the resource

ResourceWatchCacheSize

(Appears on: WatchCacheSizes)

ResourceWatchCacheSize contains configuration of the API server’s watch cache size for one specific resource.

FieldDescription
apiGroup
string
(Optional)

APIGroup is the API group of the resource for which the watch cache size should be configured. An unset value is used to specify the legacy core API (e.g. for secrets).

resource
string

Resource is the name of the resource for which the watch cache size should be configured (in lowercase plural form, e.g. secrets).

size
int32

CacheSize specifies the watch cache size that should be configured for the specified resource.

SSHAccess

(Appears on: WorkersSettings)

SSHAccess contains settings regarding ssh access to the worker nodes.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled indicates whether the SSH access to the worker nodes is ensured to be enabled or disabled in systemd. Defaults to true.

SchedulingProfile (string alias)

(Appears on: KubeSchedulerConfig)

SchedulingProfile is a string alias used for scheduling profile values.

SecretBindingProvider

(Appears on: SecretBinding)

SecretBindingProvider defines the provider type of the SecretBinding.

FieldDescription
type
string

Type is the type of the provider.

For backwards compatibility, the field can contain multiple providers separated by a comma. However the usage of single SecretBinding (hence Secret) for different cloud providers is strongly discouraged.

SeedBackup

(Appears on: SeedSpec)

SeedBackup contains the object store configuration for backups for shoot (currently only etcd).

FieldDescription
provider
string

Provider is a provider name. This field is immutable.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the configuration passed to BackupBucket resource.

region
string
(Optional)

Region is a region name. This field is immutable.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a Secret object containing the cloud provider credentials for the object store where backups should be stored. It should have enough privileges to manipulate the objects as well as buckets.

SeedDNS

(Appears on: SeedSpec)

SeedDNS contains DNS-relevant information about this seed cluster.

FieldDescription
provider
SeedDNSProvider
(Optional)

Provider configures a DNSProvider

SeedDNSProvider

(Appears on: SeedDNS)

SeedDNSProvider configures a DNSProvider for Seeds

FieldDescription
type
string

Type describes the type of the dns-provider, for example aws-route53

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a Secret object containing cloud provider credentials used for registering external domains.

SeedNetworks

(Appears on: SeedSpec)

SeedNetworks contains CIDRs for the pod, service and node networks of a Kubernetes cluster.

FieldDescription
nodes
string
(Optional)

Nodes is the CIDR of the node network. This field is immutable.

pods
string

Pods is the CIDR of the pod network. This field is immutable.

services
string

Services is the CIDR of the service network. This field is immutable.

shootDefaults
ShootNetworks
(Optional)

ShootDefaults contains the default networks CIDRs for shoots.

blockCIDRs
[]string
(Optional)

BlockCIDRs is a list of network addresses that should be blocked for shoot control plane components running in the seed cluster.

ipFamilies
[]IPFamily
(Optional)

IPFamilies specifies the IP protocol versions to use for seed networking. This field is immutable. See https://github.com/gardener/gardener/blob/master/docs/usage/ipv6.md. Defaults to [“IPv4”].

SeedProvider

(Appears on: SeedSpec)

SeedProvider defines the provider-specific information of this Seed cluster.

FieldDescription
type
string

Type is the name of the provider.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the configuration passed to Seed resource.

region
string

Region is a name of a region.

zones
[]string
(Optional)

Zones is the list of availability zones the seed cluster is deployed to.

SeedSelector

(Appears on: CloudProfileSpec, ExposureClassScheduling, ShootSpec)

SeedSelector contains constraints for selecting seed to be usable for shoots using a profile

FieldDescription
LabelSelector
Kubernetes meta/v1.LabelSelector

(Members of LabelSelector are embedded into this type.)

(Optional)

LabelSelector is optional and can be used to select seeds by their label settings

providerTypes
[]string
(Optional)

Providers is optional and can be used by restricting seeds by their provider type. ‘*’ can be used to enable seeds regardless of their provider type.

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdog

(Appears on: SeedSettings)

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdog controls the dependency-watchdog settings for the seed.

FieldDescription
endpoint
SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogEndpoint
(Optional)

Endpoint controls the endpoint settings for the dependency-watchdog for the seed. Deprecated: This field is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Gardener. Use Weeder instead.

probe
SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogProbe
(Optional)

Probe controls the probe settings for the dependency-watchdog for the seed. Deprecated: This field is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Gardener. Use Prober instead.

weeder
SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogWeeder
(Optional)

Weeder controls the weeder settings for the dependency-watchdog for the seed.

prober
SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogProber
(Optional)

Prober controls the prober settings for the dependency-watchdog for the seed.

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogEndpoint

(Appears on: SeedSettingDependencyWatchdog)

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogEndpoint controls the endpoint settings for the dependency-watchdog for the seed. Deprecated: This type is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Gardener. Use type SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogWeeder instead.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled controls whether the endpoint controller of the dependency-watchdog should be enabled. This controller helps to alleviate the delay where control plane components remain unavailable by finding the respective pods in CrashLoopBackoff status and restarting them once their dependants become ready and available again.

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogProbe

(Appears on: SeedSettingDependencyWatchdog)

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogProbe controls the probe settings for the dependency-watchdog for the seed. Deprecated: This type is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Gardener. Use type SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogProber instead.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled controls whether the probe controller of the dependency-watchdog should be enabled. This controller scales down the kube-controller-manager, machine-controller-manager and cluster-autoscaler of shoot clusters in case their respective kube-apiserver is not reachable via its external ingress in order to avoid melt-down situations.

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogProber

(Appears on: SeedSettingDependencyWatchdog)

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogProber controls the prober settings for the dependency-watchdog for the seed.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled controls whether the probe controller(prober) of the dependency-watchdog should be enabled. This controller scales down the kube-controller-manager, machine-controller-manager and cluster-autoscaler of shoot clusters in case their respective kube-apiserver is not reachable via its external ingress in order to avoid melt-down situations.

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogWeeder

(Appears on: SeedSettingDependencyWatchdog)

SeedSettingDependencyWatchdogWeeder controls the weeder settings for the dependency-watchdog for the seed.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled controls whether the endpoint controller(weeder) of the dependency-watchdog should be enabled. This controller helps to alleviate the delay where control plane components remain unavailable by finding the respective pods in CrashLoopBackoff status and restarting them once their dependants become ready and available again.

SeedSettingExcessCapacityReservation

(Appears on: SeedSettings)

SeedSettingExcessCapacityReservation controls the excess capacity reservation for shoot control planes in the seed.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled controls whether the excess capacity reservation should be enabled.

SeedSettingLoadBalancerServices

(Appears on: SeedSettings)

SeedSettingLoadBalancerServices controls certain settings for services of type load balancer that are created in the seed.

FieldDescription
annotations
map[string]string
(Optional)

Annotations is a map of annotations that will be injected/merged into every load balancer service object.

externalTrafficPolicy
Kubernetes core/v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyType
(Optional)

ExternalTrafficPolicy describes how nodes distribute service traffic they receive on one of the service’s “externally-facing” addresses. Defaults to “Cluster”.

zones
[]SeedSettingLoadBalancerServicesZones
(Optional)

Zones controls settings, which are specific to the single-zone load balancers in a multi-zonal setup. Can be empty for single-zone seeds. Each specified zone has to relate to one of the zones in seed.spec.provider.zones.

SeedSettingLoadBalancerServicesZones

(Appears on: SeedSettingLoadBalancerServices)

SeedSettingLoadBalancerServicesZones controls settings, which are specific to the single-zone load balancers in a multi-zonal setup.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the name of the zone as specified in seed.spec.provider.zones.

annotations
map[string]string
(Optional)

Annotations is a map of annotations that will be injected/merged into the zone-specific load balancer service object.

externalTrafficPolicy
Kubernetes core/v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyType
(Optional)

ExternalTrafficPolicy describes how nodes distribute service traffic they receive on one of the service’s “externally-facing” addresses. Defaults to “Cluster”.

SeedSettingOwnerChecks

(Appears on: SeedSettings)

SeedSettingOwnerChecks controls certain owner checks settings for shoots scheduled on this seed.

Deprecated: This field is deprecated. The “bad-case” control plane migration is being removed in favor of the HA Shoot control planes (see https://github.com/gardener/gardener/issues/6302). The field is locked to false (i.e. if the field value is true a validation error will be returned). In this way gardenlet will clean up all owner DNSRecords. Finally, the field will be removed from the API in a future version of Gardener.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled controls whether owner checks are enabled for shoots scheduled on this seed.

SeedSettingScheduling

(Appears on: SeedSettings)

SeedSettingScheduling controls settings for scheduling decisions for the seed.

FieldDescription
visible
bool

Visible controls whether the gardener-scheduler shall consider this seed when scheduling shoots. Invisible seeds are not considered by the scheduler.

SeedSettingTopologyAwareRouting

(Appears on: SeedSettings)

SeedSettingTopologyAwareRouting controls certain settings for topology-aware traffic routing in the seed. See https://github.com/gardener/gardener/blob/master/docs/usage/topology_aware_routing.md.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled controls whether certain Services deployed in the seed cluster should be topology-aware. These Services are etcd-main-client, etcd-events-client, kube-apiserver, gardener-resource-manager and vpa-webhook.

SeedSettingVerticalPodAutoscaler

(Appears on: SeedSettings)

SeedSettingVerticalPodAutoscaler controls certain settings for the vertical pod autoscaler components deployed in the seed.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled controls whether the VPA components shall be deployed into the garden namespace in the seed cluster. It is enabled by default because Gardener heavily relies on a VPA being deployed. You should only disable this if your seed cluster already has another, manually/custom managed VPA deployment.

SeedSettings

(Appears on: SeedSpec)

SeedSettings contains certain settings for this seed cluster.

FieldDescription
excessCapacityReservation
SeedSettingExcessCapacityReservation
(Optional)

ExcessCapacityReservation controls the excess capacity reservation for shoot control planes in the seed.

scheduling
SeedSettingScheduling
(Optional)

Scheduling controls settings for scheduling decisions for the seed.

loadBalancerServices
SeedSettingLoadBalancerServices
(Optional)

LoadBalancerServices controls certain settings for services of type load balancer that are created in the seed.

verticalPodAutoscaler
SeedSettingVerticalPodAutoscaler
(Optional)

VerticalPodAutoscaler controls certain settings for the vertical pod autoscaler components deployed in the seed.

ownerChecks
SeedSettingOwnerChecks
(Optional)

SeedSettingOwnerChecks controls certain owner checks settings for shoots scheduled on this seed.

Deprecated: This field is deprecated. The “bad-case” control plane migration is being removed in favor of the HA Shoot control planes (see https://github.com/gardener/gardener/issues/6302). The field is locked to false (i.e. if the field value is true a validation error will be returned). In this way gardenlet will clean up all owner DNSRecords. Finally, the field will be removed from the API in a future version of Gardener.

dependencyWatchdog
SeedSettingDependencyWatchdog
(Optional)

DependencyWatchdog controls certain settings for the dependency-watchdog components deployed in the seed.

topologyAwareRouting
SeedSettingTopologyAwareRouting
(Optional)

TopologyAwareRouting controls certain settings for topology-aware traffic routing in the seed. See https://github.com/gardener/gardener/blob/master/docs/usage/topology_aware_routing.md.

SeedSpec

(Appears on: Seed, SeedTemplate)

SeedSpec is the specification of a Seed.

FieldDescription
backup
SeedBackup
(Optional)

Backup holds the object store configuration for the backups of shoot (currently only etcd). If it is not specified, then there won’t be any backups taken for shoots associated with this seed. If backup field is present in seed, then backups of the etcd from shoot control plane will be stored under the configured object store.

dns
SeedDNS

DNS contains DNS-relevant information about this seed cluster.

networks
SeedNetworks

Networks defines the pod, service and worker network of the Seed cluster.

provider
SeedProvider

Provider defines the provider type and region for this Seed cluster.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference
(Optional)

SecretRef is a reference to a Secret object containing the Kubeconfig of the Kubernetes cluster to be registered as Seed.

taints
[]SeedTaint
(Optional)

Taints describes taints on the seed.

volume
SeedVolume
(Optional)

Volume contains settings for persistentvolumes created in the seed cluster.

settings
SeedSettings
(Optional)

Settings contains certain settings for this seed cluster.

ingress
Ingress
(Optional)

Ingress configures Ingress specific settings of the Seed cluster. This field is immutable.

SeedStatus

(Appears on: Seed)

SeedStatus is the status of a Seed.

FieldDescription
gardener
Gardener
(Optional)

Gardener holds information about the Gardener which last acted on the Shoot.

kubernetesVersion
string
(Optional)

KubernetesVersion is the Kubernetes version of the seed cluster.

conditions
[]Condition
(Optional)

Conditions represents the latest available observations of a Seed’s current state.

observedGeneration
int64
(Optional)

ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this Seed. It corresponds to the Seed’s generation, which is updated on mutation by the API Server.

clusterIdentity
string
(Optional)

ClusterIdentity is the identity of the Seed cluster. This field is immutable.

capacity
Kubernetes core/v1.ResourceList
(Optional)

Capacity represents the total resources of a seed.

allocatable
Kubernetes core/v1.ResourceList
(Optional)

Allocatable represents the resources of a seed that are available for scheduling. Defaults to Capacity.

clientCertificateExpirationTimestamp
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

ClientCertificateExpirationTimestamp is the timestamp at which gardenlet’s client certificate expires.

SeedTaint

(Appears on: SeedSpec)

SeedTaint describes a taint on a seed.

FieldDescription
key
string

Key is the taint key to be applied to a seed.

value
string
(Optional)

Value is the taint value corresponding to the taint key.

SeedTemplate

SeedTemplate is a template for creating a Seed object.

FieldDescription
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional)

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
SeedSpec
(Optional)

Specification of the desired behavior of the Seed.



backup
SeedBackup
(Optional)

Backup holds the object store configuration for the backups of shoot (currently only etcd). If it is not specified, then there won’t be any backups taken for shoots associated with this seed. If backup field is present in seed, then backups of the etcd from shoot control plane will be stored under the configured object store.

dns
SeedDNS

DNS contains DNS-relevant information about this seed cluster.

networks
SeedNetworks

Networks defines the pod, service and worker network of the Seed cluster.

provider
SeedProvider

Provider defines the provider type and region for this Seed cluster.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference
(Optional)

SecretRef is a reference to a Secret object containing the Kubeconfig of the Kubernetes cluster to be registered as Seed.

taints
[]SeedTaint
(Optional)

Taints describes taints on the seed.

volume
SeedVolume
(Optional)

Volume contains settings for persistentvolumes created in the seed cluster.

settings
SeedSettings
(Optional)

Settings contains certain settings for this seed cluster.

ingress
Ingress
(Optional)

Ingress configures Ingress specific settings of the Seed cluster. This field is immutable.

SeedVolume

(Appears on: SeedSpec)

SeedVolume contains settings for persistentvolumes created in the seed cluster.

FieldDescription
minimumSize
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

MinimumSize defines the minimum size that should be used for PVCs in the seed.

providers
[]SeedVolumeProvider
(Optional)

Providers is a list of storage class provisioner types for the seed.

SeedVolumeProvider

(Appears on: SeedVolume)

SeedVolumeProvider is a storage class provisioner type.

FieldDescription
purpose
string

Purpose is the purpose of this provider.

name
string

Name is the name of the storage class provisioner type.

ServiceAccountConfig

(Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

ServiceAccountConfig is the kube-apiserver configuration for service accounts.

FieldDescription
issuer
string
(Optional)

Issuer is the identifier of the service account token issuer. The issuer will assert this identifier in “iss” claim of issued tokens. This value is used to generate new service account tokens. This value is a string or URI. Defaults to URI of the API server.

extendTokenExpiration
bool
(Optional)

ExtendTokenExpiration turns on projected service account expiration extension during token generation, which helps safe transition from legacy token to bound service account token feature. If this flag is enabled, admission injected tokens would be extended up to 1 year to prevent unexpected failure during transition, ignoring value of service-account-max-token-expiration.

maxTokenExpiration
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

MaxTokenExpiration is the maximum validity duration of a token created by the service account token issuer. If an otherwise valid TokenRequest with a validity duration larger than this value is requested, a token will be issued with a validity duration of this value. This field must be within [30d,90d].

acceptedIssuers
[]string
(Optional)

AcceptedIssuers is an additional set of issuers that are used to determine which service account tokens are accepted. These values are not used to generate new service account tokens. Only useful when service account tokens are also issued by another external system or a change of the current issuer that is used for generating tokens is being performed. This field is only available for Kubernetes v1.22 or later.

ServiceAccountKeyRotation

(Appears on: ShootCredentialsRotation)

ServiceAccountKeyRotation contains information about the service account key credential rotation.

FieldDescription
phase
CredentialsRotationPhase

Phase describes the phase of the service account key credential rotation.

lastCompletionTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastCompletionTime is the most recent time when the service account key credential rotation was successfully completed.

lastInitiationTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastInitiationTime is the most recent time when the service account key credential rotation was initiated.

lastInitiationFinishedTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastInitiationFinishedTime is the recent time when the certificate authority credential rotation initiation was completed.

lastCompletionTriggeredTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastCompletionTriggeredTime is the recent time when the certificate authority credential rotation completion was triggered.

ShootAdvertisedAddress

(Appears on: ShootStatus)

ShootAdvertisedAddress contains information for the shoot’s Kube API server.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name of the advertised address. e.g. external

url
string

The URL of the API Server. e.g. https://api.foo.bar or https://1.2.3.4

ShootCredentials

(Appears on: ShootStatus)

ShootCredentials contains information about the shoot credentials.

FieldDescription
rotation
ShootCredentialsRotation
(Optional)

Rotation contains information about the credential rotations.

ShootCredentialsRotation

(Appears on: ShootCredentials)

ShootCredentialsRotation contains information about the rotation of credentials.

FieldDescription
certificateAuthorities
CARotation
(Optional)

CertificateAuthorities contains information about the certificate authority credential rotation.

kubeconfig
ShootKubeconfigRotation
(Optional)

Kubeconfig contains information about the kubeconfig credential rotation.

sshKeypair
ShootSSHKeypairRotation
(Optional)

SSHKeypair contains information about the ssh-keypair credential rotation.

observability
ShootObservabilityRotation
(Optional)

Observability contains information about the observability credential rotation.

serviceAccountKey
ServiceAccountKeyRotation
(Optional)

ServiceAccountKey contains information about the service account key credential rotation.

etcdEncryptionKey
ETCDEncryptionKeyRotation
(Optional)

ETCDEncryptionKey contains information about the ETCD encryption key credential rotation.

ShootKubeconfigRotation

(Appears on: ShootCredentialsRotation)

ShootKubeconfigRotation contains information about the kubeconfig credential rotation.

FieldDescription
lastInitiationTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastInitiationTime is the most recent time when the kubeconfig credential rotation was initiated.

lastCompletionTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastCompletionTime is the most recent time when the kubeconfig credential rotation was successfully completed.

ShootMachineImage

(Appears on: Machine)

ShootMachineImage defines the name and the version of the shoot’s machine image in any environment. Has to be defined in the respective CloudProfile.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the name of the image.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the shoot’s individual configuration passed to an extension resource.

version
string
(Optional)

Version is the version of the shoot’s image. If version is not provided, it will be defaulted to the latest version from the CloudProfile.

ShootNetworks

(Appears on: SeedNetworks)

ShootNetworks contains the default networks CIDRs for shoots.

FieldDescription
pods
string
(Optional)

Pods is the CIDR of the pod network.

services
string
(Optional)

Services is the CIDR of the service network.

ShootObservabilityRotation

(Appears on: ShootCredentialsRotation)

ShootObservabilityRotation contains information about the observability credential rotation.

FieldDescription
lastInitiationTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastInitiationTime is the most recent time when the observability credential rotation was initiated.

lastCompletionTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastCompletionTime is the most recent time when the observability credential rotation was successfully completed.

ShootPurpose (string alias)

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

ShootPurpose is a type alias for string.

ShootSSHKeypairRotation

(Appears on: ShootCredentialsRotation)

ShootSSHKeypairRotation contains information about the ssh-keypair credential rotation.

FieldDescription
lastInitiationTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastInitiationTime is the most recent time when the ssh-keypair credential rotation was initiated.

lastCompletionTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastCompletionTime is the most recent time when the ssh-keypair credential rotation was successfully completed.

ShootSpec

(Appears on: Shoot, ShootTemplate)

ShootSpec is the specification of a Shoot.

FieldDescription
addons
Addons
(Optional)

Addons contains information about enabled/disabled addons and their configuration.

cloudProfileName
string

CloudProfileName is a name of a CloudProfile object. This field is immutable.

dns
DNS
(Optional)

DNS contains information about the DNS settings of the Shoot.

extensions
[]Extension
(Optional)

Extensions contain type and provider information for Shoot extensions.

hibernation
Hibernation
(Optional)

Hibernation contains information whether the Shoot is suspended or not.

kubernetes
Kubernetes

Kubernetes contains the version and configuration settings of the control plane components.

networking
Networking
(Optional)

Networking contains information about cluster networking such as CNI Plugin type, CIDRs, …etc.

maintenance
Maintenance
(Optional)

Maintenance contains information about the time window for maintenance operations and which operations should be performed.

monitoring
Monitoring
(Optional)

Monitoring contains information about custom monitoring configurations for the shoot.

provider
Provider

Provider contains all provider-specific and provider-relevant information.

purpose
ShootPurpose
(Optional)

Purpose is the purpose class for this cluster.

region
string

Region is a name of a region. This field is immutable.

secretBindingName
string
(Optional)

SecretBindingName is the name of the a SecretBinding that has a reference to the provider secret. The credentials inside the provider secret will be used to create the shoot in the respective account. This field is immutable.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName is the name of the seed cluster that runs the control plane of the Shoot. This field is immutable when the SeedChange feature gate is disabled.

seedSelector
SeedSelector
(Optional)

SeedSelector is an optional selector which must match a seed’s labels for the shoot to be scheduled on that seed.

resources
[]NamedResourceReference
(Optional)

Resources holds a list of named resource references that can be referred to in extension configs by their names.

tolerations
[]Toleration
(Optional)

Tolerations contains the tolerations for taints on seed clusters.

exposureClassName
string
(Optional)

ExposureClassName is the optional name of an exposure class to apply a control plane endpoint exposure strategy. This field is immutable.

systemComponents
SystemComponents
(Optional)

SystemComponents contains the settings of system components in the control or data plane of the Shoot cluster.

controlPlane
ControlPlane
(Optional)

ControlPlane contains general settings for the control plane of the shoot.

ShootStateSpec

(Appears on: ShootState)

ShootStateSpec is the specification of the ShootState.

FieldDescription
gardener
[]GardenerResourceData
(Optional)

Gardener holds the data required to generate resources deployed by the gardenlet

extensions
[]ExtensionResourceState
(Optional)

Extensions holds the state of custom resources reconciled by extension controllers in the seed

resources
[]ResourceData
(Optional)

Resources holds the data of resources referred to by extension controller states

ShootStatus

(Appears on: Shoot)

ShootStatus holds the most recently observed status of the Shoot cluster.

FieldDescription
conditions
[]Condition
(Optional)

Conditions represents the latest available observations of a Shoots’s current state.

constraints
[]Condition
(Optional)

Constraints represents conditions of a Shoot’s current state that constraint some operations on it.

gardener
Gardener

Gardener holds information about the Gardener which last acted on the Shoot.

hibernated
bool

IsHibernated indicates whether the Shoot is currently hibernated.

lastOperation
LastOperation
(Optional)

LastOperation holds information about the last operation on the Shoot.

lastErrors
[]LastError
(Optional)

LastErrors holds information about the last occurred error(s) during an operation.

observedGeneration
int64
(Optional)

ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this Shoot. It corresponds to the Shoot’s generation, which is updated on mutation by the API Server.

retryCycleStartTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

RetryCycleStartTime is the start time of the last retry cycle (used to determine how often an operation must be retried until we give up).

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName is the name of the seed cluster that runs the control plane of the Shoot. This value is only written after a successful create/reconcile operation. It will be used when control planes are moved between Seeds.

technicalID
string

TechnicalID is the name that is used for creating the Seed namespace, the infrastructure resources, and basically everything that is related to this particular Shoot. This field is immutable.

uid
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types.UID

UID is a unique identifier for the Shoot cluster to avoid portability between Kubernetes clusters. It is used to compute unique hashes. This field is immutable.

clusterIdentity
string
(Optional)

ClusterIdentity is the identity of the Shoot cluster. This field is immutable.

advertisedAddresses
[]ShootAdvertisedAddress
(Optional)

List of addresses on which the Kube API server can be reached.

migrationStartTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

MigrationStartTime is the time when a migration to a different seed was initiated.

credentials
ShootCredentials
(Optional)

Credentials contains information about the shoot credentials.

lastHibernationTriggerTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastHibernationTriggerTime indicates the last time when the hibernation controller managed to change the hibernation settings of the cluster

lastMaintenance
LastMaintenance
(Optional)

LastMaintenance holds information about the last maintenance operations on the Shoot.

ShootTemplate

ShootTemplate is a template for creating a Shoot object.

FieldDescription
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional)

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ShootSpec
(Optional)

Specification of the desired behavior of the Shoot.



addons
Addons
(Optional)

Addons contains information about enabled/disabled addons and their configuration.

cloudProfileName
string

CloudProfileName is a name of a CloudProfile object. This field is immutable.

dns
DNS
(Optional)

DNS contains information about the DNS settings of the Shoot.

extensions
[]Extension
(Optional)

Extensions contain type and provider information for Shoot extensions.

hibernation
Hibernation
(Optional)

Hibernation contains information whether the Shoot is suspended or not.

kubernetes
Kubernetes

Kubernetes contains the version and configuration settings of the control plane components.

networking
Networking
(Optional)

Networking contains information about cluster networking such as CNI Plugin type, CIDRs, …etc.

maintenance
Maintenance
(Optional)

Maintenance contains information about the time window for maintenance operations and which operations should be performed.

monitoring
Monitoring
(Optional)

Monitoring contains information about custom monitoring configurations for the shoot.

provider
Provider

Provider contains all provider-specific and provider-relevant information.

purpose
ShootPurpose
(Optional)

Purpose is the purpose class for this cluster.

region
string

Region is a name of a region. This field is immutable.

secretBindingName
string
(Optional)

SecretBindingName is the name of the a SecretBinding that has a reference to the provider secret. The credentials inside the provider secret will be used to create the shoot in the respective account. This field is immutable.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName is the name of the seed cluster that runs the control plane of the Shoot. This field is immutable when the SeedChange feature gate is disabled.

seedSelector
SeedSelector
(Optional)

SeedSelector is an optional selector which must match a seed’s labels for the shoot to be scheduled on that seed.

resources
[]NamedResourceReference
(Optional)

Resources holds a list of named resource references that can be referred to in extension configs by their names.

tolerations
[]Toleration
(Optional)

Tolerations contains the tolerations for taints on seed clusters.

exposureClassName
string
(Optional)

ExposureClassName is the optional name of an exposure class to apply a control plane endpoint exposure strategy. This field is immutable.

systemComponents
SystemComponents
(Optional)

SystemComponents contains the settings of system components in the control or data plane of the Shoot cluster.

controlPlane
ControlPlane
(Optional)

ControlPlane contains general settings for the control plane of the shoot.

SwapBehavior (string alias)

(Appears on: MemorySwapConfiguration)

SwapBehavior configures swap memory available to container workloads

SystemComponents

(Appears on: ShootSpec)

SystemComponents contains the settings of system components in the control or data plane of the Shoot cluster.

FieldDescription
coreDNS
CoreDNS
(Optional)

CoreDNS contains the settings of the Core DNS components running in the data plane of the Shoot cluster.

nodeLocalDNS
NodeLocalDNS
(Optional)

NodeLocalDNS contains the settings of the node local DNS components running in the data plane of the Shoot cluster.

Toleration

(Appears on: ExposureClassScheduling, ProjectTolerations, ShootSpec)

Toleration is a toleration for a seed taint.

FieldDescription
key
string

Key is the toleration key to be applied to a project or shoot.

value
string
(Optional)

Value is the toleration value corresponding to the toleration key.

VersionClassification (string alias)

(Appears on: ExpirableVersion)

VersionClassification is the logical state of a version.

VerticalPodAutoscaler

(Appears on: Kubernetes)

VerticalPodAutoscaler contains the configuration flags for the Kubernetes vertical pod autoscaler.

FieldDescription
enabled
bool

Enabled specifies whether the Kubernetes VPA shall be enabled for the shoot cluster.

evictAfterOOMThreshold
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

EvictAfterOOMThreshold defines the threshold that will lead to pod eviction in case it OOMed in less than the given threshold since its start and if it has only one container (default: 10m0s).

evictionRateBurst
int32
(Optional)

EvictionRateBurst defines the burst of pods that can be evicted (default: 1)

evictionRateLimit
float64
(Optional)

EvictionRateLimit defines the number of pods that can be evicted per second. A rate limit set to 0 or -1 will disable the rate limiter (default: -1).

evictionTolerance
float64
(Optional)

EvictionTolerance defines the fraction of replica count that can be evicted for update in case more than one pod can be evicted (default: 0.5).

recommendationMarginFraction
float64
(Optional)

RecommendationMarginFraction is the fraction of usage added as the safety margin to the recommended request (default: 0.15).

updaterInterval
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

UpdaterInterval is the interval how often the updater should run (default: 1m0s).

recommenderInterval
Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
(Optional)

RecommenderInterval is the interval how often metrics should be fetched (default: 1m0s).

Volume

(Appears on: Worker)

Volume contains information about the volume type, size, and encryption.

FieldDescription
name
string
(Optional)

Name of the volume to make it referencable.

type
string
(Optional)

Type is the type of the volume.

size
string

VolumeSize is the size of the volume.

encrypted
bool
(Optional)

Encrypted determines if the volume should be encrypted.

VolumeType

(Appears on: CloudProfileSpec)

VolumeType contains certain properties of a volume type.

FieldDescription
class
string

Class is the class of the volume type.

name
string

Name is the name of the volume type.

usable
bool
(Optional)

Usable defines if the volume type can be used for shoot clusters.

minSize
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
(Optional)

MinSize is the minimal supported storage size.

WatchCacheSizes

(Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

WatchCacheSizes contains configuration of the API server’s watch cache sizes.

FieldDescription
default
int32
(Optional)

Default configures the default watch cache size of the kube-apiserver (flag --default-watch-cache-size, defaults to 100). See: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-apiserver/

resources
[]ResourceWatchCacheSize
(Optional)

Resources configures the watch cache size of the kube-apiserver per resource (flag --watch-cache-sizes). See: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-apiserver/

Worker

(Appears on: Provider)

Worker is the base definition of a worker group.

FieldDescription
annotations
map[string]string
(Optional)

Annotations is a map of key/value pairs for annotations for all the Node objects in this worker pool.

caBundle
string
(Optional)

CABundle is a certificate bundle which will be installed onto every machine of this worker pool.

cri
CRI
(Optional)

CRI contains configurations of CRI support of every machine in the worker pool. Defaults to a CRI with name containerd when the Kubernetes version of the Shoot is >= 1.22.

kubernetes
WorkerKubernetes
(Optional)

Kubernetes contains configuration for Kubernetes components related to this worker pool.

labels
map[string]string
(Optional)

Labels is a map of key/value pairs for labels for all the Node objects in this worker pool.

name
string

Name is the name of the worker group.

machine
Machine

Machine contains information about the machine type and image.

maximum
int32

Maximum is the maximum number of VMs to create.

minimum
int32

Minimum is the minimum number of VMs to create.

maxSurge
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/intstr.IntOrString
(Optional)

MaxSurge is maximum number of VMs that are created during an update.

maxUnavailable
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/intstr.IntOrString
(Optional)

MaxUnavailable is the maximum number of VMs that can be unavailable during an update.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the provider-specific configuration for this worker pool.

taints
[]Kubernetes core/v1.Taint
(Optional)

Taints is a list of taints for all the Node objects in this worker pool.

volume
Volume
(Optional)

Volume contains information about the volume type and size.

dataVolumes
[]DataVolume
(Optional)

DataVolumes contains a list of additional worker volumes.

kubeletDataVolumeName
string
(Optional)

KubeletDataVolumeName contains the name of a dataVolume that should be used for storing kubelet state.

zones
[]string
(Optional)

Zones is a list of availability zones that are used to evenly distribute this worker pool. Optional as not every provider may support availability zones.

systemComponents
WorkerSystemComponents
(Optional)

SystemComponents contains configuration for system components related to this worker pool

machineControllerManager
MachineControllerManagerSettings
(Optional)

MachineControllerManagerSettings contains configurations for different worker-pools. Eg. MachineDrainTimeout, MachineHealthTimeout.

sysctls
map[string]string
(Optional)

Sysctls is a map of kernel settings to apply on all VMs in this worker pool.

WorkerKubernetes

(Appears on: Worker)

WorkerKubernetes contains configuration for Kubernetes components related to this worker pool.

FieldDescription
kubelet
KubeletConfig
(Optional)

Kubelet contains configuration settings for all kubelets of this worker pool. If set, all spec.kubernetes.kubelet settings will be overwritten for this worker pool (no merge of settings).

version
string
(Optional)

Version is the semantic Kubernetes version to use for the Kubelet in this Worker Group. If not specified the kubelet version is derived from the global shoot cluster kubernetes version. version must be equal or lower than the version of the shoot kubernetes version. Only one minor version difference to other worker groups and global kubernetes version is allowed.

WorkerSystemComponents

(Appears on: Worker)

WorkerSystemComponents contains configuration for system components related to this worker pool

FieldDescription
allow
bool

Allow determines whether the pool should be allowed to host system components or not (defaults to true)

WorkersSettings

(Appears on: Provider)

WorkersSettings contains settings for all workers.

FieldDescription
sshAccess
SSHAccess
(Optional)

SSHAccess contains settings regarding ssh access to the worker nodes.


Generated with gen-crd-api-reference-docs

1.3 - Extensions

Packages:

extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1

Package v1alpha1 is the v1alpha1 version of the API.

Resource Types:

BackupBucket

BackupBucket is a specification for backup bucket.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
BackupBucket
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional) Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
BackupBucketSpec

Specification of the BackupBucket. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

region
string

Region is the region of this bucket. This field is immutable.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the credentials to access object store.

status
BackupBucketStatus
(Optional)

BackupEntry

BackupEntry is a specification for backup Entry.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
BackupEntry
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional) Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
BackupEntrySpec

Specification of the BackupEntry. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

backupBucketProviderStatus
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

BackupBucketProviderStatus contains the provider status that has been generated by the controller responsible for the BackupBucket resource.

region
string

Region is the region of this Entry. This field is immutable.

bucketName
string

BucketName is the name of backup bucket for this Backup Entry.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the credentials to access object store.

status
BackupEntryStatus
(Optional)

Bastion

Bastion is a bastion or jump host that is dynamically created to provide SSH access to shoot nodes.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
Bastion
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional) Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
BastionSpec

Spec is the specification of this Bastion. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

userData
[]byte

UserData is the base64-encoded user data for the bastion instance. This should contain code to provision the SSH key on the bastion instance. This field is immutable.

ingress
[]BastionIngressPolicy

Ingress controls from where the created bastion host should be reachable.

status
BastionStatus
(Optional)

Status is the bastion’s status.

Cluster

Cluster is a specification for a Cluster resource.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
Cluster
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ClusterSpec


cloudProfile
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension

CloudProfile is a raw extension field that contains the cloudprofile resource referenced by the shoot that has to be reconciled.

seed
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension

Seed is a raw extension field that contains the seed resource referenced by the shoot that has to be reconciled.

shoot
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension

Shoot is a raw extension field that contains the shoot resource that has to be reconciled.

ContainerRuntime

ContainerRuntime is a specification for a container runtime resource.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
ContainerRuntime
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional) Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ContainerRuntimeSpec

Specification of the ContainerRuntime. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



binaryPath
string

BinaryPath is the Worker’s machine path where container runtime extensions should copy the binaries to.

workerPool
ContainerRuntimeWorkerPool

WorkerPool identifies the worker pool of the Shoot. For each worker pool and type, Gardener deploys a ContainerRuntime CRD.

DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

status
ContainerRuntimeStatus
(Optional)

ControlPlane

ControlPlane is a specification for a ControlPlane resource.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
ControlPlane
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ControlPlaneSpec

Specification of the ControlPlane. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

purpose
Purpose
(Optional)

Purpose contains the data if a cloud provider needs additional components in order to expose the control plane. This field is immutable.

infrastructureProviderStatus
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

InfrastructureProviderStatus contains the provider status that has been generated by the controller responsible for the Infrastructure resource.

region
string

Region is the region of this control plane. This field is immutable.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the cloud provider specific credentials.

status
ControlPlaneStatus
(Optional)

DNSRecord

DNSRecord is a specification for a DNSRecord resource.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
DNSRecord
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
DNSRecordSpec

Specification of the DNSRecord. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the cloud provider specific credentials.

region
string
(Optional)

Region is the region of this DNS record. If not specified, the region specified in SecretRef will be used. If that is also not specified, the extension controller will use its default region.

zone
string
(Optional)

Zone is the DNS hosted zone of this DNS record. If not specified, it will be determined automatically by getting all hosted zones of the account and searching for the longest zone name that is a suffix of Name.

name
string

Name is the fully qualified domain name, e.g. “api.”. This field is immutable.

recordType
DNSRecordType

RecordType is the DNS record type. Only A, CNAME, and TXT records are currently supported. This field is immutable.

values
[]string

Values is a list of IP addresses for A records, a single hostname for CNAME records, or a list of texts for TXT records.

ttl
int64
(Optional)

TTL is the time to live in seconds. Defaults to 120.

status
DNSRecordStatus
(Optional)

Extension

Extension is a specification for a Extension resource.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
Extension
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional) Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
ExtensionSpec

Specification of the Extension. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

status
ExtensionStatus
(Optional)

Infrastructure

Infrastructure is a specification for cloud provider infrastructure.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
Infrastructure
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional) Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
InfrastructureSpec

Specification of the Infrastructure. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

region
string

Region is the region of this infrastructure. This field is immutable.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the cloud provider credentials.

sshPublicKey
[]byte
(Optional)

SSHPublicKey is the public SSH key that should be used with this infrastructure.

status
InfrastructureStatus
(Optional)

Network

Network is the specification for cluster networking.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
Network
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional) Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
NetworkSpec

Specification of the Network. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

podCIDR
string

PodCIDR defines the CIDR that will be used for pods. This field is immutable.

serviceCIDR
string

ServiceCIDR defines the CIDR that will be used for services. This field is immutable.

ipFamilies
[]IPFamily
(Optional)

IPFamilies specifies the IP protocol versions to use for shoot networking. This field is immutable. See https://github.com/gardener/gardener/blob/master/docs/usage/ipv6.md

status
NetworkStatus
(Optional)

OperatingSystemConfig

OperatingSystemConfig is a specification for a OperatingSystemConfig resource

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
OperatingSystemConfig
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional) Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
OperatingSystemConfigSpec

Specification of the OperatingSystemConfig. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



criConfig
CRIConfig
(Optional)

CRI config is a structure contains configurations of the CRI library

DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

purpose
OperatingSystemConfigPurpose

Purpose describes how the result of this OperatingSystemConfig is used by Gardener. Either it gets sent to the Worker extension controller to bootstrap a VM, or it is downloaded by the cloud-config-downloader script already running on a bootstrapped VM. This field is immutable.

reloadConfigFilePath
string
(Optional)

ReloadConfigFilePath is the path to the generated operating system configuration. If set, controllers are asked to use it when determining the .status.command of this resource. For example, if for CoreOS the reload-path might be “/var/lib/config”; then the controller shall set .status.command to “/usr/bin/coreos-cloudinit –from-file=/var/lib/config”.

units
[]Unit
(Optional)

Units is a list of unit for the operating system configuration (usually, a systemd unit).

files
[]File
(Optional)

Files is a list of files that should get written to the host’s file system.

status
OperatingSystemConfigStatus
(Optional)

Worker

Worker is a specification for a Worker resource.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
Worker
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
(Optional) Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
WorkerSpec

Specification of the Worker. If the object’s deletion timestamp is set, this field is immutable.



DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

infrastructureProviderStatus
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

InfrastructureProviderStatus is a raw extension field that contains the provider status that has been generated by the controller responsible for the Infrastructure resource.

region
string

Region is the name of the region where the worker pool should be deployed to. This field is immutable.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the cloud provider specific credentials.

sshPublicKey
[]byte
(Optional)

SSHPublicKey is the public SSH key that should be used with these workers.

pools
[]WorkerPool

Pools is a list of worker pools.

status
WorkerStatus
(Optional)

BackupBucketSpec

(Appears on: BackupBucket)

BackupBucketSpec is the spec for an BackupBucket resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

region
string

Region is the region of this bucket. This field is immutable.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the credentials to access object store.

BackupBucketStatus

(Appears on: BackupBucket)

BackupBucketStatus is the status for an BackupBucket resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

generatedSecretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference
(Optional)

GeneratedSecretRef is reference to the secret generated by backup bucket, which will have object store specific credentials.

BackupEntrySpec

(Appears on: BackupEntry)

BackupEntrySpec is the spec for an BackupEntry resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

backupBucketProviderStatus
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

BackupBucketProviderStatus contains the provider status that has been generated by the controller responsible for the BackupBucket resource.

region
string

Region is the region of this Entry. This field is immutable.

bucketName
string

BucketName is the name of backup bucket for this Backup Entry.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the credentials to access object store.

BackupEntryStatus

(Appears on: BackupEntry)

BackupEntryStatus is the status for an BackupEntry resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

BastionIngressPolicy

(Appears on: BastionSpec)

BastionIngressPolicy represents an ingress policy for SSH bastion hosts.

FieldDescription
ipBlock
Kubernetes networking/v1.IPBlock

IPBlock defines an IP block that is allowed to access the bastion.

BastionSpec

(Appears on: Bastion)

BastionSpec contains the specification for an SSH bastion host.

FieldDescription
DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

userData
[]byte

UserData is the base64-encoded user data for the bastion instance. This should contain code to provision the SSH key on the bastion instance. This field is immutable.

ingress
[]BastionIngressPolicy

Ingress controls from where the created bastion host should be reachable.

BastionStatus

(Appears on: Bastion)

BastionStatus holds the most recently observed status of the Bastion.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

ingress
Kubernetes core/v1.LoadBalancerIngress
(Optional)

Ingress is the external IP and/or hostname of the bastion host.

CRIConfig

(Appears on: OperatingSystemConfigSpec)

CRIConfig contains configurations of the CRI library.

FieldDescription
name
CRIName

Name is a mandatory string containing the name of the CRI library. Supported values are docker and containerd.

CRIName (string alias)

(Appears on: CRIConfig)

CRIName is a type alias for the CRI name string.

CloudConfig

(Appears on: OperatingSystemConfigStatus)

CloudConfig contains the generated output for the given operating system config spec. It contains a reference to a secret as the result may contain confidential data.

FieldDescription
secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the actual result of the generated cloud config.

ClusterSpec

(Appears on: Cluster)

ClusterSpec is the spec for a Cluster resource.

FieldDescription
cloudProfile
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension

CloudProfile is a raw extension field that contains the cloudprofile resource referenced by the shoot that has to be reconciled.

seed
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension

Seed is a raw extension field that contains the seed resource referenced by the shoot that has to be reconciled.

shoot
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension

Shoot is a raw extension field that contains the shoot resource that has to be reconciled.

ContainerRuntimeSpec

(Appears on: ContainerRuntime)

ContainerRuntimeSpec is the spec for a ContainerRuntime resource.

FieldDescription
binaryPath
string

BinaryPath is the Worker’s machine path where container runtime extensions should copy the binaries to.

workerPool
ContainerRuntimeWorkerPool

WorkerPool identifies the worker pool of the Shoot. For each worker pool and type, Gardener deploys a ContainerRuntime CRD.

DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

ContainerRuntimeStatus

(Appears on: ContainerRuntime)

ContainerRuntimeStatus is the status for a ContainerRuntime resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

ContainerRuntimeWorkerPool

(Appears on: ContainerRuntimeSpec)

ContainerRuntimeWorkerPool identifies a Shoot worker pool by its name and selector.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name specifies the name of the worker pool the container runtime should be available for. This field is immutable.

selector
Kubernetes meta/v1.LabelSelector

Selector is the label selector used by the extension to match the nodes belonging to the worker pool.

ControlPlaneSpec

(Appears on: ControlPlane)

ControlPlaneSpec is the spec of a ControlPlane resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

purpose
Purpose
(Optional)

Purpose contains the data if a cloud provider needs additional components in order to expose the control plane. This field is immutable.

infrastructureProviderStatus
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

InfrastructureProviderStatus contains the provider status that has been generated by the controller responsible for the Infrastructure resource.

region
string

Region is the region of this control plane. This field is immutable.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the cloud provider specific credentials.

ControlPlaneStatus

(Appears on: ControlPlane)

ControlPlaneStatus is the status of a ControlPlane resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

DNSRecordSpec

(Appears on: DNSRecord)

DNSRecordSpec is the spec of a DNSRecord resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the cloud provider specific credentials.

region
string
(Optional)

Region is the region of this DNS record. If not specified, the region specified in SecretRef will be used. If that is also not specified, the extension controller will use its default region.

zone
string
(Optional)

Zone is the DNS hosted zone of this DNS record. If not specified, it will be determined automatically by getting all hosted zones of the account and searching for the longest zone name that is a suffix of Name.

name
string

Name is the fully qualified domain name, e.g. “api.”. This field is immutable.

recordType
DNSRecordType

RecordType is the DNS record type. Only A, CNAME, and TXT records are currently supported. This field is immutable.

values
[]string

Values is a list of IP addresses for A records, a single hostname for CNAME records, or a list of texts for TXT records.

ttl
int64
(Optional)

TTL is the time to live in seconds. Defaults to 120.

DNSRecordStatus

(Appears on: DNSRecord)

DNSRecordStatus is the status of a DNSRecord resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

zone
string
(Optional)

Zone is the DNS hosted zone of this DNS record.

DNSRecordType (string alias)

(Appears on: DNSRecordSpec)

DNSRecordType is a string alias.

DataVolume

(Appears on: WorkerPool)

DataVolume contains information about a data volume.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name of the volume to make it referencable.

type
string
(Optional)

Type is the type of the volume.

size
string

Size is the of the root volume.

encrypted
bool
(Optional)

Encrypted determines if the volume should be encrypted.

DefaultSpec

(Appears on: BackupBucketSpec, BackupEntrySpec, BastionSpec, ContainerRuntimeSpec, ControlPlaneSpec, DNSRecordSpec, ExtensionSpec, InfrastructureSpec, NetworkSpec, OperatingSystemConfigSpec, WorkerSpec)

DefaultSpec contains common status fields for every extension resource.

FieldDescription
type
string

Type contains the instance of the resource’s kind.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is the provider specific configuration.

DefaultStatus

(Appears on: BackupBucketStatus, BackupEntryStatus, BastionStatus, ContainerRuntimeStatus, ControlPlaneStatus, DNSRecordStatus, ExtensionStatus, InfrastructureStatus, NetworkStatus, OperatingSystemConfigStatus, WorkerStatus)

DefaultStatus contains common status fields for every extension resource.

FieldDescription
providerStatus
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderStatus contains provider-specific status.

conditions
[]github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.Condition
(Optional)

Conditions represents the latest available observations of a Seed’s current state.

lastError
github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.LastError
(Optional)

LastError holds information about the last occurred error during an operation.

lastOperation
github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.LastOperation
(Optional)

LastOperation holds information about the last operation on the resource.

observedGeneration
int64

ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this resource.

state
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

State can be filled by the operating controller with what ever data it needs.

resources
[]github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.NamedResourceReference
(Optional)

Resources holds a list of named resource references that can be referred to in the state by their names.

DropIn

(Appears on: Unit)

DropIn is a drop-in configuration for a systemd unit.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the name of the drop-in.

content
string

Content is the content of the drop-in.

ExtensionSpec

(Appears on: Extension)

ExtensionSpec is the spec for a Extension resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

ExtensionStatus

(Appears on: Extension)

ExtensionStatus is the status for a Extension resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

File

(Appears on: OperatingSystemConfigSpec)

File is a file that should get written to the host’s file system. The content can either be inlined or referenced from a secret in the same namespace.

FieldDescription
path
string

Path is the path of the file system where the file should get written to.

permissions
int32
(Optional)

Permissions describes with which permissions the file should get written to the file system. Should be defaulted to octal 0644.

content
FileContent

Content describe the file’s content.

FileCodecID (string alias)

FileCodecID is the id of a FileCodec for cloud-init scripts.

FileContent

(Appears on: File)

FileContent can either reference a secret or contain inline configuration.

FieldDescription
secretRef
FileContentSecretRef
(Optional)

SecretRef is a struct that contains information about the referenced secret.

inline
FileContentInline
(Optional)

Inline is a struct that contains information about the inlined data.

transmitUnencoded
bool
(Optional)

TransmitUnencoded set to true will ensure that the os-extension does not encode the file content when sent to the node. This for example can be used to manipulate the clear-text content before it reaches the node.

FileContentInline

(Appears on: FileContent)

FileContentInline contains keys for inlining a file content’s data and encoding.

FieldDescription
encoding
string

Encoding is the file’s encoding (e.g. base64).

data
string

Data is the file’s data.

FileContentSecretRef

(Appears on: FileContent)

FileContentSecretRef contains keys for referencing a file content’s data from a secret in the same namespace.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the name of the secret.

dataKey
string

DataKey is the key in the secret’s .data field that should be read.

IPFamily (string alias)

(Appears on: NetworkSpec)

IPFamily is a type for specifying an IP protocol version to use in Gardener clusters.

InfrastructureSpec

(Appears on: Infrastructure)

InfrastructureSpec is the spec for an Infrastructure resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

region
string

Region is the region of this infrastructure. This field is immutable.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the cloud provider credentials.

sshPublicKey
[]byte
(Optional)

SSHPublicKey is the public SSH key that should be used with this infrastructure.

InfrastructureStatus

(Appears on: Infrastructure)

InfrastructureStatus is the status for an Infrastructure resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

nodesCIDR
string
(Optional)

NodesCIDR is the CIDR of the node network that was optionally created by the acting extension controller. This might be needed in environments in which the CIDR for the network for the shoot worker node cannot be statically defined in the Shoot resource but must be computed dynamically.

MachineDeployment

(Appears on: WorkerStatus)

MachineDeployment is a created machine deployment.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the name of the MachineDeployment resource.

minimum
int32

Minimum is the minimum number for this machine deployment.

maximum
int32

Maximum is the maximum number for this machine deployment.

MachineImage

(Appears on: WorkerPool)

MachineImage contains logical information about the name and the version of the machie image that should be used. The logical information must be mapped to the provider-specific information (e.g., AMIs, …) by the provider itself.

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the logical name of the machine image.

version
string

Version is the version of the machine image.

NetworkSpec

(Appears on: Network)

NetworkSpec is the spec for an Network resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

podCIDR
string

PodCIDR defines the CIDR that will be used for pods. This field is immutable.

serviceCIDR
string

ServiceCIDR defines the CIDR that will be used for services. This field is immutable.

ipFamilies
[]IPFamily
(Optional)

IPFamilies specifies the IP protocol versions to use for shoot networking. This field is immutable. See https://github.com/gardener/gardener/blob/master/docs/usage/ipv6.md

NetworkStatus

(Appears on: Network)

NetworkStatus is the status for an Network resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

NodeTemplate

(Appears on: WorkerPool)

NodeTemplate contains information about the expected node properties.

FieldDescription
capacity
Kubernetes core/v1.ResourceList

Capacity represents the expected Node capacity.

Object

Object is an extension object resource.

OperatingSystemConfigPurpose (string alias)

(Appears on: OperatingSystemConfigSpec)

OperatingSystemConfigPurpose is a string alias.

OperatingSystemConfigSpec

(Appears on: OperatingSystemConfig)

OperatingSystemConfigSpec is the spec for a OperatingSystemConfig resource.

FieldDescription
criConfig
CRIConfig
(Optional)

CRI config is a structure contains configurations of the CRI library

DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

purpose
OperatingSystemConfigPurpose

Purpose describes how the result of this OperatingSystemConfig is used by Gardener. Either it gets sent to the Worker extension controller to bootstrap a VM, or it is downloaded by the cloud-config-downloader script already running on a bootstrapped VM. This field is immutable.

reloadConfigFilePath
string
(Optional)

ReloadConfigFilePath is the path to the generated operating system configuration. If set, controllers are asked to use it when determining the .status.command of this resource. For example, if for CoreOS the reload-path might be “/var/lib/config”; then the controller shall set .status.command to “/usr/bin/coreos-cloudinit –from-file=/var/lib/config”.

units
[]Unit
(Optional)

Units is a list of unit for the operating system configuration (usually, a systemd unit).

files
[]File
(Optional)

Files is a list of files that should get written to the host’s file system.

OperatingSystemConfigStatus

(Appears on: OperatingSystemConfig)

OperatingSystemConfigStatus is the status for a OperatingSystemConfig resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

cloudConfig
CloudConfig
(Optional)

CloudConfig is a structure for containing the generated output for the given operating system config spec. It contains a reference to a secret as the result may contain confidential data.

command
string
(Optional)

Command is the command whose execution renews/reloads the cloud config on an existing VM, e.g. “/usr/bin/reload-cloud-config -from-file=”. The is optionally provided by Gardener in the .spec.reloadConfigFilePath field.

units
[]string
(Optional)

Units is a list of systemd unit names that are part of the generated Cloud Config and shall be restarted when a new version has been downloaded.

Purpose (string alias)

(Appears on: ControlPlaneSpec)

Purpose is a string alias.

Spec

Spec is the spec section of an Object.

Status

Status is the status of an Object.

Unit

(Appears on: OperatingSystemConfigSpec)

Unit is a unit for the operating system configuration (usually, a systemd unit).

FieldDescription
name
string

Name is the name of a unit.

command
string
(Optional)

Command is the unit’s command.

enable
bool
(Optional)

Enable describes whether the unit is enabled or not.

content
string
(Optional)

Content is the unit’s content.

dropIns
[]DropIn
(Optional)

DropIns is a list of drop-ins for this unit.

Volume

(Appears on: WorkerPool)

Volume contains information about the root disks that should be used for worker pools.

FieldDescription
name
string
(Optional)

Name of the volume to make it referencable.

type
string
(Optional)

Type is the type of the volume.

size
string

Size is the of the root volume.

encrypted
bool
(Optional)

Encrypted determines if the volume should be encrypted.

WorkerPool

(Appears on: WorkerSpec)

WorkerPool is the definition of a specific worker pool.

FieldDescription
machineType
string

MachineType contains information about the machine type that should be used for this worker pool.

maximum
int32

Maximum is the maximum size of the worker pool.

maxSurge
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/intstr.IntOrString

MaxSurge is maximum number of VMs that are created during an update.

maxUnavailable
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/intstr.IntOrString

MaxUnavailable is the maximum number of VMs that can be unavailable during an update.

annotations
map[string]string
(Optional)

Annotations is a map of key/value pairs for annotations for all the Node objects in this worker pool.

labels
map[string]string
(Optional)

Labels is a map of key/value pairs for labels for all the Node objects in this worker pool.

taints
[]Kubernetes core/v1.Taint
(Optional)

Taints is a list of taints for all the Node objects in this worker pool.

machineImage
MachineImage

MachineImage contains logical information about the name and the version of the machie image that should be used. The logical information must be mapped to the provider-specific information (e.g., AMIs, …) by the provider itself.

minimum
int32

Minimum is the minimum size of the worker pool.

name
string

Name is the name of this worker pool.

providerConfig
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

ProviderConfig is a provider specific configuration for the worker pool.

userData
[]byte

UserData is a base64-encoded string that contains the data that is sent to the provider’s APIs when a new machine/VM that is part of this worker pool shall be spawned.

volume
Volume
(Optional)

Volume contains information about the root disks that should be used for this worker pool.

dataVolumes
[]DataVolume
(Optional)

DataVolumes contains a list of additional worker volumes.

kubeletDataVolumeName
string
(Optional)

KubeletDataVolumeName contains the name of a dataVolume that should be used for storing kubelet state.

zones
[]string
(Optional)

Zones contains information about availability zones for this worker pool.

machineControllerManager
github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.MachineControllerManagerSettings
(Optional)

MachineControllerManagerSettings contains configurations for different worker-pools. Eg. MachineDrainTimeout, MachineHealthTimeout.

kubernetesVersion
string
(Optional)

KubernetesVersion is the kubernetes version in this worker pool

nodeTemplate
NodeTemplate
(Optional)

NodeTemplate contains resource information of the machine which is used by Cluster Autoscaler to generate nodeTemplate during scaling a nodeGroup from zero

architecture
string
(Optional)

Architecture is the CPU architecture of the worker pool machines and machine image.

WorkerSpec

(Appears on: Worker)

WorkerSpec is the spec for a Worker resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultSpec
DefaultSpec

(Members of DefaultSpec are embedded into this type.)

DefaultSpec is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

infrastructureProviderStatus
k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
(Optional)

InfrastructureProviderStatus is a raw extension field that contains the provider status that has been generated by the controller responsible for the Infrastructure resource.

region
string

Region is the name of the region where the worker pool should be deployed to. This field is immutable.

secretRef
Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

SecretRef is a reference to a secret that contains the cloud provider specific credentials.

sshPublicKey
[]byte
(Optional)

SSHPublicKey is the public SSH key that should be used with these workers.

pools
[]WorkerPool

Pools is a list of worker pools.

WorkerStatus

(Appears on: Worker)

WorkerStatus is the status for a Worker resource.

FieldDescription
DefaultStatus
DefaultStatus

(Members of DefaultStatus are embedded into this type.)

DefaultStatus is a structure containing common fields used by all extension resources.

machineDeployments
[]MachineDeployment

MachineDeployments is a list of created machine deployments. It will be used to e.g. configure the cluster-autoscaler properly.

machineDeploymentsLastUpdateTime
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

MachineDeploymentsLastUpdateTime is the timestamp when the status.MachineDeployments slice was last updated.


Generated with gen-crd-api-reference-docs

1.4 - Operations

Packages:

operations.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1

Package v1alpha1 is a version of the API.

Resource Types:

Bastion

Bastion holds details about an SSH bastion for a shoot cluster.

FieldDescription
apiVersion
string
operations.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
kind
string
Bastion
metadata
Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

Standard object metadata.

Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
spec
BastionSpec

Specification of the Bastion.



shootRef
Kubernetes core/v1.LocalObjectReference

ShootRef defines the target shoot for a Bastion. The name field of the ShootRef is immutable.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName is the name of the seed to which this Bastion is currently scheduled. This field is populated at the beginning of a create/reconcile operation.

providerType
string
(Optional)

ProviderType is cloud provider used by the referenced Shoot.

sshPublicKey
string

SSHPublicKey is the user’s public key. This field is immutable.

ingress
[]BastionIngressPolicy

Ingress controls from where the created bastion host should be reachable.

status
BastionStatus
(Optional)

Most recently observed status of the Bastion.

BastionIngressPolicy

(Appears on: BastionSpec)

BastionIngressPolicy represents an ingress policy for SSH bastion hosts.

FieldDescription
ipBlock
Kubernetes networking/v1.IPBlock

IPBlock defines an IP block that is allowed to access the bastion.

BastionSpec

(Appears on: Bastion)

BastionSpec is the specification of a Bastion.

FieldDescription
shootRef
Kubernetes core/v1.LocalObjectReference

ShootRef defines the target shoot for a Bastion. The name field of the ShootRef is immutable.

seedName
string
(Optional)

SeedName is the name of the seed to which this Bastion is currently scheduled. This field is populated at the beginning of a create/reconcile operation.

providerType
string
(Optional)

ProviderType is cloud provider used by the referenced Shoot.

sshPublicKey
string

SSHPublicKey is the user’s public key. This field is immutable.

ingress
[]BastionIngressPolicy

Ingress controls from where the created bastion host should be reachable.

BastionStatus

(Appears on: Bastion)

BastionStatus holds the most recently observed status of the Bastion.

FieldDescription
ingress
Kubernetes core/v1.LoadBalancerIngress
(Optional)

Ingress holds the public IP and/or hostname of the bastion instance.

conditions
[]github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.Condition
(Optional)

Conditions represents the latest available observations of a Bastion’s current state.

lastHeartbeatTimestamp
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

LastHeartbeatTimestamp is the time when the bastion was last marked as not to be deleted. When this is set, the ExpirationTimestamp is advanced as well.

expirationTimestamp
Kubernetes meta/v1.Time
(Optional)

ExpirationTimestamp is the time after which a Bastion is supposed to be garbage collected.

observedGeneration
int64
(Optional)

ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this Bastion. It corresponds to the Bastion’s generation, which is updated on mutation by the API Server.


Generated with gen-crd-api-reference-docs

1.5 - Operator

Packages:

operator.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1

Package v1alpha1 contains the configuration of the Gardener Operator.

Resource Types:

    AuditWebhook

    (Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

    AuditWebhook contains settings related to an audit webhook configuration.

    FieldDescription
    batchMaxSize
    int32
    (Optional)

    BatchMaxSize is the maximum size of a batch.

    kubeconfigSecretName
    string

    KubeconfigSecretName specifies the name of a secret containing the kubeconfig for this webhook.

    version
    string
    (Optional)

    Version is the API version to send and expect from the webhook.

    Authentication

    (Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

    Authentication contains settings related to authentication.

    FieldDescription
    webhook
    AuthenticationWebhook
    (Optional)

    Webhook contains settings related to an authentication webhook configuration.

    AuthenticationWebhook

    (Appears on: Authentication)

    AuthenticationWebhook contains settings related to an authentication webhook configuration.

    FieldDescription
    cacheTTL
    Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
    (Optional)

    CacheTTL is the duration to cache responses from the webhook authenticator.

    kubeconfigSecretName
    string

    KubeconfigSecretName specifies the name of a secret containing the kubeconfig for this webhook.

    version
    string
    (Optional)

    Version is the API version to send and expect from the webhook.

    Authorization

    (Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

    Authorization contains settings related to authorization.

    FieldDescription
    webhook
    AuthorizationWebhook
    (Optional)

    Webhook contains settings related to an authorization webhook configuration.

    AuthorizationWebhook

    (Appears on: Authorization)

    AuthorizationWebhook contains settings related to an authorization webhook configuration.

    FieldDescription
    cacheAuthorizedTTL
    Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
    (Optional)

    CacheAuthorizedTTL is the duration to cache ‘authorized’ responses from the webhook authorizer.

    cacheUnauthorizedTTL
    Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
    (Optional)

    CacheUnauthorizedTTL is the duration to cache ‘unauthorized’ responses from the webhook authorizer.

    kubeconfigSecretName
    string

    KubeconfigSecretName specifies the name of a secret containing the kubeconfig for this webhook.

    version
    string
    (Optional)

    Version is the API version to send and expect from the webhook.

    Backup

    (Appears on: ETCDMain)

    Backup contains the object store configuration for backups for the virtual garden etcd.

    FieldDescription
    provider
    string

    Provider is a provider name. This field is immutable.

    bucketName
    string

    BucketName is the name of the backup bucket.

    secretRef
    Kubernetes core/v1.SecretReference

    SecretRef is a reference to a Secret object containing the cloud provider credentials for the object store where backups should be stored. It should have enough privileges to manipulate the objects as well as buckets.

    ControlPlane

    (Appears on: VirtualCluster)

    ControlPlane holds information about the general settings for the control plane of the virtual garden cluster.

    FieldDescription
    highAvailability
    HighAvailability
    (Optional)

    HighAvailability holds the configuration settings for high availability settings.

    Credentials

    (Appears on: GardenStatus)

    Credentials contains information about the virtual garden cluster credentials.

    FieldDescription
    rotation
    CredentialsRotation
    (Optional)

    Rotation contains information about the credential rotations.

    CredentialsRotation

    (Appears on: Credentials)

    CredentialsRotation contains information about the rotation of credentials.

    FieldDescription
    certificateAuthorities
    github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.CARotation
    (Optional)

    CertificateAuthorities contains information about the certificate authority credential rotation.

    serviceAccountKey
    github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.ServiceAccountKeyRotation
    (Optional)

    ServiceAccountKey contains information about the service account key credential rotation.

    etcdEncryptionKey
    github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.ETCDEncryptionKeyRotation
    (Optional)

    ETCDEncryptionKey contains information about the ETCD encryption key credential rotation.

    DNS

    (Appears on: VirtualCluster)

    DNS holds information about DNS settings.

    FieldDescription
    domain
    string

    Domain is the external domain of the virtual garden cluster. This field is immutable.

    ETCD

    (Appears on: VirtualCluster)

    ETCD contains configuration for the etcds of the virtual garden cluster.

    FieldDescription
    main
    ETCDMain
    (Optional)

    Main contains configuration for the main etcd.

    events
    ETCDEvents
    (Optional)

    Events contains configuration for the events etcd.

    ETCDEvents

    (Appears on: ETCD)

    ETCDEvents contains configuration for the events etcd.

    FieldDescription
    storage
    Storage
    (Optional)

    Storage contains storage configuration.

    ETCDMain

    (Appears on: ETCD)

    ETCDMain contains configuration for the main etcd.

    FieldDescription
    backup
    Backup
    (Optional)

    Backup contains the object store configuration for backups for the virtual garden etcd.

    storage
    Storage
    (Optional)

    Storage contains storage configuration.

    Garden

    Garden describes a list of gardens.

    FieldDescription
    metadata
    Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

    Standard object metadata.

    Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
    spec
    GardenSpec

    Spec contains the specification of this garden.



    runtimeCluster
    RuntimeCluster

    RuntimeCluster contains configuration for the runtime cluster.

    virtualCluster
    VirtualCluster

    VirtualCluster contains configuration for the virtual cluster.

    status
    GardenStatus

    Status contains the status of this garden.

    GardenSpec

    (Appears on: Garden)

    GardenSpec contains the specification of a garden environment.

    FieldDescription
    runtimeCluster
    RuntimeCluster

    RuntimeCluster contains configuration for the runtime cluster.

    virtualCluster
    VirtualCluster

    VirtualCluster contains configuration for the virtual cluster.

    GardenStatus

    (Appears on: Garden)

    GardenStatus is the status of a garden environment.

    FieldDescription
    gardener
    github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.Gardener
    (Optional)

    Gardener holds information about the Gardener which last acted on the Garden.

    conditions
    []github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.Condition

    Conditions is a list of conditions.

    observedGeneration
    int64

    ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this resource.

    credentials
    Credentials
    (Optional)

    Credentials contains information about the virtual garden cluster credentials.

    GroupResource

    (Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

    GroupResource contains a list of resources which should be stored in etcd-events instead of etcd-main.

    FieldDescription
    group
    string

    Group is the API group name.

    resource
    string

    Resource is the resource name.

    HighAvailability

    (Appears on: ControlPlane)

    HighAvailability specifies the configuration settings for high availability for a resource.

    KubeAPIServerConfig

    (Appears on: Kubernetes)

    KubeAPIServerConfig contains configuration settings for the kube-apiserver.

    FieldDescription
    KubeAPIServerConfig
    github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.KubeAPIServerConfig

    (Members of KubeAPIServerConfig are embedded into this type.)

    (Optional)

    KubeAPIServerConfig contains all configuration values not specific to the virtual garden cluster.

    auditWebhook
    AuditWebhook
    (Optional)

    AuditWebhook contains settings related to an audit webhook configuration.

    authentication
    Authentication
    (Optional)

    Authentication contains settings related to authentication.

    authorization
    Authorization
    (Optional)

    Authorization contains settings related to authorization.

    resourcesToStoreInETCDEvents
    []GroupResource
    (Optional)

    ResourcesToStoreInETCDEvents contains a list of resources which should be stored in etcd-events instead of etcd-main. The ‘events’ resource is always stored in etcd-events. Note that adding or removing resources from this list will not migrate them automatically from the etcd-main to etcd-events or vice versa.

    sni
    SNI
    (Optional)

    SNI contains configuration options for the TLS SNI settings.

    KubeControllerManagerConfig

    (Appears on: Kubernetes)

    KubeControllerManagerConfig contains configuration settings for the kube-controller-manager.

    FieldDescription
    KubeControllerManagerConfig
    github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.KubeControllerManagerConfig

    (Members of KubeControllerManagerConfig are embedded into this type.)

    (Optional)

    KubeControllerManagerConfig contains all configuration values not specific to the virtual garden cluster.

    certificateSigningDuration
    Kubernetes meta/v1.Duration
    (Optional)

    CertificateSigningDuration is the maximum length of duration signed certificates will be given. Individual CSRs may request shorter certs by setting spec.expirationSeconds.

    Kubernetes

    (Appears on: VirtualCluster)

    Kubernetes contains the version and configuration options for the Kubernetes components of the virtual garden cluster.

    FieldDescription
    kubeAPIServer
    KubeAPIServerConfig
    (Optional)

    KubeAPIServer contains configuration settings for the kube-apiserver.

    kubeControllerManager
    KubeControllerManagerConfig
    (Optional)

    KubeControllerManager contains configuration settings for the kube-controller-manager.

    version
    string

    Version is the semantic Kubernetes version to use for the virtual garden cluster.

    Maintenance

    (Appears on: VirtualCluster)

    Maintenance contains information about the time window for maintenance operations.

    FieldDescription
    timeWindow
    github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.MaintenanceTimeWindow

    TimeWindow contains information about the time window for maintenance operations.

    Networking

    (Appears on: VirtualCluster)

    Networking defines networking parameters for the virtual garden cluster.

    FieldDescription
    services
    string

    Services is the CIDR of the service network. This field is immutable.

    Provider

    (Appears on: RuntimeCluster)

    Provider defines the provider-specific information for this cluster.

    FieldDescription
    zones
    []string
    (Optional)

    Zones is the list of availability zones the cluster is deployed to.

    RuntimeCluster

    (Appears on: GardenSpec)

    RuntimeCluster contains configuration for the runtime cluster.

    FieldDescription
    networking
    RuntimeNetworking

    Networking defines the networking configuration of the runtime cluster.

    provider
    Provider

    Provider defines the provider-specific information for this cluster.

    settings
    Settings
    (Optional)

    Settings contains certain settings for this cluster.

    RuntimeNetworking

    (Appears on: RuntimeCluster)

    RuntimeNetworking defines the networking configuration of the runtime cluster.

    FieldDescription
    nodes
    string
    (Optional)

    Nodes is the CIDR of the node network. This field is immutable.

    pods
    string

    Pods is the CIDR of the pod network. This field is immutable.

    services
    string

    Services is the CIDR of the service network. This field is immutable.

    blockCIDRs
    []string
    (Optional)

    BlockCIDRs is a list of network addresses that should be blocked.

    SNI

    (Appears on: KubeAPIServerConfig)

    SNI contains configuration options for the TLS SNI settings.

    FieldDescription
    secretName
    string

    SecretName is the name of a secret containing the TLS certificate and private key.

    domainPatterns
    []string
    (Optional)

    DomainPatterns is a list of fully qualified domain names, possibly with prefixed wildcard segments. The domain patterns also allow IP addresses, but IPs should only be used if the apiserver has visibility to the IP address requested by a client. If no domain patterns are provided, the names of the certificate are extracted. Non-wildcard matches trump over wildcard matches, explicit domain patterns trump over extracted names.

    SettingLoadBalancerServices

    (Appears on: Settings)

    SettingLoadBalancerServices controls certain settings for services of type load balancer that are created in the runtime cluster.

    FieldDescription
    annotations
    map[string]string
    (Optional)

    Annotations is a map of annotations that will be injected/merged into every load balancer service object.

    SettingTopologyAwareRouting

    (Appears on: Settings)

    SettingTopologyAwareRouting controls certain settings for topology-aware traffic routing in the cluster. See https://github.com/gardener/gardener/blob/master/docs/usage/topology_aware_routing.md.

    FieldDescription
    enabled
    bool

    Enabled controls whether certain Services deployed in the cluster should be topology-aware. These Services are virtual-garden-etcd-main-client, virtual-garden-etcd-events-client and virtual-garden-kube-apiserver. Additionally, other components that are deployed to the runtime cluster via other means can read this field and according to its value enable/disable topology-aware routing for their Services.

    SettingVerticalPodAutoscaler

    (Appears on: Settings)

    SettingVerticalPodAutoscaler controls certain settings for the vertical pod autoscaler components deployed in the seed.

    FieldDescription
    enabled
    bool
    (Optional)

    Enabled controls whether the VPA components shall be deployed into this cluster. It is true by default because the operator (and Gardener) heavily rely on a VPA being deployed. You should only disable this if your runtime cluster already has another, manually/custom managed VPA deployment. If this is not the case, but you still disable it, then reconciliation will fail.

    Settings

    (Appears on: RuntimeCluster)

    Settings contains certain settings for this cluster.

    FieldDescription
    loadBalancerServices
    SettingLoadBalancerServices
    (Optional)

    LoadBalancerServices controls certain settings for services of type load balancer that are created in the runtime cluster.

    verticalPodAutoscaler
    SettingVerticalPodAutoscaler
    (Optional)

    VerticalPodAutoscaler controls certain settings for the vertical pod autoscaler components deployed in the cluster.

    topologyAwareRouting
    SettingTopologyAwareRouting
    (Optional)

    TopologyAwareRouting controls certain settings for topology-aware traffic routing in the cluster. See https://github.com/gardener/gardener/blob/master/docs/usage/topology_aware_routing.md.

    Storage

    (Appears on: ETCDEvents, ETCDMain)

    Storage contains storage configuration.

    FieldDescription
    capacity
    k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource.Quantity
    (Optional)

    Capacity is the storage capacity for the volumes.

    className
    string
    (Optional)

    ClassName is the name of a storage class.

    VirtualCluster

    (Appears on: GardenSpec)

    VirtualCluster contains configuration for the virtual cluster.

    FieldDescription
    controlPlane
    ControlPlane
    (Optional)

    ControlPlane holds information about the general settings for the control plane of the virtual cluster.

    dns
    DNS

    DNS holds information about DNS settings.

    etcd
    ETCD
    (Optional)

    ETCD contains configuration for the etcds of the virtual garden cluster.

    kubernetes
    Kubernetes

    Kubernetes contains the version and configuration options for the Kubernetes components of the virtual garden cluster.

    maintenance
    Maintenance

    Maintenance contains information about the time window for maintenance operations.

    networking
    Networking

    Networking contains information about cluster networking such as CIDRs, etc.


    Generated with gen-crd-api-reference-docs

    1.6 - Provider Local

    Packages:

    local.provider.extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1

    Package v1alpha1 contains the local provider API resources.

    Resource Types:

    CloudProfileConfig

    CloudProfileConfig contains provider-specific configuration that is embedded into Gardener’s CloudProfile resource.

    FieldDescription
    apiVersion
    string
    local.provider.extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
    kind
    string
    CloudProfileConfig
    machineImages
    []MachineImages

    MachineImages is the list of machine images that are understood by the controller. It maps logical names and versions to provider-specific identifiers.

    WorkerStatus

    WorkerStatus contains information about created worker resources.

    FieldDescription
    apiVersion
    string
    local.provider.extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
    kind
    string
    WorkerStatus
    machineImages
    []MachineImage
    (Optional)

    MachineImages is a list of machine images that have been used in this worker. Usually, the extension controller gets the mapping from name/version to the provider-specific machine image data from the CloudProfile. However, if a version that is still in use gets removed from this componentconfig it cannot reconcile anymore existing Worker resources that are still using this version. Hence, it stores the used versions in the provider status to ensure reconciliation is possible.

    MachineImage

    (Appears on: WorkerStatus)

    MachineImage is a mapping from logical names and versions to provider-specific machine image data.

    FieldDescription
    name
    string

    Name is the logical name of the machine image.

    version
    string

    Version is the logical version of the machine image.

    image
    string

    Image is the image for the machine image.

    MachineImageVersion

    (Appears on: MachineImages)

    MachineImageVersion contains a version and a provider-specific identifier.

    FieldDescription
    version
    string

    Version is the version of the image.

    image
    string

    Image is the image for the machine image.

    MachineImages

    (Appears on: CloudProfileConfig)

    MachineImages is a mapping from logical names and versions to provider-specific identifiers.

    FieldDescription
    name
    string

    Name is the logical name of the machine image.

    versions
    []MachineImageVersion

    Versions contains versions and a provider-specific identifier.


    Generated with gen-crd-api-reference-docs

    1.7 - Resources

    Packages:

    resources.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1

    Package v1alpha1 contains the configuration of the Gardener Resource Manager.

    Resource Types:

      ManagedResource

      ManagedResource describes a list of managed resources.

      FieldDescription
      metadata
      Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

      Standard object metadata.

      Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
      spec
      ManagedResourceSpec

      Spec contains the specification of this managed resource.



      class
      string
      (Optional)

      Class holds the resource class used to control the responsibility for multiple resource manager instances

      secretRefs
      []Kubernetes core/v1.LocalObjectReference

      SecretRefs is a list of secret references.

      injectLabels
      map[string]string
      (Optional)

      InjectLabels injects the provided labels into every resource that is part of the referenced secrets.

      forceOverwriteLabels
      bool
      (Optional)

      ForceOverwriteLabels specifies that all existing labels should be overwritten. Defaults to false.

      forceOverwriteAnnotations
      bool
      (Optional)

      ForceOverwriteAnnotations specifies that all existing annotations should be overwritten. Defaults to false.

      keepObjects
      bool
      (Optional)

      KeepObjects specifies whether the objects should be kept although the managed resource has already been deleted. Defaults to false.

      equivalences
      [][]k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1.GroupKind
      (Optional)

      Equivalences specifies possible group/kind equivalences for objects.

      deletePersistentVolumeClaims
      bool
      (Optional)

      DeletePersistentVolumeClaims specifies if PersistentVolumeClaims created by StatefulSets, which are managed by this resource, should also be deleted when the corresponding StatefulSet is deleted (defaults to false).

      status
      ManagedResourceStatus

      Status contains the status of this managed resource.

      ManagedResourceSpec

      (Appears on: ManagedResource)

      ManagedResourceSpec contains the specification of this managed resource.

      FieldDescription
      class
      string
      (Optional)

      Class holds the resource class used to control the responsibility for multiple resource manager instances

      secretRefs
      []Kubernetes core/v1.LocalObjectReference

      SecretRefs is a list of secret references.

      injectLabels
      map[string]string
      (Optional)

      InjectLabels injects the provided labels into every resource that is part of the referenced secrets.

      forceOverwriteLabels
      bool
      (Optional)

      ForceOverwriteLabels specifies that all existing labels should be overwritten. Defaults to false.

      forceOverwriteAnnotations
      bool
      (Optional)

      ForceOverwriteAnnotations specifies that all existing annotations should be overwritten. Defaults to false.

      keepObjects
      bool
      (Optional)

      KeepObjects specifies whether the objects should be kept although the managed resource has already been deleted. Defaults to false.

      equivalences
      [][]k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1.GroupKind
      (Optional)

      Equivalences specifies possible group/kind equivalences for objects.

      deletePersistentVolumeClaims
      bool
      (Optional)

      DeletePersistentVolumeClaims specifies if PersistentVolumeClaims created by StatefulSets, which are managed by this resource, should also be deleted when the corresponding StatefulSet is deleted (defaults to false).

      ManagedResourceStatus

      (Appears on: ManagedResource)

      ManagedResourceStatus is the status of a managed resource.

      FieldDescription
      conditions
      []github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.Condition
      observedGeneration
      int64

      ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this resource.

      resources
      []ObjectReference
      (Optional)

      Resources is a list of objects that have been created.

      secretsDataChecksum
      string
      (Optional)

      SecretsDataChecksum is the checksum of referenced secrets data.

      ObjectReference

      (Appears on: ManagedResourceStatus)

      ObjectReference is a reference to another object.

      FieldDescription
      ObjectReference
      Kubernetes core/v1.ObjectReference

      (Members of ObjectReference are embedded into this type.)

      labels
      map[string]string

      Labels is a map of labels that were used during last update of the resource.

      annotations
      map[string]string

      Annotations is a map of annotations that were used during last update of the resource.


      Generated with gen-crd-api-reference-docs

      1.8 - Seedmanagement

      Packages:

      seedmanagement.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1

      Package v1alpha1 is a version of the API.

      Resource Types:

      ManagedSeed

      ManagedSeed represents a Shoot that is registered as Seed.

      FieldDescription
      apiVersion
      string
      seedmanagement.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
      kind
      string
      ManagedSeed
      metadata
      Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
      (Optional)

      Standard object metadata.

      Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
      spec
      ManagedSeedSpec
      (Optional)

      Specification of the ManagedSeed.



      shoot
      Shoot
      (Optional)

      Shoot references a Shoot that should be registered as Seed. This field is immutable.

      gardenlet
      Gardenlet
      (Optional)

      Gardenlet specifies that the ManagedSeed controller should deploy a gardenlet into the cluster with the given deployment parameters and GardenletConfiguration.

      status
      ManagedSeedStatus
      (Optional)

      Most recently observed status of the ManagedSeed.

      ManagedSeedSet

      ManagedSeedSet represents a set of identical ManagedSeeds.

      FieldDescription
      apiVersion
      string
      seedmanagement.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
      kind
      string
      ManagedSeedSet
      metadata
      Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
      (Optional)

      Standard object metadata.

      Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
      spec
      ManagedSeedSetSpec
      (Optional)

      Spec defines the desired identities of ManagedSeeds and Shoots in this set.



      replicas
      int32
      (Optional)

      Replicas is the desired number of replicas of the given Template. Defaults to 1.

      selector
      Kubernetes meta/v1.LabelSelector

      Selector is a label query over ManagedSeeds and Shoots that should match the replica count. It must match the ManagedSeeds and Shoots template’s labels. This field is immutable.

      template
      ManagedSeedTemplate

      Template describes the ManagedSeed that will be created if insufficient replicas are detected. Each ManagedSeed created / updated by the ManagedSeedSet will fulfill this template.

      shootTemplate
      github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.ShootTemplate

      ShootTemplate describes the Shoot that will be created if insufficient replicas are detected for hosting the corresponding ManagedSeed. Each Shoot created / updated by the ManagedSeedSet will fulfill this template.

      updateStrategy
      UpdateStrategy
      (Optional)

      UpdateStrategy specifies the UpdateStrategy that will be employed to update ManagedSeeds / Shoots in the ManagedSeedSet when a revision is made to Template / ShootTemplate.

      revisionHistoryLimit
      int32
      (Optional)

      RevisionHistoryLimit is the maximum number of revisions that will be maintained in the ManagedSeedSet’s revision history. Defaults to 10. This field is immutable.

      status
      ManagedSeedSetStatus
      (Optional)

      Status is the current status of ManagedSeeds and Shoots in this ManagedSeedSet.

      Bootstrap (string alias)

      (Appears on: Gardenlet)

      Bootstrap describes a mechanism for bootstrapping gardenlet connection to the Garden cluster.

      Gardenlet

      (Appears on: ManagedSeedSpec)

      Gardenlet specifies gardenlet deployment parameters and the GardenletConfiguration used to configure gardenlet.

      FieldDescription
      deployment
      GardenletDeployment
      (Optional)

      Deployment specifies certain gardenlet deployment parameters, such as the number of replicas, the image, etc.

      config
      k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.RawExtension
      (Optional)

      Config is the GardenletConfiguration used to configure gardenlet.

      bootstrap
      Bootstrap
      (Optional)

      Bootstrap is the mechanism that should be used for bootstrapping gardenlet connection to the Garden cluster. One of ServiceAccount, BootstrapToken, None. If set to ServiceAccount or BootstrapToken, a service account or a bootstrap token will be created in the garden cluster and used to compute the bootstrap kubeconfig. If set to None, the gardenClientConnection.kubeconfig field will be used to connect to the Garden cluster. Defaults to BootstrapToken. This field is immutable.

      mergeWithParent
      bool
      (Optional)

      MergeWithParent specifies whether the GardenletConfiguration of the parent gardenlet should be merged with the specified GardenletConfiguration. Defaults to true. This field is immutable.

      GardenletDeployment

      (Appears on: Gardenlet)

      GardenletDeployment specifies certain gardenlet deployment parameters, such as the number of replicas, the image, etc.

      FieldDescription
      replicaCount
      int32
      (Optional)

      ReplicaCount is the number of gardenlet replicas. Defaults to 2.

      revisionHistoryLimit
      int32
      (Optional)

      RevisionHistoryLimit is the number of old gardenlet ReplicaSets to retain to allow rollback. Defaults to 2.

      serviceAccountName
      string
      (Optional)

      ServiceAccountName is the name of the ServiceAccount to use to run gardenlet pods.

      image
      Image
      (Optional)

      Image is the gardenlet container image.

      resources
      Kubernetes core/v1.ResourceRequirements
      (Optional)

      Resources are the compute resources required by the gardenlet container.

      podLabels
      map[string]string
      (Optional)

      PodLabels are the labels on gardenlet pods.

      podAnnotations
      map[string]string
      (Optional)

      PodAnnotations are the annotations on gardenlet pods.

      additionalVolumes
      []Kubernetes core/v1.Volume
      (Optional)

      AdditionalVolumes is the list of additional volumes that should be mounted by gardenlet containers.

      additionalVolumeMounts
      []Kubernetes core/v1.VolumeMount
      (Optional)

      AdditionalVolumeMounts is the list of additional pod volumes to mount into the gardenlet container’s filesystem.

      env
      []Kubernetes core/v1.EnvVar
      (Optional)

      Env is the list of environment variables to set in the gardenlet container.

      vpa
      bool
      (Optional)

      VPA specifies whether to enable VPA for gardenlet. Defaults to true.

      Image

      (Appears on: GardenletDeployment)

      Image specifies container image parameters.

      FieldDescription
      repository
      string
      (Optional)

      Repository is the image repository.

      tag
      string
      (Optional)

      Tag is the image tag.

      pullPolicy
      Kubernetes core/v1.PullPolicy
      (Optional)

      PullPolicy is the image pull policy. One of Always, Never, IfNotPresent. Defaults to Always if latest tag is specified, or IfNotPresent otherwise.

      ManagedSeedSetSpec

      (Appears on: ManagedSeedSet)

      ManagedSeedSetSpec is the specification of a ManagedSeedSet.

      FieldDescription
      replicas
      int32
      (Optional)

      Replicas is the desired number of replicas of the given Template. Defaults to 1.

      selector
      Kubernetes meta/v1.LabelSelector

      Selector is a label query over ManagedSeeds and Shoots that should match the replica count. It must match the ManagedSeeds and Shoots template’s labels. This field is immutable.

      template
      ManagedSeedTemplate

      Template describes the ManagedSeed that will be created if insufficient replicas are detected. Each ManagedSeed created / updated by the ManagedSeedSet will fulfill this template.

      shootTemplate
      github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.ShootTemplate

      ShootTemplate describes the Shoot that will be created if insufficient replicas are detected for hosting the corresponding ManagedSeed. Each Shoot created / updated by the ManagedSeedSet will fulfill this template.

      updateStrategy
      UpdateStrategy
      (Optional)

      UpdateStrategy specifies the UpdateStrategy that will be employed to update ManagedSeeds / Shoots in the ManagedSeedSet when a revision is made to Template / ShootTemplate.

      revisionHistoryLimit
      int32
      (Optional)

      RevisionHistoryLimit is the maximum number of revisions that will be maintained in the ManagedSeedSet’s revision history. Defaults to 10. This field is immutable.

      ManagedSeedSetStatus

      (Appears on: ManagedSeedSet)

      ManagedSeedSetStatus represents the current state of a ManagedSeedSet.

      FieldDescription
      observedGeneration
      int64

      ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this ManagedSeedSet. It corresponds to the ManagedSeedSet’s generation, which is updated on mutation by the API Server.

      replicas
      int32

      Replicas is the number of replicas (ManagedSeeds and their corresponding Shoots) created by the ManagedSeedSet controller.

      readyReplicas
      int32

      ReadyReplicas is the number of ManagedSeeds created by the ManagedSeedSet controller that have a Ready Condition.

      nextReplicaNumber
      int32

      NextReplicaNumber is the ordinal number that will be assigned to the next replica of the ManagedSeedSet.

      currentReplicas
      int32

      CurrentReplicas is the number of ManagedSeeds created by the ManagedSeedSet controller from the ManagedSeedSet version indicated by CurrentRevision.

      updatedReplicas
      int32

      UpdatedReplicas is the number of ManagedSeeds created by the ManagedSeedSet controller from the ManagedSeedSet version indicated by UpdateRevision.

      currentRevision
      string

      CurrentRevision, if not empty, indicates the version of the ManagedSeedSet used to generate ManagedSeeds with smaller ordinal numbers during updates.

      updateRevision
      string

      UpdateRevision, if not empty, indicates the version of the ManagedSeedSet used to generate ManagedSeeds with larger ordinal numbers during updates

      collisionCount
      int32
      (Optional)

      CollisionCount is the count of hash collisions for the ManagedSeedSet. The ManagedSeedSet controller uses this field as a collision avoidance mechanism when it needs to create the name for the newest ControllerRevision.

      conditions
      []github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.Condition
      (Optional)

      Conditions represents the latest available observations of a ManagedSeedSet’s current state.

      pendingReplica
      PendingReplica
      (Optional)

      PendingReplica, if not empty, indicates the replica that is currently pending creation, update, or deletion. This replica is in a state that requires the controller to wait for it to change before advancing to the next replica.

      ManagedSeedSpec

      (Appears on: ManagedSeed, ManagedSeedTemplate)

      ManagedSeedSpec is the specification of a ManagedSeed.

      FieldDescription
      shoot
      Shoot
      (Optional)

      Shoot references a Shoot that should be registered as Seed. This field is immutable.

      gardenlet
      Gardenlet
      (Optional)

      Gardenlet specifies that the ManagedSeed controller should deploy a gardenlet into the cluster with the given deployment parameters and GardenletConfiguration.

      ManagedSeedStatus

      (Appears on: ManagedSeed)

      ManagedSeedStatus is the status of a ManagedSeed.

      FieldDescription
      conditions
      []github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1.Condition
      (Optional)

      Conditions represents the latest available observations of a ManagedSeed’s current state.

      observedGeneration
      int64

      ObservedGeneration is the most recent generation observed for this ManagedSeed. It corresponds to the ManagedSeed’s generation, which is updated on mutation by the API Server.

      ManagedSeedTemplate

      (Appears on: ManagedSeedSetSpec)

      ManagedSeedTemplate is a template for creating a ManagedSeed object.

      FieldDescription
      metadata
      Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta
      (Optional)

      Standard object metadata.

      Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
      spec
      ManagedSeedSpec
      (Optional)

      Specification of the desired behavior of the ManagedSeed.



      shoot
      Shoot
      (Optional)

      Shoot references a Shoot that should be registered as Seed. This field is immutable.

      gardenlet
      Gardenlet
      (Optional)

      Gardenlet specifies that the ManagedSeed controller should deploy a gardenlet into the cluster with the given deployment parameters and GardenletConfiguration.

      PendingReplica

      (Appears on: ManagedSeedSetStatus)

      PendingReplica contains information about a replica that is currently pending creation, update, or deletion.

      FieldDescription
      name
      string

      Name is the replica name.

      reason
      PendingReplicaReason

      Reason is the reason for the replica to be pending.

      since
      Kubernetes meta/v1.Time

      Since is the moment in time since the replica is pending with the specified reason.

      retries
      int32
      (Optional)

      Retries is the number of times the shoot operation (reconcile or delete) has been retried after having failed. Only applicable if Reason is ShootReconciling or ShootDeleting.

      PendingReplicaReason (string alias)

      (Appears on: PendingReplica)

      PendingReplicaReason is a string enumeration type that enumerates all possible reasons for a replica to be pending.

      RollingUpdateStrategy

      (Appears on: UpdateStrategy)

      RollingUpdateStrategy is used to communicate parameters for RollingUpdateStrategyType.

      FieldDescription
      partition
      int32
      (Optional)

      Partition indicates the ordinal at which the ManagedSeedSet should be partitioned. Defaults to 0.

      Shoot

      (Appears on: ManagedSeedSpec)

      Shoot identifies the Shoot that should be registered as Seed.

      FieldDescription
      name
      string

      Name is the name of the Shoot that will be registered as Seed.

      UpdateStrategy

      (Appears on: ManagedSeedSetSpec)

      UpdateStrategy specifies the strategy that the ManagedSeedSet controller will use to perform updates. It includes any additional parameters necessary to perform the update for the indicated strategy.

      FieldDescription
      type
      UpdateStrategyType
      (Optional)

      Type indicates the type of the UpdateStrategy. Defaults to RollingUpdate.

      rollingUpdate
      RollingUpdateStrategy
      (Optional)

      RollingUpdate is used to communicate parameters when Type is RollingUpdateStrategyType.

      UpdateStrategyType (string alias)

      (Appears on: UpdateStrategy)

      UpdateStrategyType is a string enumeration type that enumerates all possible update strategies for the ManagedSeedSet controller.


      Generated with gen-crd-api-reference-docs

      1.9 - Settings

      Packages:

      settings.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1

      Package v1alpha1 is a version of the API.

      Resource Types:

      ClusterOpenIDConnectPreset

      ClusterOpenIDConnectPreset is a OpenID Connect configuration that is applied to a Shoot objects cluster-wide.

      FieldDescription
      apiVersion
      string
      settings.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
      kind
      string
      ClusterOpenIDConnectPreset
      metadata
      Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

      Standard object metadata.

      Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
      spec
      ClusterOpenIDConnectPresetSpec

      Spec is the specification of this OpenIDConnect preset.



      OpenIDConnectPresetSpec
      OpenIDConnectPresetSpec

      (Members of OpenIDConnectPresetSpec are embedded into this type.)

      projectSelector
      Kubernetes meta/v1.LabelSelector
      (Optional)

      Project decides whether to apply the configuration if the Shoot is in a specific Project matching the label selector. Use the selector only if the OIDC Preset is opt-in, because end users may skip the admission by setting the labels. Defaults to the empty LabelSelector, which matches everything.

      OpenIDConnectPreset

      OpenIDConnectPreset is a OpenID Connect configuration that is applied to a Shoot in a namespace.

      FieldDescription
      apiVersion
      string
      settings.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
      kind
      string
      OpenIDConnectPreset
      metadata
      Kubernetes meta/v1.ObjectMeta

      Standard object metadata.

      Refer to the Kubernetes API documentation for the fields of the metadata field.
      spec
      OpenIDConnectPresetSpec

      Spec is the specification of this OpenIDConnect preset.



      server
      KubeAPIServerOpenIDConnect

      Server contains the kube-apiserver’s OpenID Connect configuration. This configuration is not overwritting any existing OpenID Connect configuration already set on the Shoot object.

      client
      OpenIDConnectClientAuthentication
      (Optional)

      Client contains the configuration used for client OIDC authentication of Shoot clusters. This configuration is not overwritting any existing OpenID Connect client authentication already set on the Shoot object.

      shootSelector
      Kubernetes meta/v1.LabelSelector
      (Optional)

      ShootSelector decides whether to apply the configuration if the Shoot has matching labels. Use the selector only if the OIDC Preset is opt-in, because end users may skip the admission by setting the labels. Default to the empty LabelSelector, which matches everything.

      weight
      int32

      Weight associated with matching the corresponding preset, in the range 1-100. Required.

      ClusterOpenIDConnectPresetSpec

      (Appears on: ClusterOpenIDConnectPreset)

      ClusterOpenIDConnectPresetSpec contains the OpenIDConnect specification and project selector matching Shoots in Projects.

      FieldDescription
      OpenIDConnectPresetSpec
      OpenIDConnectPresetSpec

      (Members of OpenIDConnectPresetSpec are embedded into this type.)

      projectSelector
      Kubernetes meta/v1.LabelSelector
      (Optional)

      Project decides whether to apply the configuration if the Shoot is in a specific Project matching the label selector. Use the selector only if the OIDC Preset is opt-in, because end users may skip the admission by setting the labels. Defaults to the empty LabelSelector, which matches everything.

      KubeAPIServerOpenIDConnect

      (Appears on: OpenIDConnectPresetSpec)

      KubeAPIServerOpenIDConnect contains configuration settings for the OIDC provider. Note: Descriptions were taken from the Kubernetes documentation.

      FieldDescription
      caBundle
      string
      (Optional)

      If set, the OpenID server’s certificate will be verified by one of the authorities in the oidc-ca-file, otherwise the host’s root CA set will be used.

      clientID
      string

      The client ID for the OpenID Connect client. Required.

      groupsClaim
      string
      (Optional)

      If provided, the name of a custom OpenID Connect claim for specifying user groups. The claim value is expected to be a string or array of strings. This field is experimental, please see the authentication documentation for further details.

      groupsPrefix
      string
      (Optional)

      If provided, all groups will be prefixed with this value to prevent conflicts with other authentication strategies.

      issuerURL
      string

      The URL of the OpenID issuer, only HTTPS scheme will be accepted. If set, it will be used to verify the OIDC JSON Web Token (JWT). Required.

      requiredClaims
      map[string]string
      (Optional)

      key=value pairs that describes a required claim in the ID Token. If set, the claim is verified to be present in the ID Token with a matching value.

      signingAlgs
      []string
      (Optional)

      List of allowed JOSE asymmetric signing algorithms. JWTs with a ‘alg’ header value not in this list will be rejected. Values are defined by RFC 7518 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7518#section-3.1 Defaults to [RS256]

      usernameClaim
      string
      (Optional)

      The OpenID claim to use as the user name. Note that claims other than the default (‘sub’) is not guaranteed to be unique and immutable. This field is experimental, please see the authentication documentation for further details. Defaults to “sub”.

      usernamePrefix
      string
      (Optional)

      If provided, all usernames will be prefixed with this value. If not provided, username claims other than ‘email’ are prefixed by the issuer URL to avoid clashes. To skip any prefixing, provide the value ‘-’.

      OpenIDConnectClientAuthentication

      (Appears on: OpenIDConnectPresetSpec)

      OpenIDConnectClientAuthentication contains configuration for OIDC clients.

      FieldDescription
      secret
      string
      (Optional)

      The client Secret for the OpenID Connect client.

      extraConfig
      map[string]string
      (Optional)

      Extra configuration added to kubeconfig’s auth-provider. Must not be any of idp-issuer-url, client-id, client-secret, idp-certificate-authority, idp-certificate-authority-data, id-token or refresh-token

      OpenIDConnectPresetSpec

      (Appears on: OpenIDConnectPreset, ClusterOpenIDConnectPresetSpec)

      OpenIDConnectPresetSpec contains the Shoot selector for which a specific OpenID Connect configuration is applied.

      FieldDescription
      server
      KubeAPIServerOpenIDConnect

      Server contains the kube-apiserver’s OpenID Connect configuration. This configuration is not overwritting any existing OpenID Connect configuration already set on the Shoot object.

      client
      OpenIDConnectClientAuthentication
      (Optional)

      Client contains the configuration used for client OIDC authentication of Shoot clusters. This configuration is not overwritting any existing OpenID Connect client authentication already set on the Shoot object.

      shootSelector
      Kubernetes meta/v1.LabelSelector
      (Optional)

      ShootSelector decides whether to apply the configuration if the Shoot has matching labels. Use the selector only if the OIDC Preset is opt-in, because end users may skip the admission by setting the labels. Default to the empty LabelSelector, which matches everything.

      weight
      int32

      Weight associated with matching the corresponding preset, in the range 1-100. Required.


      Generated with gen-crd-api-reference-docs

      2 - Concepts

      2.1 - Admission Controller

      Gardener Admission Controller

      While the Gardener API server works with admission plugins to validate and mutate resources belonging to Gardener related API groups, e.g. core.gardener.cloud, the same is needed for resources belonging to non-Gardener API groups as well, e.g. secrets in the core API group. Therefore, the Gardener Admission Controller runs a http(s) server with the following handlers which serve as validating/mutating endpoints for admission webhooks. It is also used to serve http(s) handlers for authorization webhooks.

      Admission Webhook Handlers

      This section describes the admission webhook handlers that are currently served.

      Kubeconfig Secret Validator

      Malicious Kubeconfigs applied by end users may cause a leakage of sensitive data. This handler checks if the incoming request contains a Kubernetes secret with a .data.kubeconfig field and denies the request if the Kubeconfig structure violates Gardener’s security standards.

      Namespace Validator

      Namespaces are the backing entities of Gardener projects in which shoot cluster objects reside. This validation handler protects active namespaces against premature deletion requests. Therefore, it denies deletion requests if a namespace still contains shoot clusters or if it belongs to a non-deleting Gardener project (without .metadata.deletionTimestamp).

      Resource Size Validator

      Since users directly apply Kubernetes native objects to the Garden cluster, it also involves the risk of being vulnerable to DoS attacks because these resources are continuously watched and read by controllers. One example is the creation of shoot resources with large annotation values (up to 256 kB per value), which can cause severe out-of-memory issues for the gardenlet component. Vertical autoscaling can help to mitigate such situations, but we cannot expect to scale infinitely, and thus need means to block the attack itself.

      The Resource Size Validator checks arbitrary incoming admission requests against a configured maximum size for the resource’s group-version-kind combination. It denies the request if the object exceeds the quota.

      Example for Gardener Admission Controller configuration:

      server:
        resourceAdmissionConfiguration:
          limits:
          - apiGroups: ["core.gardener.cloud"]
            apiVersions: ["*"]
            resources: ["shoots"]
            size: 100k
          - apiGroups: [""]
            apiVersions: ["v1"]
            resources: ["secrets"]
            size: 100k
          unrestrictedSubjects:
          - kind: Group
            name: gardener.cloud:system:seeds
            apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
       #  - kind: User
       #    name: admin
       #    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
       #  - kind: ServiceAccount
       #    name: "*"
       #    namespace: garden
       #    apiGroup: ""
          operationMode: block #log
      

      With the configuration above, the Resource Size Validator denies requests for shoots with Gardener’s core API group which exceed a size of 100 kB. The same is done for Kubernetes secrets.

      As this feature is meant to protect the system from malicious requests sent by users, it is recommended to exclude trusted groups, users or service accounts from the size restriction via resourceAdmissionConfiguration.unrestrictedSubjects. For example, the backing user for the gardenlet should always be capable of changing the shoot resource instead of being blocked due to size restrictions. This is because the gardenlet itself occasionally changes the shoot specification, labels or annotations, and might violate the quota if the existing resource is already close to the quota boundary. Also, operators are supposed to be trusted users and subjecting them to a size limitation can inhibit important operational tasks. Wildcard ("*") in subject name is supported.

      Size limitations depend on the individual Gardener setup and choosing the wrong values can affect the availability of your Gardener service. resourceAdmissionConfiguration.operationMode allows to control if a violating request is actually denied (default) or only logged. It’s recommended to start with log, check the logs for exceeding requests, adjust the limits if necessary and finally switch to block.

      SeedRestriction

      Please refer to Scoped API Access for Gardenlets for more information.

      Authorization Webhook Handlers

      This section describes the authorization webhook handlers that are currently served.

      SeedAuthorization

      Please refer to Scoped API Access for Gardenlets for more information.

      2.2 - API Server

      Gardener API Server

      The Gardener API server is a Kubernetes-native extension based on its aggregation layer. It is registered via an APIService object and designed to run inside a Kubernetes cluster whose API it wants to extend.

      After registration, it exposes the following resources:

      CloudProfiles

      CloudProfiles are resources that describe a specific environment of an underlying infrastructure provider, e.g. AWS, Azure, etc. Each shoot has to reference a CloudProfile to declare the environment it should be created in. In a CloudProfile, the gardener operator specifies certain constraints like available machine types, regions, which Kubernetes versions they want to offer, etc. End-users can read CloudProfiles to see these values, but only operators can change the content or create/delete them. When a shoot is created or updated, then an admission plugin checks that only allowed values are used via the referenced CloudProfile.

      Additionally, a CloudProfile may contain a providerConfig, which is a special configuration dedicated for the infrastructure provider. Gardener does not evaluate or understand this config, but extension controllers might need it for declaration of provider-specific constraints, or global settings.

      Please see this example manifest and consult the documentation of your provider extension controller to get information about its providerConfig.

      Seeds

      Seeds are resources that represent seed clusters. Gardener does not care about how a seed cluster got created - the only requirement is that it is of at least Kubernetes v1.20 and passes the Kubernetes conformance tests. The Gardener operator has to either deploy the gardenlet into the cluster they want to use as seed (recommended, then the gardenlet will create the Seed object itself after bootstrapping) or provide the kubeconfig to the cluster inside a secret (that is referenced by the Seed resource) and create the Seed resource themselves.

      Please see this, this, and optionally this example manifests.

      ShootQuotas

      To allow end-users not having their dedicated infrastructure account to try out Gardener, the operator can register an account owned by them that they allow to be used for trial clusters. Trial clusters can be put under quota so that they don’t consume too many resources (resulting in costs) and that one user cannot consume all resources on their own. These clusters are automatically terminated after a specified time, but end-users may extend the lifetime manually if needed.

      Please see this example manifest.

      Projects

      The first thing before creating a shoot cluster is to create a Project. A project is used to group multiple shoot clusters together. End-users can invite colleagues to the project to enable collaboration, and they can either make them admin or viewer. After an end-user has created a project, they will get a dedicated namespace in the garden cluster for all their shoots.

      Please see this example manifest.

      SecretBindings

      Now that the end-user has a namespace the next step is registering their infrastructure provider account.

      Please see this example manifest and consult the documentation of the extension controller for the respective infrastructure provider to get information about which keys are required in this secret.

      After the secret has been created, the end-user has to create a special SecretBinding resource that binds this secret. Later, when creating shoot clusters, they will reference such binding.

      Please see this example manifest.

      Shoots

      Shoot cluster contain various settings that influence how end-user Kubernetes clusters will look like in the end. As Gardener heavily relies on extension controllers for operating system configuration, networking, and infrastructure specifics, the end-user has the possibility (and responsibility) to provide these provider-specific configurations as well. Such configurations are not evaluated by Gardener (because it doesn’t know/understand them), but they are only transported to the respective extension controller.

      ⚠️ This means that any configuration issues/mistake on the end-user side that relates to a provider-specific flag or setting cannot be caught during the update request itself but only later during the reconciliation (unless a validator webhook has been registered in the garden cluster by an operator).

      Please see this example manifest and consult the documentation of the provider extension controller to get information about its spec.provider.controlPlaneConfig, .spec.provider.infrastructureConfig, and .spec.provider.workers[].providerConfig.

      (Cluster)OpenIDConnectPresets

      Please see this separate documentation file.

      Overview Data Model

      Gardener Overview Data Model

      2.3 - APIServer Admission Plugins

      Admission Plugins

      Similar to the kube-apiserver, the gardener-apiserver comes with a few in-tree managed admission plugins. If you want to get an overview of the what and why of admission plugins then this document might be a good start.

      This document lists all existing admission plugins with a short explanation of what it is responsible for.

      ClusterOpenIDConnectPreset, OpenIDConnectPreset

      (both enabled by default)

      These admission controllers react on CREATE operations for Shoots. If the Shoot does not specify any OIDC configuration (.spec.kubernetes.kubeAPIServer.oidcConfig=nil), then it tries to find a matching ClusterOpenIDConnectPreset or OpenIDConnectPreset, respectively. If there are multiple matches, then the one with the highest weight “wins”. In this case, the admission controller will default the OIDC configuration in the Shoot.

      ControllerRegistrationResources

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE and UPDATE operations for ControllerRegistrations. It validates that there exists only one ControllerRegistration in the system that is primarily responsible for a given kind/type resource combination. This prevents misconfiguration by the Gardener administrator/operator.

      CustomVerbAuthorizer

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE and UPDATE operations for Projects. It validates whether the user is bound to a RBAC role with the modify-spec-tolerations-whitelist verb in case the user tries to change the .spec.tolerations.whitelist field of the respective Project resource. Usually, regular project members are not bound to this custom verb, allowing the Gardener administrator to manage certain toleration whitelists on Project basis.

      DeletionConfirmation

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on DELETE operations for Projects and Shoots and ShootStates. It validates that the respective resource is annotated with a deletion confirmation annotation, namely confirmation.gardener.cloud/deletion=true. Only if this annotation is present it allows the DELETE operation to pass. This prevents users from accidental/undesired deletions.

      ExposureClass

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on Create operations for Shoots. It mutates Shoot resources which have an ExposureClass referenced by merging both their shootSelectors and/or tolerations into the Shoot resource.

      ExtensionValidator

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE and UPDATE operations for BackupEntrys, BackupBuckets, Seeds, and Shoots. For all the various extension types in the specifications of these objects, it validates whether there exists a ControllerRegistration in the system that is primarily responsible for the stated extension type(s). This prevents misconfigurations that would otherwise allow users to create such resources with extension types that don’t exist in the cluster, effectively leading to failing reconciliation loops.

      ExtensionLabels

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE and UPDATE operations for BackupBuckets, BackupEntrys, CloudProfiles, Seeds, SecretBindings and Shoots. For all the various extension types in the specifications of these objects, it adds a corresponding label in the resource. This would allow extension admission webhooks to filter out the resources they are responsible for and ignore all others. This label is of the form <extension-type>.extensions.gardener.cloud/<extension-name> : "true". For example, an extension label for provider extension type aws, looks like provider.extensions.gardener.cloud/aws : "true".

      ProjectValidator

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE operations for Projects. It prevents creating Projects with a non-empty .spec.namespace if the value in .spec.namespace does not start with garden-.

      ⚠️ This admission plugin will be removed in a future release and its business logic will be incorporated into the static validation of the gardener-apiserver.

      ResourceQuota

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller enables object count ResourceQuotas for Gardener resources, e.g. Shoots, SecretBindings, Projects, etc.

      ⚠️ In addition to this admission plugin, the ResourceQuota controller must be enabled for the Kube-Controller-Manager of your Garden cluster.

      ResourceReferenceManager

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE and UPDATE operations for CloudProfiles, Projects, SecretBindings, Seeds, and Shoots. Generally, it checks whether referred resources stated in the specifications of these objects exist in the system (e.g., if a referenced Secret exists). However, it also has some special behaviours for certain resources:

      • CloudProfiles: It rejects removing Kubernetes or machine image versions if there is at least one Shoot that refers to them.
      • Projects: It sets the .spec.createdBy field for newly created Project resources, and defaults the .spec.owner field in case it is empty (to the same value of .spec.createdBy).
      • Shoots: It sets the gardener.cloud/created-by=<username> annotation for newly created Shoot resources.

      SeedValidator

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on DELETE operations for Seeds. Rejects the deletion if Shoot(s) reference the seed cluster.

      ShootDNS

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE and UPDATE operations for Shoots. It tries to assign a default domain to the Shoot. It also validates the DNS configuration (.spec.dns) for shoots.

      ShootNodeLocalDNSEnabledByDefault

      (disabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE operations for Shoots. If enabled, it will enable node local dns within the shoot cluster (for more information, see NodeLocalDNS Configuration) by setting spec.systemComponents.nodeLocalDNS.enabled=true for newly created Shoots. Already existing Shoots and new Shoots that explicitly disable node local dns (spec.systemComponents.nodeLocalDNS.enabled=false) will not be affected by this admission plugin.

      ShootQuotaValidator

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE and UPDATE operations for Shoots. It validates the resource consumption declared in the specification against applicable Quota resources. Only if the applicable Quota resources admit the configured resources in the Shoot then it allows the request. Applicable Quotas are referred in the SecretBinding that is used by the Shoot.

      ShootVPAEnabledByDefault

      (disabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE operations for Shoots. If enabled, it will enable the managed VerticalPodAutoscaler components (for more information, see Vertical Pod Auto-Scaling) by setting spec.kubernetes.verticalPodAutoscaler.enabled=true for newly created Shoots. Already existing Shoots and new Shoots that explicitly disable VPA (spec.kubernetes.verticalPodAutoscaler.enabled=false) will not be affected by this admission plugin.

      ShootTolerationRestriction

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE and UPDATE operations for Shoots. It validates the .spec.tolerations used in Shoots against the whitelist of its Project, or against the whitelist configured in the admission controller’s configuration, respectively. Additionally, it defaults the .spec.tolerations in Shoots with those configured in its Project, and those configured in the admission controller’s configuration, respectively.

      ShootValidator

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE, UPDATE and DELETE operations for Shoots. It validates certain configurations in the specification against the referred CloudProfile (e.g., machine images, machine types, used Kubernetes version, …). Generally, it performs validations that cannot be handled by the static API validation due to their dynamic nature (e.g., when something needs to be checked against referred resources). Additionally, it takes over certain defaulting tasks (e.g., default machine image for worker pools).

      ShootManagedSeed

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on UPDATE and DELETE operations for Shoots. It validates certain configuration values in the specification that are specific to ManagedSeeds (e.g. the nginx-addon of the Shoot has to be disabled, the Shoot VPA has to be enabled). It rejects the deletion if the Shoot is referred to by a ManagedSeed.

      ManagedSeedValidator

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE and UPDATE operations for ManagedSeedss. It validates certain configuration values in the specification against the referred Shoot, for example Seed provider, network ranges, DNS domain, etc. Similar to ShootValidator, it performs validations that cannot be handled by the static API validation due to their dynamic nature. Additionally, it performs certain defaulting tasks, making sure that configuration values that are not specified are defaulted to the values of the referred Shoot, for example Seed provider, network ranges, DNS domain, etc.

      ManagedSeedShoot

      (enabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on DELETE operations for ManagedSeeds. It rejects the deletion if there are Shoots that are scheduled onto the Seed that is registered by the ManagedSeed.

      ShootDNSRewriting

      (disabled by default)

      This admission controller reacts on CREATE operations for Shoots. If enabled, it adds a set of common suffixes configured in its admission plugin configuration to the Shoot (spec.systemComponents.coreDNS.rewriting.commonSuffixes) (for more information, see DNS Search Path Optimization). Already existing Shoots will not be affected by this admission plugin.

      2.4 - Architecture

      Official Definition - What is Kubernetes?

      “Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.”

      Introduction - Basic Principle

      The foundation of the Gardener (providing Kubernetes Clusters as a Service) is Kubernetes itself, because Kubernetes is the go-to solution to manage software in the Cloud, even when it’s Kubernetes itself (see also OpenStack which is provisioned more and more on top of Kubernetes as well).

      While self-hosting, meaning to run Kubernetes components inside Kubernetes, is a popular topic in the community, we apply a special pattern catering to the needs of our cloud platform to provision hundreds or even thousands of clusters. We take a so-called “seed” cluster and seed the control plane (such as the API server, scheduler, controllers, etcd persistence and others) of an end-user cluster, which we call “shoot” cluster, as pods into the “seed” cluster. That means that one “seed” cluster, of which we will have one per IaaS and region, hosts the control planes of multiple “shoot” clusters. That allows us to avoid dedicated hardware/virtual machines for the “shoot” cluster control planes. We simply put the control plane into pods/containers and since the “seed” cluster watches them, they can be deployed with a replica count of 1 and only need to be scaled out when the control plane gets under pressure, but no longer for HA reasons. At the same time, the deployments get simpler (standard Kubernetes deployment) and easier to update (standard Kubernetes rolling update). The actual “shoot” cluster consists only of the worker nodes (no control plane) and therefore the users may get full administrative access to their clusters.

      Setting The Scene - Components and Procedure

      We provide a central operator UI, which we call the “Gardener Dashboard”. It talks to a dedicated cluster, which we call the “Garden” cluster, and uses custom resources managed by an aggregated API server (one of the general extension concepts of Kubernetes) to represent “shoot” clusters. In this “Garden” cluster runs the “Gardener”, which is basically a Kubernetes controller that watches the custom resources and acts upon them, i.e. creates, updates/modifies, or deletes “shoot” clusters. The creation follows basically these steps:

      • Create a namespace in the “seed” cluster for the “shoot” cluster, which will host the “shoot” cluster control plane.
      • Generate secrets and credentials, which the worker nodes will need to talk to the control plane.
      • Create the infrastructure (using Terraform), which basically consists out of the network setup.
      • Deploy the “shoot” cluster control plane into the “shoot” namespace in the “seed” cluster, containing the “machine-controller-manager” pod.
      • Create machine CRDs in the “seed” cluster, describing the configuration and the number of worker machines for the “shoot” (the machine-controller-manager watches the CRDs and creates virtual machines out of it).
      • Wait for the “shoot” cluster API server to become responsive (pods will be scheduled, persistent volumes and load balancers are created by Kubernetes via the respective cloud provider).
      • Finally, we deploy kube-system daemons like kube-proxy and further add-ons like the dashboard into the “shoot” cluster and the cluster becomes active.

      Overview Architecture Diagram

      Gardener Overview Architecture Diagram

      Detailed Architecture Diagram

      Gardener Detailed Architecture Diagram

      Note: The kubelet, as well as the pods inside the “shoot” cluster, talks through the front-door (load balancer IP; public Internet) to its “shoot” cluster API server running in the “seed” cluster. The reverse communication from the API server to the pod, service, and node networks happens through a VPN connection that we deploy into the “seed” and “shoot” clusters.

      2.5 - Backup and Restore

      Backup and Restore

      Kubernetes uses etcd as the key-value store for its resource definitions. Gardener supports the backup and restore of etcd. It is the responsibility of the shoot owners to backup the workload data.

      Gardener uses an etcd-backup-restore component to backup the etcd backing the Shoot cluster regularly and restore it in case of disaster. It is deployed as sidecar via etcd-druid. This doc mainly focuses on the backup and restore configuration used by Gardener when deploying these components. For more details on the design and internal implementation details, please refer to GEP-06 and the documentation on individual repositories.

      Bucket Provisioning

      Refer to the backup bucket extension document to find out details about configuring the backup bucket.

      Backup Policy

      etcd-backup-restore supports full snapshot and delta snapshots over full snapshot. In Gardener, this configuration is currently hard-coded to the following parameters:

      • Full Snapshot schedule:
        • Daily, 24hr interval.
        • For each Shoot, the schedule time in a day is randomized based on the configured Shoot maintenance window.
      • Delta Snapshot schedule:
        • At 5min interval.
        • If aggregated events size since last snapshot goes beyond 100Mib.
      • Backup History / Garbage backup deletion policy:
        • Gardener configures backup restore to have Exponential garbage collection policy.
        • As per policy, the following backups are retained:
          • All full backups and delta backups for the previous hour.
          • Latest full snapshot of each previous hour for the day.
          • Latest full snapshot of each previous day for 7 days.
          • Latest full snapshot of the previous 4 weeks.
        • Garbage Collection is configured at 12hr interval.
      • Listing:
        • Gardener doesn’t have any API to list out the backups.
        • To find the backups list, an admin can checkout the BackupEntry resource associated with the Shoot which holds the bucket and prefix details on the object store.

      Restoration

      The restoration process of etcd is automated through the etcd-backup-restore component from the latest snapshot. Gardener doesn’t support Point-In-Time-Recovery (PITR) of etcd. In case of an etcd disaster, the etcd is recovered from the latest backup automatically. For further details, please refer the Restoration topic. Post restoration of etcd, the Shoot reconciliation loop brings the cluster back to its previous state.

      Again, the Shoot owner is responsible for maintaining the backup/restore of his workload. Gardener only takes care of the cluster’s etcd.

      2.6 - Cluster API

      Relation Between Gardener API and Cluster API (SIG Cluster Lifecycle)

      In essence, the Cluster API harmonizes how to get to clusters, while Gardener goes one step further and also harmonizes the clusters themselves. The Cluster API delegates the specifics to so-called providers for infrastructures or control planes via specific CR(D)s, while Gardener only has one cluster CR(D). Different Cluster API providers, e.g. for AWS, Azure, GCP, etc., give you vastly different Kubernetes clusters. In contrast, Gardener gives you the exact same clusters with the exact same K8s version, operating system, control plane configuration like for API server or kubelet, add-ons like overlay network, HPA/VPA, DNS and certificate controllers, ingress and network policy controllers, control plane monitoring and logging stacks, down to the behavior of update procedures, auto-scaling, self-healing, etc., on all supported infrastructures. These homogeneous clusters are an essential goal for Gardener, as its main purpose is to simplify operations for teams that need to develop and ship software on Kubernetes clusters on a plethora of infrastructures (a.k.a. multi-cloud).

      Incidentally, Gardener influenced the Machine API in the Cluster API with its Machine Controller Manager and was the first to adopt it. You can find more information on that in the joint SIG Cluster Lifecycle KubeCon talk where @hardikdr from our Gardener team in India spoke.

      That means that we follow the Cluster API with great interest and are active members. It was completely overhauled from v1alpha1 to v1alpha2. But because v1alpha2 made too many assumptions about the bring-up of masters and was enforcing master machine operations (for more information, see The Cluster API Book: “As of v1alpha2, Machine-Based is the only control plane type that Cluster API supports”), services that managed their control planes differently like GKE or Gardener couldn’t adopt it (e.g. Google only supports v1alpha1). In 2020 v1alpha3 was introduced and made it possible (again) to integrate managed services like GKE or Gardener. The mapping from the Gardener API to the Cluster API is mostly syntactic.

      To wrap it up, while the Cluster API knows about clusters, it doesn’t know about their make-up. With Gardener, we wanted to go beyond that and harmonize the make-up of the clusters themselves and make them homogeneous across all supported infrastructures. Gardener can therefore deliver homogeneous clusters with exactly the same configuration and behavior on all infrastructures (see also Gardener’s coverage in the official conformance test grid).

      With Cluster API v1alpha3 and the support for declarative control plane management, it has became possible (again) to enable Kubernetes managed services like GKE or Gardener. We would be more than happy if the community would be interested to contribute a Gardener control plane provider.

      2.7 - Controller Manager

      Gardener Controller Manager

      The gardener-controller-manager (often refered to as “GCM”) is a component that runs next to the Gardener API server, similar to the Kubernetes Controller Manager. It runs several controllers that do not require talking to any seed or shoot cluster. Also, as of today, it exposes an HTTP server that is serving several health check endpoints and metrics.

      This document explains the various functionalities of the gardener-controller-manager and their purpose.

      Controllers

      Bastion Controller

      Bastion resources have a limited lifetime which can be extended up to a certain amount by performing a heartbeat on them. The Bastion controller is responsible for deleting expired or rotten Bastions.

      • “expired” means a Bastion has exceeded its status.expirationTimestamp.
      • “rotten” means a Bastion is older than the configured maxLifetime.

      The maxLifetime defaults to 24 hours and is an option in the BastionControllerConfiguration which is part of gardener-controller-managers ControllerManagerControllerConfiguration, see the example config file for details.

      The controller also deletes Bastions in case the referenced Shoot:

      • no longer exists
      • is marked for deletion (i.e., have a non-nil .metadata.deletionTimestamp)
      • was migrated to another seed (i.e., Shoot.spec.seedName is different than Bastion.spec.seedName).

      The deletion of Bastions triggers the gardenlet to perform the necessary cleanups in the Seed cluster, so some time can pass between deletion and the Bastion actually disappearing. Clients like gardenctl are advised to not re-use Bastions whose deletion timestamp has been set already.

      Refer to GEP-15 for more information on the lifecycle of Bastion resources.

      CertificateSigningRequest Controller

      After the gardenlet gets deployed on the Seed cluster, it needs to establish itself as a trusted party to communicate with the Gardener API server. It runs through a bootstrap flow similar to the kubelet bootstrap process.

      On startup, the gardenlet uses a kubeconfig with a bootstrap token which authenticates it as being part of the system:bootstrappers group. This kubeconfig is used to create a CertificateSigningRequest (CSR) against the Gardener API server.

      The controller in gardener-controller-manager checks whether the CertificateSigningRequest has the expected organisation, common name and usages which the gardenlet would request.

      It only auto-approves the CSR if the client making the request is allowed to “create” the certificatesigningrequests/seedclient subresource. Clients with the system:bootstrappers group are bound to the gardener.cloud:system:seed-bootstrapper ClusterRole, hence, they have such privileges. As the bootstrap kubeconfig for the gardenlet contains a bootstrap token which is authenticated as being part of the systems:bootstrappers group, its created CSR gets auto-approved.

      CloudProfile Controller

      CloudProfiles are essential when it comes to reconciling Shoots since they contain constraints (like valid machine types, Kubernetes versions, or machine images) and sometimes also some global configuration for the respective environment (typically via provider-specific configuration in .spec.providerConfig).

      Consequently, to ensure that CloudProfiles in-use are always present in the system until the last referring Shoot gets deleted, the controller adds a finalizer which is only released when there is no Shoot referencing the CloudProfile anymore.

      ControllerDeployment Controller

      Extensions are registered in the garden cluster via ControllerRegistration and deployment of respective extensions are specified via ControllerDeployment. For more info refer to Registering Extension Controllers.

      This controller ensures that ControllerDeployment in-use always exists until the last ControllerRegistration referencing them gets deleted. The controller adds a finalizer which is only released when there is no ControllerRegistration referencing the ControllerDeployment anymore.

      ControllerRegistration Controller

      The ControllerRegistration controller makes sure that the required Gardener Extensions specified by the ControllerRegistration resources are present in the seed clusters. It also takes care of the creation and deletion of ControllerInstallation objects for a given seed cluster. The controller has three reconciliation loops.

      “Main” Reconciler

      This reconciliation loop watches the Seed objects and determines which ControllerRegistrations are required for them and reconciles the corresponding ControllerInstallation resources to reach the determined state. To begin with, it computes the kind/type combinations of extensions required for the seed. For this, the controller examines a live list of ControllerRegistrations, ControllerInstallations, BackupBuckets, BackupEntrys, Shoots, and Secrets from the garden cluster. For example, it examines the shoots running on the seed and deducts the kind/type, like Infrastructure/gcp. The seed (seed.spec.provider.type) and DNS (seed.spec.dns.provider.type) provider types are considered when calculating the list of required ControllerRegistrations, as well. It also decides whether they should always be deployed based on the .spec.deployment.policy. For the configuration options, please see this section.

      Based on these required combinations, each of them are mapped to ControllerRegistration objects and then to their corresponding ControllerInstallation objects (if existing). The controller then creates or updates the required ControllerInstallation objects for the given seed. It also deletes every existing ControllerInstallation whose referenced ControllerRegistration is not part of the required list. For example, if the shoots in the seed are no longer using the DNS provider aws-route53, then the controller proceeds to delete the respective ControllerInstallation object.

      “ControllerRegistration” Reconciler

      This reconciliation loop watches the ControllerRegistration resource and adds finalizers to it when they are created. In case a deletion request comes in for the resource, i.e., if a .metadata.deletionTimestamp is set, it actively scans for a ControllerInstallation resource using this ControllerRegistration, and decides whether the deletion can be allowed. In case no related ControllerInstallation is present, it removes the finalizer and marks it for deletion.

      “Seed” Reconciler

      This loop also watches the Seed object and adds finalizers to it at creation. If a .metadata.deletionTimestamp is set for the seed, then the controller checks for existing ControllerInstallation objects which reference this seed. If no such objects exist, then it removes the finalizer and allows the deletion.

      Event Controller

      With the Gardener Event Controller, you can prolong the lifespan of events related to Shoot clusters. This is an optional controller which will become active once you provide the below mentioned configuration.

      All events in K8s are deleted after a configurable time-to-live (controlled via a kube-apiserver argument called --event-ttl (defaulting to 1 hour)). The need to prolong the time-to-live for Shoot cluster events frequently arises when debugging customer issues on live systems. This controller leaves events involving Shoots untouched, while deleting all other events after a configured time. In order to activate it, provide the following configuration:

      • concurrentSyncs: The amount of goroutines scheduled for reconciling events.
      • ttlNonShootEvents: When an event reaches this time-to-live it gets deleted unless it is a Shoot-related event (defaults to 1h, equivalent to the event-ttl default).

      ⚠️ In addition, you should also configure the --event-ttl for the kube-apiserver to define an upper-limit of how long Shoot-related events should be stored. The --event-ttl should be larger than the ttlNonShootEvents or this controller will have no effect.

      ExposureClass Controller

      ExposureClass abstracts the ability to expose a Shoot clusters control plane in certain network environments (e.g. corporate networks, DMZ, internet) on all Seeds or a subset of the Seeds. For more information, see ExposureClasses.

      Consequently, to ensure that ExposureClasses in-use are always present in the system until the last referring Shoot gets deleted, the controller adds a finalizer which is only released when there is no Shoot referencing the ExposureClass anymore.

      ManagedSeedSet Controller

      ManagedSeedSet objects maintain a stable set of replicas of ManagedSeeds, i.e. they guarantee the availability of a specified number of identical ManagedSeeds on an equal number of identical Shoots. The ManagedSeedSet controller creates and deletes ManagedSeeds and Shoots in response to changes to the replicas and selector fields. For more information, refer to the ManagedSeedSet proposal document.

      1. The reconciler first gets all the replicas of the given ManagedSeedSet in the ManagedSeedSet’s namespace and with the matching selector. Each replica is a struct that contains a ManagedSeed, its corresponding Seed and Shoot objects.
      2. Then the pending replica is retrieved, if it exists.
      3. Next it determines the ready, postponed, and deletable replicas.
        • A replica is considered ready when a Seed owned by a ManagedSeed has been registered either directly or by deploying gardenlet into a Shoot, the Seed is Ready and the Shoot’s status is Healthy.
        • If a replica is not ready and it is not pending, i.e. it is not specified in the ManagedSeed’s status.pendingReplica field, then it is added to the postponed replicas.
        • A replica is deletable if it has no scheduled Shoots and the replica’s Shoot and ManagedSeed do not have the seedmanagement.gardener.cloud/protect-from-deletion annotation.
      4. Finally, it checks the actual and target replica counts. If the actual count is less than the target count, the controller scales up the replicas by creating new replicas to match the desired target count. If the actual count is more than the target, the controller deletes replicas to match the desired count. Before scale-out or scale-in, the controller first reconciles the pending replica (there can always only be one) and makes sure the replica is ready before moving on to the next one.
        • Scale-out(actual count < target count)
          • During the scale-out phase, the controller first creates the Shoot object from the ManagedSeedSet’s spec.shootTemplate field and adds the replica to the status.pendingReplica of the ManagedSeedSet.
          • For the subsequent reconciliation steps, the controller makes sure that the pending replica is ready before proceeding to the next replica. Once the Shoot is created successfully, the ManagedSeed object is created from the ManagedSeedSet’s spec.template. The ManagedSeed object is reconciled by the ManagedSeed controller and a Seed object is created for the replica. Once the replica’s Seed becomes ready and the Shoot becomes healthy, the replica also becomes ready.
        • Scale-in(actual count > target count)
          • During the scale-in phase, the controller first determines the replica that can be deleted. From the deletable replicas, it chooses the one with the lowest priority and deletes it. Priority is determined in the following order:
            • First, compare replica statuses. Replicas with “less advanced” status are considered lower priority. For example, a replica with StatusShootReconciling status has a lower value than a replica with StatusShootReconciled status. Hence, in this case, a replica with a StatusShootReconciling status will have lower priority and will be considered for deletion.
            • Then, the replicas are compared with the readiness of their Seeds. Replicas with non-ready Seeds are considered lower priority.
            • Then, the replicas are compared with the health statuses of their Shoots. Replicas with “worse” statuses are considered lower priority.
            • Finally, the replica ordinals are compared. Replicas with lower ordinals are considered lower priority.

      Quota Controller

      Quota object limits the resources consumed by shoot clusters either per provider secret or per project/namespace.

      Consequently, to ensure that Quotas in-use are always present in the system until the last SecretBinding that references them gets deleted, the controller adds a finalizer which is only released when there is no SecretBinding referencing the Quota anymore.

      Project Controller

      There are multiple controllers responsible for different aspects of Project objects. Please also refer to the Project documentation.

      “Main” Reconciler

      This reconciler manages a dedicated Namespace for each Project. The namespace name can either be specified explicitly in .spec.namespace (must be prefixed with garden-) or it will be determined by the controller. If .spec.namespace is set, it tries to create it. If it already exists, it tries to adopt it. This will only succeed if the Namespace was previously labeled with gardener.cloud/role=project and project.gardener.cloud/name=<project-name>. This is to prevent end-users from being able to adopt arbitrary namespaces and escalate their privileges, e.g. the kube-system namespace.

      After the namespace was created/adopted, the controller creates several ClusterRoles and ClusterRoleBindings that allow the project members to access related resources based on their roles. These RBAC resources are prefixed with gardener.cloud:system:project{-member,-viewer}:<project-name>. Gardener administrators and extension developers can define their own roles. For more information, see Extending Project Roles for more information.

      In addition, operators can configure the Project controller to maintain a default ResourceQuota for project namespaces. Quotas can especially limit the creation of user facing resources, e.g. Shoots, SecretBindings, Secrets and thus protect the Garden cluster from massive resource exhaustion but also enable operators to align quotas with respective enterprise policies.

      ⚠️ Gardener itself is not exempted from configured quotas. For example, Gardener creates Secrets for every shoot cluster in the project namespace and at the same time increases the available quota count. Please mind this additional resource consumption.

      The controller configuration provides a template section controllers.project.quotas where such a ResourceQuota (see the example below) can be deposited.

      controllers:
        project:
          quotas:
          - config:
              apiVersion: v1
              kind: ResourceQuota
              spec:
                hard:
                  count/shoots.core.gardener.cloud: "100"
                  count/secretbindings.core.gardener.cloud: "10"
                  count/secrets: "800"
            projectSelector: {}
      

      The Project controller takes the specified config and creates a ResourceQuota with the name gardener in the project namespace. If a ResourceQuota resource with the name gardener already exists, the controller will only update fields in spec.hard which are unavailable at that time. This is done to configure a default Quota in all projects but to allow manual quota increases as the projects’ demands increase. spec.hard fields in the ResourceQuota object that are not present in the configuration are removed from the object. Labels and annotations on the ResourceQuota config get merged with the respective fields on existing ResourceQuotas. An optional projectSelector narrows down the amount of projects that are equipped with the given config. If multiple configs match for a project, then only the first match in the list is applied to the project namespace.

      The .status.phase of the Project resources is set to Ready or Failed by the reconciler to indicate whether the reconciliation loop was performed successfully. Also, it generates Events to provide further information about its operations.

      When a Project is marked for deletion, the controller ensures that there are no Shoots left in the project namespace. Once all Shoots are gone, the Namespace and Project are released.

      “Stale Projects” Reconciler

      As Gardener is a large-scale Kubernetes as a Service, it is designed for being used by a large amount of end-users. Over time, it is likely to happen that some of the hundreds or thousands of Project resources are no longer actively used.

      Gardener offers the “stale projects” reconciler which will take care of identifying such stale projects, marking them with a “warning”, and eventually deleting them after a certain time period. This reconciler is enabled by default and works as follows:

      1. Projects are considered as “stale”/not actively used when all of the following conditions apply: The namespace associated with the Project does not have any…
        1. Shoot resources.
        2. BackupEntry resources.
        3. Secret resources that are referenced by a SecretBinding that is in use by a Shoot (not necessarily in the same namespace).
        4. Quota resources that are referenced by a SecretBinding that is in use by a Shoot (not necessarily in the same namespace).
        5. The time period when the project was used for the last time (status.lastActivityTimestamp) is longer than the configured minimumLifetimeDays

      If a project is considered “stale”, then its .status.staleSinceTimestamp will be set to the time when it was first detected to be stale. If it gets actively used again, this timestamp will be removed. After some time, the .status.staleAutoDeleteTimestamp will be set to a timestamp after which Gardener will auto-delete the Project resource if it still is not actively used.

      The component configuration of the gardener-controller-manager offers to configure the following options:

      • minimumLifetimeDays: Don’t consider newly created Projects as “stale” too early to give people/end-users some time to onboard and get familiar with the system. The “stale project” reconciler won’t set any timestamp for Projects younger than minimumLifetimeDays. When you change this value, then projects marked as “stale” may be no longer marked as “stale” in case they are young enough, or vice versa.
      • staleGracePeriodDays: Don’t compute auto-delete timestamps for stale Projects that are unused for less than staleGracePeriodDays. This is to not unnecessarily make people/end-users nervous “just because” they haven’t actively used their Project for a given amount of time. When you change this value, then already assigned auto-delete timestamps may be removed if the new grace period is not yet exceeded.
      • staleExpirationTimeDays: Expiration time after which stale Projects are finally auto-deleted (after .status.staleSinceTimestamp). If this value is changed and an auto-delete timestamp got already assigned to the projects, then the new value will only take effect if it’s increased. Hence, decreasing the staleExpirationTimeDays will not decrease already assigned auto-delete timestamps.

      Gardener administrators/operators can exclude specific Projects from the stale check by annotating the related Namespace resource with project.gardener.cloud/skip-stale-check=true.

      “Activity” Reconciler

      Since the other two reconcilers are unable to actively monitor the relevant objects that are used in a Project (Shoot, Secret, etc.), there could be a situation where the user creates and deletes objects in a short period of time. In that case, the Stale Project Reconciler could not see that there was any activity on that project and it will still mark it as a Stale, even though it is actively used.

      The Project Activity Reconciler is implemented to take care of such cases. An event handler will notify the reconciler for any acitivity and then it will update the status.lastActivityTimestamp. This update will also trigger the Stale Project Reconciler.

      SecretBinding Controller

      SecretBindings reference Secrets and Quotas and are themselves referenced by Shoots. The controller adds finalizers to the referenced objects to ensure they don’t get deleted while still being referenced. Similarly, to ensure that SecretBindings in-use are always present in the system until the last referring Shoot gets deleted, the controller adds a finalizer which is only released when there is no Shoot referencing the SecretBinding anymore.

      Referenced Secrets will also be labeled with provider.shoot.gardener.cloud/<type>=true, where <type> is the value of the .provider.type of the SecretBinding. Also, all referenced Secrets, as well as Quotas, will be labeled with reference.gardener.cloud/secretbinding=true to allow for easily filtering for objects referenced by SecretBindings.

      Seed Controller

      The Seed controller in the gardener-controller-manager reconciles Seed objects with the help of the following reconcilers.

      “Main” Reconciler

      This reconciliation loop takes care of seed related operations in the Garden cluster. When a new Seed object is created, the reconciler creates a new Namespace in the garden cluster seed-<seed-name>. Namespaces dedicated to single seed clusters allow us to segregate access permissions i.e., a gardenlet must not have permissions to access objects in all Namespaces in the Garden cluster. There are objects in a Garden environment which are created once by the operator e.g., default domain secret, alerting credentials, and are required for operations happening in the gardenlet. Therefore, we not only need a seed specific Namespace but also a copy of these “shared” objects.

      The “main” reconciler takes care about this replication:

      KindNamespaceLabel Selector
      Secretgardengardener.cloud/role

      “Backup Buckets Check” Reconciler

      Every time a BackupBucket object is created or updated, the referenced Seed object is enqueued for reconciliation. It’s the reconciler’s task to check the status subresource of all existing BackupBuckets that reference this Seed. If at least one BackupBucket has .status.lastError != nil, the BackupBucketsReady condition on the Seed will be set to False, and consequently the Seed is considered as NotReady. If the SeedBackupBucketsCheckControllerConfiguration (which is part of gardener-controller-managers component configuration) contains a conditionThreshold for the BackupBucketsReady, the condition will instead first be set to Progressing and eventually to False once the conditionThreshold expires. See the example config file for details. Once the BackupBucket is healthy again, the seed will be re-queued and the condition will turn true.

      “Extensions Check” Reconciler

      This reconciler reconciles Seed objects and checks whether all ControllerInstallations referencing them are in a healthy state. Concretely, all three conditions Valid, Installed, and Healthy must have status True and the Progressing condition must have status False. Based on this check, it maintains the ExtensionsReady condition in the respective Seed’s .status.conditions list.

      “Lifecycle” Reconciler

      The “Lifecycle” reconciler processes Seed objects which are enqueued every 10 seconds in order to check if the responsible gardenlet is still responding and operable. Therefore, it checks renewals via Lease objects of the seed in the garden cluster which are renewed regularly by the gardenlet.

      In case a Lease is not renewed for the configured amount in config.controllers.seed.monitorPeriod.duration:

      1. The reconciler assumes that the gardenlet stopped operating and updates the GardenletReady condition to Unknown.
      2. Additionally, the conditions and constraints of all Shoot resources scheduled on the affected seed are set to Unknown as well, because a striking gardenlet won’t be able to maintain these conditions any more.
      3. If the gardenlet’s client certificate has expired (identified based on the .status.clientCertificateExpirationTimestamp field in the Seed resource) and if it is managed by a ManagedSeed, then this will be triggered for a reconciliation. This will trigger the bootstrapping process again and allows gardenlets to obtain a fresh client certificate.

      Shoot Controller

      “Conditions” Reconciler

      In case the reconciled Shoot is registered via a ManagedSeed as a seed cluster, this reconciler merges the conditions in the respective Seed’s .status.conditions into the .status.conditions of the Shoot. This is to provide a holistic view on the status of the registered seed cluster by just looking at the Shoot resource.

      “Hibernation” Reconciler

      This reconciler is responsible for hibernating or awakening shoot clusters based on the schedules defined in their .spec.hibernation.schedules. It ignores failed Shoots and those marked for deletion.

      “Maintenance” Reconciler

      This reconciler is responsible for maintaining shoot clusters based on the time window defined in their .spec.maintenance.timeWindow. It might auto-update the Kubernetes version or the operating system versions specified in the worker pools (.spec.provider.workers). It could also add some operation or task annotations. For more information, see Shoot Maintenance.

      “Quota” Reconciler

      This reconciler might auto-delete shoot clusters in case their referenced SecretBinding is itself referencing a Quota with .spec.clusterLifetimeDays != nil. If the shoot cluster is older than the configured lifetime, then it gets deleted. It maintains the expiration time of the Shoot in the value of the shoot.gardener.cloud/expiration-timestamp annotation. This annotation might be overridden, however only by at most twice the value of the .spec.clusterLifetimeDays.

      “Reference” Reconciler

      Shoot objects may specify references to other objects in the Garden cluster which are required for certain features. For example, users can configure various DNS providers via .spec.dns.providers and usually need to refer to a corresponding Secret with valid DNS provider credentials inside. Such objects need a special protection against deletion requests as long as they are still being referenced by one or multiple shoots.

      Therefore, this reconciler checks Shoots for referenced objects and adds the finalizer gardener.cloud/reference-protection to their .metadata.finalizers list. The reconciled Shoot also gets this finalizer to enable a proper garbage collection in case the gardener-controller-manager is offline at the moment of an incoming deletion request. When an object is not actively referenced anymore because the Shoot specification has changed or all related shoots were deleted (are in deletion), the controller will remove the added finalizer again so that the object can safely be deleted or garbage collected.

      This reconciler inspects the following references:

      • DNS provider secrets (.spec.dns.provider)
      • Audit policy configmaps (.spec.kubernetes.kubeAPIServer.auditConfig.auditPolicy.configMapRef)

      Further checks might be added in the future.

      “Retry” Reconciler

      This reconciler is responsible for retrying certain failed Shoots. Currently, the reconciler retries only failed Shoots with an error code ERR_INFRA_RATE_LIMITS_EXCEEDED. See Shoot Status for more details.

      “Status Label” Reconciler

      This reconciler is responsible for maintaining the shoot.gardener.cloud/status label on Shoots. See Shoot Status for more details.

      2.8 - etcd

      etcd - Key-Value Store for Kubernetes

      etcd is a strongly consistent key-value store and the most prevalent choice for the Kubernetes persistence layer. All API cluster objects like Pods, Deployments, Secrets, etc., are stored in etcd, which makes it an essential part of a Kubernetes control plane.

      Garden or Shoot Cluster Persistence

      Each garden or shoot cluster gets its very own persistence for the control plane. It runs in the shoot namespace on the respective seed cluster (or in the garden namespace in the garden cluster, respectively). Concretely, there are two etcd instances per shoot cluster, which the kube-apiserver is configured to use in the following way:

      • etcd-main

      A store that contains all “cluster critical” or “long-term” objects. These object kinds are typically considered for a backup to prevent any data loss.

      • etcd-events

      A store that contains all Event objects (events.k8s.io) of a cluster. Events usually have a short retention period and occur frequently, but are not essential for a disaster recovery.

      The setup above prevents both, the critical etcd-main is not flooded by Kubernetes Events, as well as backup space is not occupied by non-critical data. This separation saves time and resources.

      etcd Operator

      Configuring, maintaining, and health-checking etcd is outsourced to a dedicated operator called etcd Druid. When a gardenlet reconciles a Shoot resource or a gardener-operator reconciles a Garden resource, they manage an Etcd resource in the seed or garden cluster, containing necessary information (backup information, defragmentation schedule, resources, etc.). etcd-druid needs to manage the lifecycle of the desired etcd instance (today main or events). Likewise, when the Shoot or Garden is deleted, gardenlet or gardener-operator deletes the Etcd resources and etcd Druid takes care of cleaning up all related objects, e.g. the backing StatefulSets.

      Autoscaling

      Gardenlet maintains HVPA objects for etcd StatefulSets if the corresponding feature gate is enabled. This enables a vertical scaling for etcd. Downscaling is handled more pessimistically to prevent many subsequent etcd restarts. Thus, for production and infrastructure shoot clusters (or all garden clusters), downscaling is deactivated for the main etcd. For all other shoot clusters, lower advertised requests/limits are only applied during a shoot’s maintenance time window.

      Backup

      If Seeds specify backups for etcd (example), then Gardener and the respective provider extensions are responsible for creating a bucket on the cloud provider’s side (modelled through a BackupBucket resource). The bucket stores backups of Shoots scheduled on that Seed. Furthermore, Gardener creates a BackupEntry, which subdivides the bucket and thus makes it possible to store backups of multiple shoot clusters.

      How long backups are stored in the bucket after a shoot has been deleted depends on the configured retention period in the Seed resource. Please see this example configuration for more information.

      For Gardens specifying backups for etcd (example), the bucket must be pre-created externally and provided via the Garden specification.

      Both etcd instances are configured to run with a special backup-restore sidecar. It takes care about regularly backing up etcd data and restoring it in case of data loss (in the main etcd only). The sidecar also performs defragmentation and other house-keeping tasks. More information can be found in the component’s GitHub repository.

      Housekeeping

      etcd maintenance tasks must be performed from time to time in order to re-gain database storage and to ensure the system’s reliability. The backup-restore sidecar takes care about this job as well.

      For both Shoots and Gardens, a random time within the shoot’s maintenance time is chosen for scheduling these tasks.

      2.9 - gardenlet

      gardenlet

      Gardener is implemented using the operator pattern: It uses custom controllers that act on our own custom resources, and apply Kubernetes principles to manage clusters instead of containers. Following this analogy, you can recognize components of the Gardener architecture as well-known Kubernetes components, for example, shoot clusters can be compared with pods, and seed clusters can be seen as worker nodes.

      The following Gardener components play a similar role as the corresponding components in the Kubernetes architecture:

      Gardener ComponentKubernetes Component
      gardener-apiserverkube-apiserver
      gardener-controller-managerkube-controller-manager
      gardener-schedulerkube-scheduler
      gardenletkubelet

      Similar to how the kube-scheduler of Kubernetes finds an appropriate node for newly created pods, the gardener-scheduler of Gardener finds an appropriate seed cluster to host the control plane for newly ordered clusters. By providing multiple seed clusters for a region or provider, and distributing the workload, Gardener also reduces the blast radius of potential issues.

      Kubernetes runs a primary “agent” on every node, the kubelet, which is responsible for managing pods and containers on its particular node. Decentralizing the responsibility to the kubelet has the advantage that the overall system is scalable. Gardener achieves the same for cluster management by using a gardenlet as а primary “agent” on every seed cluster, and is only responsible for shoot clusters located in its particular seed cluster:

      Counterparts in the Gardener Architecture and the Kubernetes Architecture

      The gardener-controller-manager has controllers to manage resources of the Gardener API. However, instead of letting the gardener-controller-manager talk directly to seed clusters or shoot clusters, the responsibility isn’t only delegated to the gardenlet, but also managed using a reversed control flow: It’s up to the gardenlet to contact the Gardener API server, for example, to share a status for its managed seed clusters.

      Reversing the control flow allows placing seed clusters or shoot clusters behind firewalls without the necessity of direct access via VPN tunnels anymore.

      Reversed Control Flow Using a gardenlet

      TLS Bootstrapping

      Kubernetes doesn’t manage worker nodes itself, and it’s also not responsible for the lifecycle of the kubelet running on the workers. Similarly, Gardener doesn’t manage seed clusters itself, so it is also not responsible for the lifecycle of the gardenlet running on the seeds. As a consequence, both the gardenlet and the kubelet need to prepare a trusted connection to the Gardener API server and the Kubernetes API server correspondingly.

      To prepare a trusted connection between the gardenlet and the Gardener API server, the gardenlet initializes a bootstrapping process after you deployed it into your seed clusters:

      1. The gardenlet starts up with a bootstrap kubeconfig having a bootstrap token that allows to create CertificateSigningRequest (CSR) resources.

      2. After the CSR is signed, the gardenlet downloads the created client certificate, creates a new kubeconfig with it, and stores it inside a Secret in the seed cluster.

      3. The gardenlet deletes the bootstrap kubeconfig secret, and starts up with its new kubeconfig.

      4. The gardenlet starts normal operation.

      The gardener-controller-manager runs a control loop that automatically signs CSRs created by gardenlets.

      The gardenlet bootstrapping process is based on the kubelet bootstrapping process. More information: Kubelet’s TLS bootstrapping.

      If you don’t want to run this bootstrap process, you can create a kubeconfig pointing to the garden cluster for the gardenlet yourself, and use the field gardenClientConnection.kubeconfig in the gardenlet configuration to share it with the gardenlet.

      gardenlet Certificate Rotation

      The certificate used to authenticate the gardenlet against the API server has a certain validity based on the configuration of the garden cluster (--cluster-signing-duration flag of the kube-controller-manager (default 1y)).

      If your garden cluster is of at least Kubernetes v1.22, then you can also configure the validity for the client certificate by specifying .gardenClientConnection.kubeconfigValidity.validity in the gardenlet’s component configuration. Note that changing this value will only take effect when the kubeconfig is rotated again (it is not picked up immediately). The minimum validity is 10m (that’s what is enforced by the CertificateSigningRequest API in Kubernetes which is used by the gardenlet).

      By default, after about 70-90% of the validity has expired, the gardenlet tries to automatically replace the current certificate with a new one (certificate rotation).

      You can change these boundaries by specifying .gardenClientConnection.kubeconfigValidity.autoRotationJitterPercentage{Min,Max} in the gardenlet’s component configuration.

      To use a certificate rotation, you need to specify the secret to store the kubeconfig with the rotated certificate in the field .gardenClientConnection.kubeconfigSecret of the gardenlet component configuration.

      Rotate Certificates Using Bootstrap kubeconfig

      If the gardenlet created the certificate during the initial TLS Bootstrapping using the Bootstrap kubeconfig, certificates can be rotated automatically. The same control loop in the gardener-controller-manager that signs the CSRs during the initial TLS Bootstrapping also automatically signs the CSR during a certificate rotation.

      ℹ️ You can trigger an immediate renewal by annotating the Secret in the seed cluster stated in the .gardenClientConnection.kubeconfigSecret field with gardener.cloud/operation=renew and restarting the gardenlet. After it has booted up again, gardenlet will issue a new certificate independent of the remaining validity of the existing one.

      Rotate Certificates Using Custom kubeconfig

      When trying to rotate a custom certificate that wasn’t created by gardenlet as part of the TLS Bootstrap, the x509 certificate’s Subject field needs to conform to the following:

      • the Common Name (CN) is prefixed with gardener.cloud:system:seed:
      • the Organization (O) equals gardener.cloud:system:seeds

      Otherwise, the gardener-controller-manager doesn’t automatically sign the CSR. In this case, an external component or user needs to approve the CSR manually, for example, using the command kubectl certificate approve seed-csr-<...>). If that doesn’t happen within 15 minutes, the gardenlet repeats the process and creates another CSR.

      Configuring the Seed to Work with gardenlet

      The gardenlet works with a single seed, which must be configured in the GardenletConfiguration under .seedConfig. This must be a copy of the Seed resource, for example:

      apiVersion: gardenlet.config.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
      kind: GardenletConfiguration
      seedConfig:
        metadata:
          name: my-seed
        spec:
          provider:
            type: aws
          # ...
          secretRef:
            name: my-seed-secret
            namespace: garden
      

      (see this yaml file for a more complete example)

      When using make start-gardenlet, the corresponding script will automatically fetch the seed cluster’s kubeconfig based on the seedConfig.spec.secretRef and set the environment accordingly.

      On startup, gardenlet registers a Seed resource using the given template in the seedConfig if it’s not present already.

      Component Configuration

      In the component configuration for the gardenlet, it’s possible to define:

      • settings for the Kubernetes clients interacting with the various clusters
      • settings for the controllers inside the gardenlet
      • settings for leader election and log levels, feature gates, and seed selection or seed configuration.

      More information: Example gardenlet Component Configuration.

      Heartbeats

      Similar to how Kubernetes uses Lease objects for node heart beats (see KEP), the gardenlet is using Lease objects for heart beats of the seed cluster. Every two seconds, the gardenlet checks that the seed cluster’s /healthz endpoint returns HTTP status code 200. If that is the case, the gardenlet renews the lease in the Garden cluster in the gardener-system-seed-lease namespace and updates the GardenletReady condition in the status.conditions field of the Seed resource. For more information, see this section.

      Similar to the node-lifecycle-controller inside the kube-controller-manager, the gardener-controller-manager features a seed-lifecycle-controller that sets the GardenletReady condition to Unknown in case the gardenlet fails to renew the lease. As a consequence, the gardener-scheduler doesn’t consider this seed cluster for newly created shoot clusters anymore.

      /healthz Endpoint

      The gardenlet includes an HTTP server that serves a /healthz endpoint. It’s used as a liveness probe in the Deployment of the gardenlet. If the gardenlet fails to renew its lease, then the endpoint returns 500 Internal Server Error, otherwise it returns 200 OK.

      Please note that the /healthz only indicates whether the gardenlet could successfully probe the Seed’s API server and renew the lease with the Garden cluster. It does not show that the Gardener extension API server (with the Gardener resource groups) is available. However, the gardenlet is designed to withstand such connection outages and retries until the connection is reestablished.

      Controllers

      The gardenlet consists out of several controllers which are now described in more detail.

      BackupBucket Controller

      The BackupBucket controller reconciles those core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1.BackupBucket resources whose .spec.seedName value is equal to the name of the Seed the respective gardenlet is responsible for. A core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1.BackupBucket resource is created by the Seed controller if .spec.backup is defined in the Seed.

      The controller adds finalizers to the BackupBucket and the secret mentioned in the .spec.secretRef of the BackupBucket. The controller also copies this secret to the seed cluster. Additionally, it creates an extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.BackupBucket resource (non-namespaced) in the seed cluster and waits until the responsible extension controller reconciles it (see Contract: BackupBucket Resource for more details). The status from the reconciliation is reported in the .status.lastOperation field. Once the extension resource is ready and the .status.generatedSecretRef is set by the extension controller, the gardenlet copies the referenced secret to the garden namespace in the garden cluster. An owner reference to the core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1.BackupBucket is added to this secret.

      If the core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1.BackupBucket is deleted, the controller deletes the generated secret in the garden cluster and the extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.BackupBucket resource in the seed cluster and it waits for the respective extension controller to remove its finalizers from the extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.BackupBucket. Then it deletes the secret in the seed cluster and finally removes the finalizers from the core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1.BackupBucket and the referred secret.

      BackupEntry Controller

      The BackupEntry controller reconciles those core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1.BackupEntry resources whose .spec.seedName value is equal to the name of a Seed the respective gardenlet is responsible for. Those resources are created by the Shoot controller (only if backup is enabled for the respective Seed) and there is exactly one BackupEntry per Shoot.

      The controller creates an extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.BackupEntry resource (non-namespaced) in the seed cluster and waits until the responsible extension controller reconciled it (see Contract: BackupEntry Resource for more details). The status is populated in the .status.lastOperation field.

      The core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1.BackupEntry resource has an owner reference pointing to the corresponding Shoot. Hence, if the Shoot is deleted, the BackupEntry resource also gets deleted. In this case, the controller deletes the extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.BackupEntry resource in the seed cluster and waits until the responsible extension controller has deleted it. Afterwards, the finalizer of the core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1.BackupEntry resource is released so that it finally disappears from the system.

      If the spec.seedName and .status.seedName of the core.gardener.cloud/v1beta1.BackupEntry are different, the controller will migrate it by annotating the extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.BackupEntry in the Source Seed with gardener.cloud/operation: migrate, waiting for it to be migrated successfully and eventually deleting it from the Source Seed cluster. Afterwards, the controller will recreate the extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.BackupEntry in the Destination Seed, annotate it with gardener.cloud/operation: restore and wait for the restore operation to finish. For more details about control plane migration, please read Shoot Control Plane Migration.

      Keep Backup for Deleted Shoots

      In some scenarios it might be beneficial to not immediately delete the BackupEntrys (and with them, the etcd backup) for deleted Shoots.

      In this case you can configure the .controllers.backupEntry.deletionGracePeriodHours field in the component configuration of the gardenlet. For example, if you set it to 48, then the BackupEntrys for deleted Shoots will only be deleted 48 hours after the Shoot was deleted.

      Additionally, you can limit the shoot purposes for which this applies by setting .controllers.backupEntry.deletionGracePeriodShootPurposes[]. For example, if you set it to [production] then only the BackupEntrys for Shoots with .spec.purpose=production will be deleted after the configured grace period. All others will be deleted immediately after the Shoot deletion.

      Bastion Controller

      The Bastion controller reconciles those operations.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.Bastion resources whose .spec.seedName value is equal to the name of a Seed the respective gardenlet is responsible for.

      The controller creates an extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.Bastion resource in the seed cluster in the shoot namespace with the same name as operations.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.Bastion. Then it waits until the responsible extension controller has reconciled it (see Contract: Bastion Resource for more details). The status is populated in the .status.conditions and .status.ingress fields.

      During the deletion of operations.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.Bastion resources, the controller first sets the Ready condition to False and then deletes the extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.Bastion resource in the seed cluster. Once this resource is gone, the finalizer of the operations.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.Bastion resource is released, so it finally disappears from the system.

      ControllerInstallation Controller

      The ControllerInstallation controller in the gardenlet reconciles ControllerInstallation objects with the help of the following reconcilers.

      “Main” Reconciler

      This reconciler is responsible for ControllerInstallations referencing a ControllerDeployment whose type=helm. It is responsible for unpacking the Helm chart tarball in the ControllerDeployments .providerConfig.chart field and deploying the rendered resources to the seed cluster. The Helm chart values in .providerConfig.values will be used and extended with some information about the Gardener environment and the seed cluster:

      gardener:
        version: <gardenlet-version>
        garden:
          clusterIdentity: <identity-of-garden-cluster>
        seed:
          identity: <seed-name>
          clusterIdentity: <identity-of-seed-cluster>
          annotations: <seed-annotations>
          labels: <seed-labels>
          spec: <seed-specification>
      

      As of today, there are a few more fields in .gardener.seed, but it is recommended to use the .gardener.seed.spec if the Helm chart needs more information about the seed configuration.

      The rendered chart will be deployed via a ManagedResource created in the garden namespace of the seed cluster. It is labeled with controllerinstallation-name=<name> so that one can easily find the owning ControllerInstallation for an existing ManagedResource.

      The reconciler maintains the Installed condition of the ControllerInstallation and sets it to False if the rendering or deployment fails.

      “Care” Reconciler

      This reconciler reconciles ControllerInstallation objects and checks whether they are in a healthy state. It checks the .status.conditions of the backing ManagedResource created in the garden namespace of the seed cluster.

      • If the ResourcesApplied condition of the ManagedResource is True, then the Installed condition of the ControllerInstallation will be set to True.
      • If the ResourcesHealthy condition of the ManagedResource is True, then the Healthy condition of the ControllerInstallation will be set to True.
      • If the ResourcesProgressing condition of the ManagedResource is True, then the Progressing condition of the ControllerInstallation will be set to True.

      A ControllerInstallation is considered “healthy” if Applied=Healthy=True and Progressing=False.

      “Required” Reconciler

      This reconciler watches all resources in the extensions.gardener.cloud API group in the seed cluster. It is responsible for maintaining the Required condition on ControllerInstallations. Concretely, when there is at least one extension resource in the seed cluster a ControllerInstallation is responsible for, then the status of the Required condition will be True. If there are no extension resources anymore, its status will be False.

      This condition is taken into account by the ControllerRegistration controller part of gardener-controller-manager when it computes which extensions have to be deployed to which seed cluster. See Gardener Controller Manager for more details.

      NetworkPolicy Controller

      The NetworkPolicy controller reconciles NetworkPolicys in all relevant namespaces in the seed cluster and provides so-called “general” policies for access to the runtime cluster’s API server, DNS, public networks, etc.

      The controller resolves the IP address of the Kubernetes service in the default namespace and creates an egress NetworkPolicys for it.

      For more details about NetworkPolicys in Gardener, please see NetworkPolicys In Garden, Seed, Shoot Clusters.

      Seed Controller

      The Seed controller in the gardenlet reconciles Seed objects with the help of the following reconcilers.

      “Main Reconciler”

      This reconciler is responsible for managing the seed’s system components. Those comprise CA certificates, the various CustomResourceDefinitions, the logging and monitoring stacks, and few central components like gardener-resource-manager, etcd-druid, istio, etc.

      The reconciler also deploys a BackupBucket resource in the garden cluster in case the Seed's .spec.backup is set. It also checks whether the seed cluster’s Kubernetes version is at least the minimum supported version and errors in case this constraint is not met.

      This reconciler maintains the Bootstrapped condition, i.e. it sets it:

      • to Progressing before it executes its reconciliation flow.
      • to False in case an error occurs.
      • to True in case the reconciliation succeeded.

      “Care” Reconciler

      This reconciler checks whether the seed system components (deployed by the “main” reconciler) are healthy. It checks the .status.conditions of the backing ManagedResource created in the garden namespace of the seed cluster. A ManagedResource is considered “healthy” if the conditions ResourcesApplied=ResourcesHealthy=True and ResourcesProgressing=False.

      If all ManagedResources are healthy, then the SeedSystemComponentsHealthy condition of the Seed will be set to True. Otherwise, it will be set to False.

      If at least one ManagedResource is unhealthy and there is threshold configuration for the conditions (in .controllers.seedCare.conditionThresholds), then the status of the SeedSystemComponentsHealthy condition will be set:

      • to Progressing if it was True before.
      • to Progressing if it was Progressing before and the lastUpdateTime of the condition does not exceed the configured threshold duration yet.
      • to False if it was Progressing before and the lastUpdateTime of the condition exceeds the configured threshold duration.

      The condition thresholds can be used to prevent reporting issues too early just because there is a rollout or a short disruption. Only if the unhealthiness persists for at least the configured threshold duration, then the issues will be reported (by setting the status to False).

      “Lease” Reconciler

      This reconciler checks whether the connection to the seed cluster’s /healthz endpoint works. If this succeeds, then it renews a Lease resource in the garden cluster’s gardener-system-seed-lease namespace. This indicates a heartbeat to the external world, and internally the gardenlet sets its health status to true. In addition, the GardenletReady condition in the status of the Seed is set to True. The whole process is similar to what the kubelet does to report heartbeats for its Node resource and its KubeletReady condition. For more information, see this section.

      If the connection to the /healthz endpoint or the update of the Lease fails, then the internal health status of gardenlet is set to false. Also, this internal health status is set to false automatically after some time, in case the controller gets stuck for whatever reason. This internal health status is available via the gardenlet’s /healthz endpoint and is used for the livenessProbe in the gardenlet pod.

      Shoot Controller

      The Shoot controller in the gardenlet reconciles Shoot objects with the help of the following reconcilers.

      “Main” Reconciler

      This reconciler is responsible for managing all shoot cluster components and implements the core logic for creating, updating, hibernating, deleting, and migrating shoot clusters. It is also responsible for syncing the Cluster cluster to the seed cluster before and after each successful shoot reconciliation.

      The main reconciliation logic is performed in 3 different task flows dedicated to specific operation types:

      • reconcile (operations: create, reconcile, restore): this is the main flow responsible for creation and regular reconciliation of shoots. Hibernating a shoot also triggers this flow. It is also used for restoration of the shoot control plane on the new seed (second half of a Control Plane Migration)
      • migrate: this flow is triggered when spec.seedName specifies a different seed than status.seedName. It performs the first half of the Control Plane Migration, i.e., a backup (migrate operation) of all control plane components followed by a “shallow delete”.
      • delete: this flow is triggered when the shoot’s deletionTimestamp is set, i.e., when it is deleted.

      The gardenlet takes special care to prevent unnecessary shoot reconciliations. This is important for several reasons, e.g., to not overload the seed API servers and to not exhaust infrastructure rate limits too fast. The gardenlet performs shoot reconciliations according to the following rules:

      • If status.observedGeneration is less than metadata.generation: this is the case, e.g., when the spec was changed, a manual reconciliation operation was triggered, or the shoot was deleted.
      • If the last operation was not successful.
      • If the shoot is in a failed state, the gardenlet does not perform any reconciliation on the shoot (unless the retry operation was triggered). However, it syncs the Cluster resource to the seed in order to inform the extension controllers about the failed state.
      • Regular reconciliations are performed with every GardenletConfiguration.controllers.shoot.syncPeriod (defaults to 1h).
      • Shoot reconciliations are not performed if the assigned seed cluster is not healthy or has not been reconciled by the current gardenlet version yet (determined by the Seed.status.gardener section). This is done to make sure that shoots are reconciled with fully rolled out seed system components after a Gardener upgrade. Otherwise, the gardenlet might perform operations of the new version that doesn’t match the old version of the deployed seed system components, which might lead to unspecified behavior.

      There are a few special cases that overwrite or confine how often and under which circumstances periodic shoot reconciliations are performed:

      • In case the gardenlet config allows it (controllers.shoot.respectSyncPeriodOverwrite, disabled by default), the sync period for a shoot can be increased individually by setting the shoot.gardener.cloud/sync-period annotation. This is always allowed for shoots in the garden namespace. Shoots are not reconciled with a higher frequency than specified in GardenletConfiguration.controllers.shoot.syncPeriod.
      • In case the gardenlet config allows it (controllers.shoot.respectSyncPeriodOverwrite, disabled by default), shoots can be marked as “ignored” by setting the shoot.gardener.cloud/ignore annotation. In this case, the gardenlet does not perform any reconciliation for the shoot.
      • In case GardenletConfiguration.controllers.shoot.reconcileInMaintenanceOnly is enabled (disabled by default), the gardenlet performs regular shoot reconciliations only once in the respective maintenance time window (GardenletConfiguration.controllers.shoot.syncPeriod is ignored). The gardenlet randomly distributes shoot reconciliations over the maintenance time window to avoid high bursts of reconciliations (see Shoot Maintenance).
      • In case Shoot.spec.maintenance.confineSpecUpdateRollout is enabled (disabled by default), changes to the shoot specification are not rolled out immediately but only during the respective maintenance time window (see Shoot Maintenance).

      “Care” Reconciler

      This reconciler performs three “care” actions related to Shoots.

      Conditions

      It maintains five conditions and performs the following checks:

      • APIServerAvailable: The /healthz endpoint of the shoot’s kube-apiserver is called and considered healthy when it responds with 200 OK.
      • ControlPlaneHealthy: The control plane is considered healthy when the respective Deployments (for example kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager), and Etcds (for example etcd-main) exist and are healthy.
      • ObservabilityComponentsHealthy: This condition is considered healthy when the respective Deployments (for example plutono), StatefulSets (for example prometheus,vali), exist and are healthy.
      • EveryNodyReady: The conditions of the worker nodes are checked (e.g., Ready, MemoryPressure). Also, it’s checked whether the Kubernetes version of the installed kubelet matches the desired version specified in the Shoot resource.
      • SystemComponentsHealthy: The conditions of the ManagedResources are checked (e.g., ResourcesApplied). Also, it is verified whether the VPN tunnel connection is established (which is required for the kube-apiserver to communicate with the worker nodes).

      Sometimes, ManagedResources can have both Healthy and Progressing conditions set to True (e.g., when a DaemonSet rolls out one-by-one on a large cluster with many nodes) while this is not reflected in the Shoot status. In order to catch issues where the rollout gets stuck, one can set .controllers.shootCare.managedResourceProgressingThreshold in the gardenlet’s component configuration. If the Progressing condition is still True for more than the configured duration, the SystemComponentsHealthy condition in the Shoot is set to False, eventually.

      Each condition can optionally also have error codes in order to indicate which type of issue was detected (see Shoot Status for more details).

      Apart from the above, extension controllers can also contribute to the status or error codes of these conditions (see Contributing to Shoot Health Status Conditions for more details).

      If all checks for a certain conditions are succeeded, then its status will be set to True. Otherwise, it will be set to False.

      If at least one check fails and there is threshold configuration for the conditions (in .controllers.seedCare.conditionThresholds), then the status will be set:

      • to Progressing if it was True before.
      • to Progressing if it was Progressing before and the lastUpdateTime of the condition does not exceed the configured threshold duration yet.
      • to False if it was Progressing before and the lastUpdateTime of the condition exceeds the configured threshold duration.

      The condition thresholds can be used to prevent reporting issues too early just because there is a rollout or a short disruption. Only if the unhealthiness persists for at least the configured threshold duration, then the issues will be reported (by setting the status to False).

      Constraints And Automatic Webhook Remediation

      Please see Shoot Status for more details.

      Garbage Collection

      Stale pods in the shoot namespace in the seed cluster and in the kube-system namespace in the shoot cluster are deleted. A pod is considered stale when:

      • it was terminated with reason Evicted.
      • it was terminated with reason starting with OutOf (e.g., OutOfCpu).
      • it is stuck in termination (i.e., if its deletionTimestamp is more than 5m ago).

      ShootState Controller

      The ShootState controller in the gardenlet reconciles resources containing information that has to be synced to the ShootState. This information is used when a control plane migration is performed.

      “Extensions” Reconciler

      This reconciler watches resources in the extensions.gardener.cloud API group in the seed cluster which contain a Shoot-specific state or data. Those are BackupEntrys, ContainerRuntimes, ControlPlanes, DNSRecords, Extensions, Infrastructures, Networks, OperatingSystemConfigs, and Workers.

      When there is a change in the .status.state or .status.resources[] fields of these resources, then this information is synced into the ShootState resource in the garden cluster.

      “Secret” Reconciler

      This reconciler reconciles Secrets having labels managed-by=secrets-manager and persist=true in the shoot namespaces in the seed cluster. It syncs them to the ShootState so that the secrets can be restored from there in case a shoot control plane has to be restored to another seed cluster (in case of migration).

      Managed Seeds

      Gardener users can use shoot clusters as seed clusters, so-called “managed seeds” (aka “shooted seeds”), by creating ManagedSeed resources. By default, the gardenlet that manages this shoot cluster then automatically creates a clone of itself with the same version and the same configuration that it currently has. Then it deploys the gardenlet clone into the managed seed cluster.

      For more information, see Register Shoot as Seed.

      Migrating from Previous Gardener Versions

      If your Gardener version doesn’t support gardenlets yet, no special migration is required, but the following prerequisites must be met:

      • Your Gardener version is at least 0.31 before upgrading to v1.
      • You have to make sure that your garden cluster is exposed in a way that it’s reachable from all your seed clusters.

      With previous Gardener versions, you had deployed the Gardener Helm chart (incorporating the API server, controller-manager, and scheduler). With v1, this stays the same, but you now have to deploy the gardenlet Helm chart as well into all of your seeds (if they aren’t managed, as mentioned earlier).

      See Deploy a gardenlet for all instructions.

      2.10 - Operator

      Gardener Operator

      The gardener-operator is meant to be responsible for the garden cluster environment. Without this component, users must deploy ETCD, the Gardener control plane, etc., manually and with separate mechanisms (not maintained in this repository). This is quite unfortunate since this requires separate tooling, processes, etc. A lot of production- and enterprise-grade features were built into Gardener for managing the seed and shoot clusters, so it makes sense to re-use them as much as possible also for the garden cluster.

      ⚠️ Consider this component highly experimental and DO NOT use it in production.

      Deployment

      There is a Helm chart which can be used to deploy the gardener-operator. Once deployed and ready, you can create a Garden resource. Note that there can only be one Garden resource per system at a time.

      ℹ️ Similar to seed clusters, garden runtime clusters require a VPA, see this section. By default, gardener-operator deploys the VPA components. However, when there already is a VPA available, then set .spec.runtimeCluster.settings.verticalPodAutoscaler.enabled=false in the Garden resource.

      Using Garden Runtime Cluster As Seed Cluster

      In production scenarios, you probably wouldn’t use the Kubernetes cluster running gardener-operator and the Gardener control plane (called “runtime cluster”) as seed cluster at the same time. However, such setup is technically possible and might simplify certain situations (e.g., development, evaluation, …).

      If the runtime cluster is a seed cluster at the same time, gardenlet’s Seed controller will not manage the components which were already deployed (and reconciled) by gardener-operator. As of today, this applies to:

      • gardener-resource-manager
      • vpa-{admission-controller,recommender,updater}
      • hvpa-controller (when HVPA feature gate is enabled)
      • etcd-druid
      • istio control-plane

      Those components are so-called “seed system components”. As they were already made available by gardener-operator, the gardenlet just skips them.

      ℹ️ There is no need to configure anything - the gardenlet will automatically detect when its seed cluster is the garden runtime cluster at the same time.

      ⚠️ Note that such setup requires that you upgrade the versions of gardener-operator and gardenlet in lock-step. Otherwise, you might experience unexpected behaviour or issues with your seed or shoot clusters.

      Garden Resources

      Please find an exemplary Garden resource here.

      Settings For Runtime Cluster

      The Garden resource offers a few settings that are used to control the behaviour of gardener-operator in the runtime cluster. This section provides an overview over the available settings in .spec.runtimeCluster.settings:

      Load Balancer Services

      gardener-operator deploys Istio and relevant resources to the runtime cluster in order to expose the virtual-garden-kube-apiserver service (similar to how the kube-apiservers of shoot clusters are exposed). In most cases, the cloud-controller-manager (responsible for managing these load balancers on the respective underlying infrastructure) supports certain customization and settings via annotations. This document provides a good overview and many examples.

      By setting the .spec.settings.loadBalancerServices.annotations field the Gardener administrator can specify a list of annotations which will be injected into the Services of type LoadBalancer.

      Vertical Pod Autoscaler

      gardener-operator heavily relies on the Kubernetes vertical-pod-autoscaler component. By default, the Garden controller deploys the VPA components into the garden namespace of the respective runtime cluster. In case you want to manage the VPA deployment on your own or have a custom one, then you might want to disable the automatic deployment of gardener-operator. Otherwise, you might end up with two VPAs which will cause erratic behaviour. By setting the .spec.settings.verticalPodAutoscaler.enabled=false you can disable the automatic deployment.

      ⚠️ In any case, there must be a VPA available for your runtime cluster. Using a runtime cluster without VPA is not supported.

      Topology-Aware Traffic Routing

      Refer to the Topology-Aware Traffic Routing documentation as this document contains the documentation for the topology-aware routing setting for the garden runtime cluster.

      Credentials Rotation

      The credentials rotation works in the same way as it does for Shoot resources, i.e. there are gardener.cloud/operation annotation values for starting or completing the rotation procedures.

      For certificate authorities, gardener-operator generates one which is automatically rotated roughly each month (ca-garden-runtime) and several CAs which are NOT automatically rotated but only on demand.

      🚨 Hence, it is the responsibility of the (human) operator to regularly perform the credentials rotation.

      Please refer to this document for more details. As of today, gardener-operator only creates the following types of credentials (i.e., some sections of the document don’t apply for Gardens and can be ignored):

      • certificate authorities (and related server and client certificates)
      • ETCD encryption key
      • ServiceAccount token signing key

      ⚠️ Rotation of static ServiceAccount secrets is not supported since the kube-controller-manager does not enable the serviceaccount-token controller.

      Local Development

      The easiest setup is using a local KinD cluster and the Skaffold based approach to deploy and develop the gardener-operator.

      Setting Up the KinD Cluster (runtime cluster)

      make kind-operator-up
      

      This command sets up a new KinD cluster named gardener-local and stores the kubeconfig in the ./example/gardener-local/kind/operator/kubeconfig file.

      It might be helpful to copy this file to $HOME/.kube/config, since you will need to target this KinD cluster multiple times. Alternatively, make sure to set your KUBECONFIG environment variable to ./example/gardener-local/kind/operator/kubeconfig for all future steps via export KUBECONFIG=example/gardener-local/kind/operator/kubeconfig.

      All the following steps assume that you are using this kubeconfig.

      Setting Up Gardener Operator

      make operator-up
      

      This will first build the base images (which might take a bit if you do it for the first time). Afterwards, the Gardener Operator resources will be deployed into the cluster.

      Developing Gardener Operator (Optional)

      make operator-dev
      

      This is similar to make operator-up but additionally starts a skaffold dev loop. After the initial deployment, skaffold starts watching source files. Once it has detected changes, press any key to trigger a new build and deployment of the changed components.

      Creating a Garden

      In order to create a garden, just run:

      kubectl apply -f example/operator/20-garden.yaml
      

      You can wait for the Garden to be ready by running:

      ./hack/usage/wait-for.sh garden garden Reconciled
      

      Alternatively, you can run kubectl get garden and wait for the RECONCILED status to reach True:

      NAME     RECONCILED    AGE
      garden   Progressing   1s
      

      (Optional): Instead of creating above Garden resource manually, you could execute the e2e tests by running:

      make test-e2e-local-operator
      

      Accessing the Virtual Garden Cluster

      ⚠️ Please note that in this setup, the virtual garden cluster is not accessible by default when you download the kubeconfig and try to communicate with it. The reason is that your host most probably cannot resolve the DNS name of the cluster. Hence, if you want to access the virtual garden cluster, you have to run the following command which will extend your /etc/hosts file with the required information to make the DNS names resolvable:

      cat <<EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
      
      # Manually created to access local Gardener virtual garden cluster.
      # TODO: Remove this again when the virtual garden cluster access is no longer required.
      127.0.0.1 api.virtual-garden.local.gardener.cloud
      EOF
      

      To access the virtual garden, you can acquire a kubeconfig by

      kubectl -n garden get secret gardener -o jsonpath={.data.kubeconfig} | base64 -d > /tmp/virtual-garden-kubeconfig
      kubectl --kubeconfig /tmp/virtual-garden-kubeconfig get namespaces
      

      Note that this kubeconfig uses a token that has validity of 12h only, hence it might expire and causing you to re-download the kubeconfig.

      Deleting the Garden

      ./hack/usage/delete garden garden
      

      Tear Down the Gardener Operator Environment

      make operator-down
      make kind-operator-down
      

      Alternative Development Variant

      An alternative approach is to start the process locally and manually deploy the CustomResourceDefinition for the Garden resources into the targeted cluster (potentially remote):

      kubectl create -f example/operator/10-crd-operator.gardener.cloud_gardens.yaml
      make start-operator KUBECONFIG=...
      
      # now you can create Garden resources, for example
      kubectl create -f example/operator/20-garden.yaml
      # alternatively, you can run the e2e test
      make test-e2e-local-operator KUBECONFIG=...
      

      Implementation Details

      Controllers

      As of today, the gardener-operator only has one controller which is now described in more detail.

      Garden Controller

      The reconciler first generates a general CA certificate which is valid for ~30d and auto-rotated when 80% of its lifetime is reached. Afterwards, it brings up the so-called “garden system components”. The gardener-resource-manager is deployed first since its ManagedResource controller will be used to bring up the remainders.

      Other system components are:

      • garden system resources (PriorityClasses for the workload resources)
      • Vertical Pod Autoscaler (if enabled via .spec.runtimeCluster.settings.verticalPodAutoscaler.enabled=true in the Garden)
      • HVPA controller (when HVPA feature gate is enabled)
      • ETCD Druid
      • Istio

      As soon as all system components are up, the reconciler deploys the virtual garden cluster. It comprises out of two ETCDs (one “main” etcd, one “events” etcd) which are managed by ETCD Druid via druid.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.Etcd custom resources. The whole management works similar to how it works for Shoots, so you can take a look at this document for more information in general.

      The virtual garden control plane components are:

      • virtual-garden-etcd-main
      • virtual-garden-etcd-events
      • virtual-garden-kube-apiserver
      • virtual-garden-kube-controller-manager
      • virtual-garden-gardener-resource-manager

      If the .spec.virtualCluster.controlPlane.highAvailability={} is set then these components will be deployed in a “highly available” mode. For ETCD, this means that there will be 3 replicas each. This works similar like for Shoots (see this document) except for the fact that there is no failure tolerance type configurability. The gardener-resource-manager’s HighAvailabilityConfig webhook makes sure that all pods with multiple replicas are spread on nodes, and if there are at least two zones in .spec.runtimeCluster.provider.zones then they also get spread across availability zones.

      If once set, removing .spec.virtualCluster.controlPlane.highAvailability again is not supported.

      The virtual-garden-kube-apiserver Deployment is exposed via a Service of type LoadBalancer with the same name. In the future, we will switch to exposing it via Istio, similar to how the kube-apiservers of shoot clusters are exposed.

      Similar to the Shoot API, the version of the virtual garden cluster is controlled via .spec.virtualCluster.kubernetes.version. Likewise, specific configuration for the control plane components can be provided in the same section, e.g. via .spec.virtualCluster.kubernetes.kubeAPIServer for the kube-apiserver or .spec.virtualCluster.kubernetes.kubeControllerManager for the kube-controller-manager.

      The kube-controller-manager only runs a very few controllers that are necessary in the scenario of the virtual garden. Most prominently, the serviceaccount-token controller is unconditionally disabled. Hence, the usage of static ServiceAccount secrets is not supported generally. Instead, the TokenRequest API should be used. Third-party components that need to communicate with the virtual cluster can leverage the gardener-resource-manager’s TokenRequestor controller and the generic kubeconfig, just like it works for Shoots.

      For the virtual cluster, it is essential to provide a DNS domain via .spec.virtualCluster.dns.domain. The respective DNS record is not managed by gardener-operator and should be manually created and pointed to the load balancer IP of the virtual-garden-kube-apiserver Service. The DNS domain is used for the server in the kubeconfig, and for configuring the --external-hostname flag of the API server.

      It is also mandatory to provide an IPv4 CIDR for the service network of the virtual cluster via .spec.virtualCluster.networking.services. This range is used by the API server to compute the cluster IPs of Services.

      The controller maintains the Reconciled condition which indicates the status of an operation.

      NetworkPolicy Controller Registrar

      This controller registers the same NetworkPolicy controller which is also used in gardenlet, please read it up here for more details.

      The registration happens as soon as the Garden resource is created. It contains the networking information of the garden runtime cluster which is required configuration for the NetworkPolicy controller.

      Webhooks

      As of today, the gardener-operator only has one webhook handler which is now described in more detail.

      Validation

      This webhook handler validates CREATE/UPDATE/DELETE operations on Garden resources. Simple validation is performed via standard CRD validation. However, more advanced validation is hard to express via these means and is performed by this webhook handler.

      Furthermore, for deletion requests, it is validated that the Garden is annotated with a deletion confirmation annotation, namely confirmation.gardener.cloud/deletion=true. Only if this annotation is present it allows the DELETE operation to pass. This prevents users from accidental/undesired deletions.

      Another validation is to check that there is only one Garden resource at a time. It prevents creating a second Garden when there is already one in the system.

      Defaulting

      This webhook handler mutates the Garden resource on CREATE/UPDATE/DELETE operations. Simple defaulting is performed via standard CRD defaulting. However, more advanced defaulting is hard to express via these means and is performed by this webhook handler.

      2.11 - Resource Manager

      Gardener Resource Manager

      Initially, the gardener-resource-manager was a project similar to the kube-addon-manager. It manages Kubernetes resources in a target cluster which means that it creates, updates, and deletes them. Also, it makes sure that manual modifications to these resources are reconciled back to the desired state.

      In the Gardener project we were using the kube-addon-manager since more than two years. While we have progressed with our extensibility story (moving cloud providers out-of-tree), we had decided that the kube-addon-manager is no longer suitable for this use-case. The problem with it is that it needs to have its managed resources on its file system. This requires storing the resources in ConfigMaps or Secrets and mounting them to the kube-addon-manager pod during deployment time. The gardener-resource-manager uses CustomResourceDefinitions which allows to dynamically add, change, and remove resources with immediate action and without the need to reconfigure the volume mounts/restarting the pod.

      Meanwhile, the gardener-resource-manager has evolved to a more generic component comprising several controllers and webhook handlers. It is deployed by gardenlet once per seed (in the garden namespace) and once per shoot (in the respective shoot namespaces in the seed).

      Component Configuration

      Similar to other Gardener components, the gardener-resource-manager uses a so-called component configuration file. It allows specifying certain central settings like log level and formatting, client connection configuration, server ports and bind addresses, etc. In addition, controllers and webhooks can be configured and sometimes even disabled.

      Note that the very basic ManagedResource, secret, and health controllers cannot be disabled.

      You can find an example configuration file here.

      Controllers

      ManagedResource Controller

      This controller watches custom objects called ManagedResources in the resources.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1 API group. These objects contain references to secrets, which itself contain the resources to be managed. The reason why a Secret is used to store the resources is that they could contain confidential information like credentials.

      ---
      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Secret
      metadata:
        name: managedresource-example1
        namespace: default
      type: Opaque
      data:
        objects.yaml: YXBpVmVyc2lvbjogdjEKa2luZDogQ29uZmlnTWFwCm1ldGFkYXRhOgogIG5hbWU6IHRlc3QtMTIzNAogIG5hbWVzcGFjZTogZGVmYXVsdAotLS0KYXBpVmVyc2lvbjogdjEKa2luZDogQ29uZmlnTWFwCm1ldGFkYXRhOgogIG5hbWU6IHRlc3QtNTY3OAogIG5hbWVzcGFjZTogZGVmYXVsdAo=
          # apiVersion: v1
          # kind: ConfigMap
          # metadata:
          #   name: test-1234
          #   namespace: default
          # ---
          # apiVersion: v1
          # kind: ConfigMap
          # metadata:
          #   name: test-5678
          #   namespace: default
      ---
      apiVersion: resources.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
      kind: ManagedResource
      metadata:
        name: example
        namespace: default
      spec:
        secretRefs:
        - name: managedresource-example1
      

      In the above example, the controller creates two ConfigMaps in the default namespace. When a user is manually modifying them, they will be reconciled back to the desired state stored in the managedresource-example secret.

      It is also possible to inject labels into all the resources:

      ---
      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Secret
      metadata:
        name: managedresource-example2
        namespace: default
      type: Opaque
      data:
        other-objects.yaml: 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
          # apiVersion: apps/v1
          # kind: Deployment
          # metadata:
          #   name: nginx-deployment
          # spec:
          #   selector:
          #     matchLabels:
          #       app: nginx
          #   replicas: 2 # tells deployment to run 2 pods matching the template
          #   template:
          #     metadata:
          #       labels:
          #         app: nginx
          #     spec:
          #       containers:
          #       - name: nginx
          #         image: nginx:1.7.9
          #         ports:
          #         - containerPort: 80
      
      ---
      apiVersion: resources.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1
      kind: ManagedResource
      metadata:
        name: example
        namespace: default
      spec:
        secretRefs:
        - name: managedresource-example2
        injectLabels:
          foo: bar
      

      In this example, the label foo=bar will be injected into the Deployment, as well as into all created ReplicaSets and Pods.

      Preventing Reconciliations

      If a ManagedResource is annotated with resources.gardener.cloud/ignore=true, then it will be skipped entirely by the controller (no reconciliations or deletions of managed resources at all). However, when the ManagedResource itself is deleted (for example when a shoot is deleted), then the annotation is not respected and all resources will be deleted as usual. This feature can be helpful to temporarily patch/change resources managed as part of such ManagedResource. Condition checks will be skipped for such ManagedResources.

      Modes

      The gardener-resource-manager can manage a resource in the following supported modes:

      • Ignore
        • The corresponding resource is removed from the ManagedResource status (.status.resources). No action is performed on the cluster.
        • The resource is no longer “managed” (updated or deleted).
        • The primary use case is a migration of a resource from one ManagedResource to another one.

      The mode for a resource can be specified with the resources.gardener.cloud/mode annotation. The annotation should be specified in the encoded resource manifest in the Secret that is referenced by the ManagedResource.

      Skipping Health Check

      If a resource in the ManagedResource is annotated with resources.gardener.cloud/skip-health-check=true, then the resource will be skipped during health checks by the health controller. The ManagedResource conditions will not reflect the health condition of this resource anymore. The ResourcesProgressing condition will also be set to False.

      Resource Class

      By default, the gardener-resource-manager controller watches for ManagedResources in all namespaces. The .sourceClientConnection.namespace field in the component configuration restricts the watch to ManagedResources in a single namespace only. Note that this setting also affects all other controllers and webhooks since it’s a central configuration.

      A ManagedResource has an optional .spec.class field that allows it to indicate that it belongs to a given class of resources. The .controllers.resourceClass field in the component configuration restricts the watch to ManagedResources with the given .spec.class. A default class is assumed if no class is specified.

      Conditions

      A ManagedResource has a ManagedResourceStatus, which has an array of Conditions. Conditions currently include:

      ConditionDescription
      ResourcesAppliedTrue if all resources are applied to the target cluster
      ResourcesHealthyTrue if all resources are present and healthy
      ResourcesProgressingFalse if all resources have been fully rolled out

      ResourcesApplied may be False when:

      • the resource apiVersion is not known to the target cluster
      • the resource spec is invalid (for example the label value does not match the required regex for it)

      ResourcesHealthy may be False when:

      • the resource is not found
      • the resource is a Deployment and the Deployment does not have the minimum availability.

      ResourcesProgressing may be True when:

      • a Deployment, StatefulSet or DaemonSet has not been fully rolled out yet, i.e. not all replicas have been updated with the latest changes to spec.template.

      Each Kubernetes resources has different notion for being healthy. For example, a Deployment is considered healthy if the controller observed its current revision and if the number of updated replicas is equal to the number of replicas.

      The following status.conditions section describes a healthy ManagedResource:

      conditions:
      - lastTransitionTime: "2022-05-03T10:55:39Z"
        lastUpdateTime: "2022-05-03T10:55:39Z"
        message: All resources are healthy.
        reason: ResourcesHealthy
        status: "True"
        type: ResourcesHealthy
      - lastTransitionTime: "2022-05-03T10:55:36Z"
        lastUpdateTime: "2022-05-03T10:55:36Z"
        message: All resources have been fully rolled out.
        reason: ResourcesRolledOut
        status: "False"
        type: ResourcesProgressing
      - lastTransitionTime: "2022-05-03T10:55:18Z"
        lastUpdateTime: "2022-05-03T10:55:18Z"
        message: All resources are applied.
        reason: ApplySucceeded
        status: "True"
        type: ResourcesApplied
      

      Ignoring Updates

      In some cases, it is not desirable to update or re-apply some of the cluster components (for example, if customization is required or needs to be applied by the end-user). For these resources, the annotation “resources.gardener.cloud/ignore” needs to be set to “true” or a truthy value (Truthy values are “1”, “t”, “T”, “true”, “TRUE”, “True”) in the corresponding managed resource secrets. This can be done from the components that create the managed resource secrets, for example Gardener extensions or Gardener. Once this is done, the resource will be initially created and later ignored during reconciliation.

      Preserving replicas or resources in Workload Resources

      The objects which are part of the ManagedResource can be annotated with:

      • resources.gardener.cloud/preserve-replicas=true in case the .spec.replicas field of workload resources like Deployments, StatefulSets, etc., shall be preserved during updates.
      • resources.gardener.cloud/preserve-resources=true in case the .spec.containers[*].resources fields of all containers of workload resources like Deployments, StatefulSets, etc., shall be preserved during updates.

      This can be useful if there are non-standard horizontal/vertical auto-scaling mechanisms in place. Standard mechanisms like HorizontalPodAutoscaler or VerticalPodAutoscaler will be auto-recognized by gardener-resource-manager, i.e., in such cases the annotations are not needed.

      Origin

      All the objects managed by the resource manager get a dedicated annotation resources.gardener.cloud/origin describing the ManagedResource object that describes this object. The default format is <namespace>/<objectname>.

      In multi-cluster scenarios (the ManagedResource objects are maintained in a cluster different from the one the described objects are managed), it might be useful to include the cluster identity, as well.

      This can be enforced by setting the .controllers.clusterID field in the component configuration. Here, several possibilities are supported:

      • given a direct value: use this as id for the source cluster.
      • <cluster>: read the cluster identity from a cluster-identity config map in the kube-system namespace (attribute cluster-identity). This is automatically maintained in all clusters managed or involved in a gardener landscape.
      • <default>: try to read the cluster identity from the config map. If not found, no identity is used.
      • empty string: no cluster identity is used (completely cluster local scenarios).

      By default, cluster id is not used. If cluster id is specified, the format is <cluster id>:<namespace>/<objectname>.

      In addition to the origin annotation, all objects managed by the resource manager get a dedicated label resources.gardener.cloud/managed-by. This label can be used to describe these objects with a selector. By default it is set to “gardener”, but this can be overwritten by setting the .conrollers.managedResources.managedByLabelValue field in the component configuration.

      Garbage Collector For Immutable ConfigMaps/Secrets

      In Kubernetes, workload resources (e.g., Pods) can mount ConfigMaps or Secrets or reference them via environment variables in containers. Typically, when the content of such a ConfigMap/Secret gets changed, then the respective workload is usually not dynamically reloading the configuration, i.e., a restart is required. The most commonly used approach is probably having the so-called checksum annotations in the pod template, which makes Kubernetes recreate the pod if the checksum changes. However, it has the downside that old, still running versions of the workload might not be able to properly work with the already updated content in the ConfigMap/Secret, potentially causing application outages.

      In order to protect users from such outages (and also to improve the performance of the cluster), the Kubernetes community provides the “immutable ConfigMaps/Secrets feature”. Enabling immutability requires ConfigMaps/Secrets to have unique names. Having unique names requires the client to delete ConfigMaps/Secrets no longer in use.

      In order to provide a similarly lightweight experience for clients (compared to the well-established checksum annotation approach), the gardener-resource-manager features an optional garbage collector controller (disabled by default). The purpose of this controller is cleaning up such immutable ConfigMaps/Secrets if they are no longer in use.

      How Does the Garbage Collector Work?

      The following algorithm is implemented in the GC controller:

      1. List all ConfigMaps and Secrets labeled with resources.gardener.cloud/garbage-collectable-reference=true.
      2. List all Deployments, StatefulSets, DaemonSets, Jobs, CronJobs, Pods and for each of them:
        • iterate over the .metadata.annotations and for each of them:
          • If the annotation key follows the reference.resources.gardener.cloud/{configmap,secret}-<hash> scheme and the value equals <name>, then consider it as “in-use”.
      3. Delete all ConfigMaps and Secrets not considered as “in-use”.

      Consequently, clients need to:

      1. Create immutable ConfigMaps/Secrets with unique names (e.g., a checksum suffix based on the .data).

      2. Label such ConfigMaps/Secrets with resources.gardener.cloud/garbage-collectable-reference=true.

      3. Annotate their workload resources with reference.resources.gardener.cloud/{configmap,secret}-<hash>=<name> for all ConfigMaps/Secrets used by the containers of the respective Pods.

        ⚠️ Add such annotations to .metadata.annotations, as well as to all templates of other resources (e.g., .spec.template.metadata.annotations in Deployments or .spec.jobTemplate.metadata.annotations and .spec.jobTemplate.spec.template.metadata.annotations for CronJobs. This ensures that the GC controller does not unintentionally consider ConfigMaps/Secrets as “not in use” just because there isn’t a Pod referencing them anymore (e.g., they could still be used by a Deployment scaled down to 0).

      ℹ️ For the last step, there is a helper function InjectAnnotations in the pkg/controller/garbagecollector/references, which you can use for your convenience.

      Example:

      ---
      apiVersion: v1
      kind: ConfigMap
      metadata:
        name: test-1234
        namespace: default
        labels:
          resources.gardener.cloud/garbage-collectable-reference: "true"
      ---
      apiVersion: v1
      kind: ConfigMap
      metadata:
        name: test-5678
        namespace: default
        labels:
          resources.gardener.cloud/garbage-collectable-reference: "true"
      ---
      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Pod
      metadata:
        name: example
        namespace: default
        annotations:
          reference.resources.gardener.cloud/configmap-82a3537f: test-5678
      spec:
        containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:1.14.2
          terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 2
      

      The GC controller would delete the ConfigMap/test-1234 because it is considered as not “in-use”.

      ℹ️ If the GC controller is activated then the ManagedResource controller will no longer delete ConfigMaps/Secrets having the above label.

      How to Activate the Garbage Collector?

      The GC controller can be activated by setting the .controllers.garbageCollector.enabled field to true in the component configuration.

      TokenInvalidator Controller

      The Kubernetes community is slowly transitioning from static ServiceAccount token Secrets to ServiceAccount Token Volume Projection. Typically, when you create a ServiceAccount

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: ServiceAccount
      metadata:
        name: default
      

      then the serviceaccount-token controller (part of kube-controller-manager) auto-generates a Secret with a static token:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Secret
      metadata:
         annotations:
            kubernetes.io/service-account.name: default
            kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 86e98645-2e05-11e9-863a-b2d4d086dd5a)
         name: default-token-ntxs9
      type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
      data:
         ca.crt: base64(cluster-ca-cert)
         namespace: base64(namespace)
         token: base64(static-jwt-token)
      

      Unfortunately, when using ServiceAccount Token Volume Projection in a Pod, this static token is actually not used at all:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Pod
      metadata:
        name: nginx
      spec:
        serviceAccountName: default
        containers:
        - image: nginx
          name: nginx
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/tokens
            name: token
        volumes:
        - name: token
          projected:
            sources:
            - serviceAccountToken:
                path: token
                expirationSeconds: 7200
      

      While the Pod is now using an expiring and auto-rotated token, the static token is still generated and valid.

      As of Kubernetes v1.22, there is neither a way of preventing kube-controller-manager to generate such static tokens, nor a way to proactively remove or invalidate them:

      Disabling the serviceaccount-token controller is an option, however, especially in the Gardener context it may either break end-users or it may not even be possible to control such settings. Also, even if a future Kubernetes version supports native configuration of the above behaviour, Gardener still supports older versions which won’t get such features but need a solution as well.

      This is where the TokenInvalidator comes into play: Since it is not possible to prevent kube-controller-manager from generating static ServiceAccount Secrets, the TokenInvalidator is, as its name suggests, just invalidating these tokens. It considers all such Secrets belonging to ServiceAccounts with .automountServiceAccountToken=false. By default, all namespaces in the target cluster are watched, however, this can be configured by specifying the .targetClientConnection.namespace field in the component configuration. Note that this setting also affects all other controllers and webhooks since it’s a central configuration.

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: ServiceAccount
      metadata:
        name: my-serviceaccount
      automountServiceAccountToken: false
      

      This will result in a static ServiceAccount token secret whose token value is invalid:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Secret
      metadata:
        annotations:
          kubernetes.io/service-account.name: my-serviceaccount
          kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 86e98645-2e05-11e9-863a-b2d4d086dd5a
        name: my-serviceaccount-token-ntxs9
      type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
      data:
        ca.crt: base64(cluster-ca-cert)
        namespace: base64(namespace)
        token: AAAA
      

      Any attempt to regenerate the token or creating a new such secret will again make the component invalidating it.

      You can opt-out of this behaviour for ServiceAccounts setting .automountServiceAccountToken=false by labeling them with token-invalidator.resources.gardener.cloud/skip=true.

      In order to enable the TokenInvalidator you have to set both .controllers.tokenValidator.enabled=true and .webhooks.tokenValidator.enabled=true in the component configuration.

      The below graphic shows an overview of the Token Invalidator for Service account secrets in the Shoot cluster. image

      TokenRequestor Controller

      This controller provides the service to create and auto-renew tokens via the TokenRequest API.

      It provides a functionality similar to the kubelet’s Service Account Token Volume Projection. It was created to handle the special case of issuing tokens to pods that run in a different cluster than the API server they communicate with (hence, using the native token volume projection feature is not possible).

      The controller differentiates between source cluster and target cluster. The source cluster hosts the gardener-resource-manager pod. Secrets in this cluster are watched and modified by the controller. The target cluster can be configured to point to another cluster. The existence of ServiceAccounts are ensured and token requests are issued against the target. When the gardener-resource-manager is deployed next to the Shoot’s controlplane in the Seed, the source cluster is the Seed while the target cluster points to the Shoot.

      Reconciliation Loop

      This controller reconciles secrets in all namespaces in the source cluster with the label: resources.gardener.cloud/purpose: token-requestor. See this yaml file for an example of the secret.

      The controller ensures a ServiceAccount exists in the target cluster as specified in the annotations of the Secret in the source cluster:

      serviceaccount.resources.gardener.cloud/name: <sa-name>
      serviceaccount.resources.gardener.cloud/namespace: <sa-namespace>
      

      The requested tokens will act with the privileges which are assigned to this ServiceAccount.

      The controller will then request a token via the TokenRequest API and populate it into the .data.token field to the Secret in the source cluster.

      Alternatively, the client can provide a raw kubeconfig (in YAML or JSON format) via the Secret’s .data.kubeconfig field. The controller will then populate the requested token in the kubeconfig for the user used in the .current-context. For example, if .data.kubeconfig is

      apiVersion: v1
      clusters:
      - cluster:
          certificate-authority-data: AAAA
          server: some-server-url
        name: shoot--foo--bar
      contexts:
      - context:
          cluster: shoot--foo--bar
          user: shoot--foo--bar-token
        name: shoot--foo--bar
      current-context: shoot--foo--bar
      kind: Config
      preferences: {}
      users:
      - name: shoot--foo--bar-token
        user:
          token: ""
      

      then the .users[0].user.token field of the kubeconfig will be updated accordingly.

      The controller also adds an annotation to the Secret to keep track when to renew the token before it expires. By default, the tokens are issued to expire after 12 hours. The expiration time can be set with the following annotation:

      serviceaccount.resources.gardener.cloud/token-expiration-duration: 6h
      

      It automatically renews once 80% of the lifetime is reached, or after 24h.

      Optionally, the controller can also populate the token into a Secret in the target cluster. This can be requested by annotating the Secret in the source cluster with:

      token-requestor.resources.gardener.cloud/target-secret-name: "foo"
      token-requestor.resources.gardener.cloud/target-secret-namespace: "bar"
      

      Overall, the TokenRequestor controller provides credentials with limited lifetime (JWT tokens) used by Shoot control plane components running in the Seed to talk to the Shoot API Server. Please see the graphic below:

      image

      Kubelet Server CertificateSigningRequest Approver

      Gardener configures the kubelets such that they request two certificates via the CertificateSigningRequest API:

      1. client certificate for communicating with the kube-apiserver
      2. server certificate for serving its HTTPS server

      For client certificates, the kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet signer is used (see Certificate Signing Requests for more details). The kube-controller-manager’s csrapprover controller is responsible for auto-approving such CertificateSigningRequests so that the respective certificates can be issued.

      For server certificates, the kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving signer is used. Unfortunately, the kube-controller-manager is not able to auto-approve such CertificateSigningRequests (see kubernetes/kubernetes#73356 for details).

      That’s the motivation for having this controller as part of gardener-resource-manager. It watches CertificateSigningRequests with the kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving signer and auto-approves them when all the following conditions are met:

      • The .spec.username is prefixed with system:node:.
      • There must be at least one DNS name or IP address as part of the certificate SANs.
      • The common name in the CSR must match the .spec.username.
      • The organization in the CSR must only contain system:nodes.
      • There must be a Node object with the same name in the shoot cluster.
      • There must be exactly one Machine for the node in the seed cluster.
      • The DNS names part of the SANs must be equal to all .status.addresses[] of type Hostname in the Node.
      • The IP addresses part of the SANs must be equal to all .status.addresses[] of type InternalIP in the Node.

      If any one of these requirements is violated, the CertificateSigningRequest will be denied. Otherwise, once approved, the kube-controller-manager’s csrsigner controller will issue the requested certificate.

      NetworkPolicy Controller

      This controller reconciles Services with a non-empty .spec.podSelector. It creates two NetworkPolicys for each port in the .spec.ports[] list. For example:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Service
      metadata:
        name: gardener-resource-manager
        namespace: a
      spec:
        selector:
          app: gardener-resource-manager
        ports:
        - name: server
          port: 443
          protocol: TCP
          targetPort: 10250
      

      leads to

      apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
      kind: NetworkPolicy
      metadata:
        annotations:
          gardener.cloud/description: Allows ingress TCP traffic to port 10250 for pods
            selected by the a/gardener-resource-manager service selector from pods running
            in namespace a labeled with map[networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250:allowed].
        name: ingress-to-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250
        namespace: a
      spec:
        ingress:
        - from:
          - podSelector:
              matchLabels:
                networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250: allowed
          ports:
          - port: 10250
            protocol: TCP
        podSelector:
          matchLabels:
            app: gardener-resource-manager
        policyTypes:
        - Ingress
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
      kind: NetworkPolicy
      metadata:
        annotations:
          gardener.cloud/description: Allows egress TCP traffic to port 10250 from pods
            running in namespace a labeled with map[networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250:allowed]
            to pods selected by the a/gardener-resource-manager service selector.
        name: egress-to-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250
        namespace: a
      spec:
        egress:
        - to:
          - podSelector:
              matchLabels:
                app: gardener-resource-manager
          ports:
          - port: 10250
            protocol: TCP
        podSelector:
          matchLabels:
            networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250: allowed
        policyTypes:
        - Egress
      

      A component that initiates the connection to gardener-resource-manager’s tcp/10250 port can now be labeled with networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250=allowed. That’s all this component needs to do - it does not need to create any NetworkPolicys itself.

      Cross-Namespace Communication

      Apart from this “simple” case where both communicating components run in the same namespace a, there is also the cross-namespace communication case. With above example, let’s say there are components running in another namespace b, and they would like to initiate the communication with gardener-resource-manager in a. To cover this scenario, the Service can be annotated with networking.resources.gardener.cloud/namespace-selectors='[{"matchLabels":{"kubernetes.io/metadata.name":"b"}}]'.

      Note that you can specify multiple namespace selectors in this annotation which are OR-ed.

      This will make the controller create additional NetworkPolicys as follows:

      apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
      kind: NetworkPolicy
      metadata:
        annotations:
          gardener.cloud/description: Allows ingress TCP traffic to port 10250 for pods selected
            by the a/gardener-resource-manager service selector from pods running in namespace b
            labeled with map[networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-a-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250:allowed].
        name: ingress-to-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250-from-b
        namespace: a
      spec:
        ingress:
        - from:
          - namespaceSelector:
              matchLabels:
                kubernetes.io/metadata.name: b
            podSelector:
              matchLabels:
                networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-a-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250: allowed
          ports:
          - port: 10250
            protocol: TCP
        podSelector:
          matchLabels:
            app: gardener-resource-manager
        policyTypes:
        - Ingress
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
      kind: NetworkPolicy
      metadata:
        annotations:
          gardener.cloud/description: Allows egress TCP traffic to port 10250 from pods running in
            namespace b labeled with map[networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-a-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250:allowed]
            to pods selected by the a/gardener-resource-manager service selector.
        name: egress-to-a-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250
        namespace: b
      spec:
        egress:
        - to:
          - namespaceSelector:
              matchLabels:
                kubernetes.io/metadata.name: a
            podSelector:
              matchLabels:
                app: gardener-resource-manager
          ports:
          - port: 10250
            protocol: TCP
        podSelector:
          matchLabels:
            networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-a-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250: allowed
        policyTypes:
        - Egress
      

      The components in namespace b now need to be labeled with networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-a-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250=allowed, but that’s already it.

      Obviously, this approach also works for namespace selectors different from kubernetes.io/metadata.name to cover scenarios where the namespace name is not known upfront or where multiple namespaces with a similar label are relevant. The controller creates two dedicated policies for each namespace matching the selectors.

      Service Targets In Multiple Namespaces

      Finally, let’s say there is a Service called example which exists in different namespaces whose names are not static (e.g., foo-1, foo-2), and a component in namespace bar wants to initiate connections with all of them.

      The example Services in these namespaces can now be annotated with networking.resources.gardener.cloud/namespace-selectors='[{"matchLabels":{"kubernetes.io/metadata.name":"bar"}}]'. As a consequence, the component in namespace bar now needs to be labeled with networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-foo-1-example-tcp-8080=allowed, networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-foo-2-example-tcp-8080=allowed, etc. This approach does not work in practice, however, since the namespace names are neither static nor known upfront.

      To overcome this, it is possible to specify an alias for the concrete namespace in the pod label selector via the networking.resources.gardener.cloud/pod-label-selector-namespace-alias annotation.

      In above case, the example Service in the foo-* namespaces could be annotated with networking.resources.gardener.cloud/pod-label-selector-namespace-alias=all-foos. This would modify the label selector in all NetworkPolicys related to cross-namespace communication, i.e. instead of networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-foo-{1,2,...}-example-tcp-8080=allowed, networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-all-foos-example-tcp-8080=allowed would be used. Now the component in namespace bar only needs this single label and is able to talk to all such Services in the different namespaces.

      Real-world examples for this scenario are the kube-apiserver Service (which exists in all shoot namespaces), or the istio-ingressgateway Service (which exists in all istio-ingress* namespaces). In both cases, the names of the namespaces are not statically known and depend on user input.

      Overwriting The Pod Selector Label

      For a component which initiates the connection to many other components, it’s sometimes impractical to specify all the respective labels in its pod template. For example, let’s say a component foo talks to bar{0..9} on ports tcp/808{0..9}. foo would need to have the ten networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-bar{0..9}-tcp-808{0..9}=allowed labels.

      As an alternative and to simplify this, it is also possible to annotate the targeted Services with networking.resources.gardener.cloud/from-<some-alias>-allowed-ports. For our example, <some-alias> could be all-bars.

      As a result, component foo just needs to have the label networking.resources.gardener.cloud/to-all-bars=allowed instead of all the other ten explicit labels.

      ⚠️ Note that this also requires to specify the list of allowed container ports as annotation value since the pod selector label will no longer be specific for a dedicated service/port. For our example, the Service for barX with X in {0..9} needs to be annotated with networking.resources.gardener.cloud/from-all-bars-allowed-ports=[{"port":808X,"protocol":"TCP"}] in addition.

      Real-world examples for this scenario are the Prometheis in seed clusters which initiate the communication to a lot of components in order to scrape their metrics. Another example is the kube-apiserver which initiates the communication to webhook servers (potentially of extension components that are not known by Gardener itself).

      Ingress From Everywhere

      All above scenarios are about components initiating connections to some targets. However, some components also receive incoming traffic from sources outside the cluster. This traffic requires adequate ingress policies so that it can be allowed.

      To cover this scenario, the Service can be annotated with networking.resources.gardener.cloud/from-world-to-ports=[{"port":"10250","protocol":"TCP"}]. As a result, the controller creates the following NetworkPolicy:

      apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
      kind: NetworkPolicy
      metadata:
        name: ingress-to-gardener-resource-manager-from-world
        namespace: a
      spec:
        ingress:
        - from:
          - namespaceSelector: {}
            podSelector: {}
          - ipBlock:
              cidr: 0.0.0.0/0
          - ipBlock:
              cidr: ::/0
          ports:
          - port: 10250
            protocol: TCP
        podSelector:
          matchLabels:
            app: gardener-resource-manager
        policyTypes:
        - Ingress
      

      The respective pods don’t need any additional labels. If the annotation’s value is empty ([]) then all ports are allowed.

      Services Exposed via Ingress Resources

      The controller can optionally be configured to watch Ingress resources by specifying the pod and namespace selectors for the Ingress controller. If this information is provided, it automatically creates NetworkPolicy resources allowing the respective ingress/egress traffic for the backends exposed by the Ingresses. This way, neither custom NetworkPolicys nor custom labels must be provided.

      The needed configuration is part of the component configuration:

      controllers:
        networkPolicy:
          enabled: true
          concurrentSyncs: 5
        # namespaceSelectors:
        # - matchLabels:
        #     kubernetes.io/metadata.name: default
          ingressControllerSelector:
            namespace: default
            podSelector:
              matchLabels:
                foo: bar
      

      As an example, let’s assume that above gardener-resource-manager Service was exposed via the following Ingress resource:

      apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
      kind: Ingress
      metadata:
        name: gardener-resource-manager
        namespace: a
      spec:
        rules:
        - host: grm.foo.example.com
          http:
            paths:
            - backend:
                service:
                  name: gardener-resource-manager
                  port:
                    number: 443
              path: /
              pathType: Prefix
      

      As a result, the controller would automatically create the following NetworkPolicys:

      apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
      kind: NetworkPolicy
      metadata:
        annotations:
          gardener.cloud/description: Allows ingress TCP traffic to port 10250 for pods
            selected by the a/gardener-resource-manager service selector from ingress controller
            pods running in the default namespace labeled with map[foo:bar].
        name: ingress-to-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250-from-ingress-controller
        namespace: a
      spec:
        ingress:
        - from:
          - podSelector:
              matchLabels:
                foo: bar
            namespaceSelector:
              matchLabels:
                kubernetes.io/metadata.name: default
          ports:
          - port: 10250
            protocol: TCP
        podSelector:
          matchLabels:
            app: gardener-resource-manager
        policyTypes:
        - Ingress
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
      kind: NetworkPolicy
      metadata:
        annotations:
          gardener.cloud/description: Allows egress TCP traffic to port 10250 from pods
            running in the default namespace labeled with map[foo:bar] to pods selected by
            the a/gardener-resource-manager service selector.
        name: egress-to-a-gardener-resource-manager-tcp-10250-from-ingress-controller
        namespace: default
      spec:
        egress:
        - to:
          - podSelector:
              matchLabels:
                app: gardener-resource-manager
            namespaceSelector:
              matchLabels:
                kubernetes.io/metadata.name: a
          ports:
          - port: 10250
            protocol: TCP
        podSelector:
          matchLabels:
            foo: bar
        policyTypes:
        - Egress
      

      ℹ️ Note that Ingress resources reference the service port while NetworkPolicys reference the target port/container port. The controller automatically translates this when reconciling the NetworkPolicy resources.

      Node Controller

      Gardenlet configures kubelet of shoot worker nodes to register the Node object with the node.gardener.cloud/critical-components-not-ready taint (effect NoSchedule). This controller watches newly created Node objects in the shoot cluster and removes the taint once all node-critical components are scheduled and ready. If the controller finds node-critical components that are not scheduled or not ready yet, it checks the Node again after the duration configured in ResourceManagerConfiguration.controllers.node.backoff Please refer to the feature documentation or proposal issue for more details.

      Webhooks

      Mutating Webhooks

      High Availability Config

      This webhook is used to conveniently apply the configuration to make components deployed to seed or shoot clusters highly available. The details and scenarios are described in High Availability Of Deployed Components.

      The webhook reacts on creation/update of Deployments, StatefulSets, HorizontalPodAutoscalers and HVPAs in namespaces labeled with high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/consider=true.

      The webhook performs the following actions:

      1. The .spec.replicas (or spec.minReplicas respectively) field is mutated based on the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/type label of the resource and the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/failure-tolerance-type annotation of the namespace:

        Failure Tolerance Type ➡️
        /
        ⬇️ Component Type️ ️
        unsetemptynon-empty
        controller212
        server222
        • The replica count values can be overwritten by the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/replicas annotation.
        • It does NOT mutate the replicas when:
          • the replicas are already set to 0 (hibernation case), or
          • when the resource is scaled horizontally by HorizontalPodAutoscaler or Hvpa, and the current replica count is higher than what was computed above.
      2. When the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zones annotation is NOT empty and either the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/failure-tolerance-type annotation is set or the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zone-pinning annotation is set to true, then it adds a node affinity to the pod template spec:

        spec:
          affinity:
            nodeAffinity:
              requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
                nodeSelectorTerms:
                - matchExpressions:
                  - key: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
                    operator: In
                    values:
                    - <zone1>
                  # - ...
        

        This ensures that all pods are pinned to only nodes in exactly those concrete zones.

      3. Topology Spread Constraints are added to the pod template spec when the .spec.replicas are greater than 1. When the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zones annotation …

        • … contains only one zone, then the following is added:

          spec:
            topologySpreadConstraints:
            - topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
              maxSkew: 1
              whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
              labelSelector: ...
          

          This ensures that the (multiple) pods are scheduled across nodes on best-effort basis.

        • … contains at least two zones, then the following is added:

          spec:
            topologySpreadConstraints:
            - topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
              maxSkew: 1
              whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
              labelSelector: ...
            - topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
              minDomains: 2 # lower value of max replicas or number of zones
              maxSkew: 1
              whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule
              labelSelector: ...
          

          This enforces that the (multiple) pods are scheduled across zones. It circumvents a known limitation in Kubernetes for clusters < 1.26 (ref kubernetes/kubernetes#109364. In case the number of replicas is larger than twice the number of zones, then the maxSkew=2 for the second spread constraints. The minDomains calculation is based on whatever value is lower - (maximum) replicas or number of zones. This is the number of minimum domains required to schedule pods in a highly available manner.

        Independent on the number of zones, when the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/failure-tolerance-type annotation is set and NOT empty, then the whenUnsatisfiable is set to DoNotSchedule for the constraint with topologyKey=kubernetes.io/hostname (which enforces the node-spread).

      4. Adds default tolerations for taint-based evictions:

        Tolerations for taints node.kubernetes.io/not-ready and node.kubernetes.io/unreachable are added to the handled Deployment and StatefulSet if their podTemplates do not already specify them. The TolerationSeconds are taken from the respective configuration section of the webhook’s configuration (see example)).

        We consider fine-tuned values for those tolerations a matter of high-availability because they often help to reduce recovery times in case of node or zone outages, also see High-Availability Best Practices. In addition, this webhook handling helps to set defaults for many but not all workload components in a cluster. For instance, Gardener can use this webhook to set defaults for nearly every component in seed clusters but only for the system components in shoot clusters. Any customer workload remains unchanged.

      Kubernetes Service Host Injection

      By default, when Pods are created, Kubernetes implicitly injects the KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST environment variable into all containers. The value of this variable points it to the default Kubernetes service (i.e., kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local). This allows pods to conveniently talk to the API server of their cluster.

      In shoot clusters, this network path involves the apiserver-proxy DaemonSet which eventually forwards the traffic to the API server. Hence, it results in additional network hop.

      The purpose of this webhook is to explicitly inject the KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST environment variable into all containers and setting its value to the FQDN of the API server. This way, the additional network hop is avoided.

      Auto-Mounting Projected ServiceAccount Tokens

      When this webhook is activated, then it automatically injects projected ServiceAccount token volumes into Pods and all its containers if all of the following preconditions are fulfilled:

      1. The Pod is NOT labeled with projected-token-mount.resources.gardener.cloud/skip=true.
      2. The Pod’s .spec.serviceAccountName field is NOT empty and NOT set to default.
      3. The ServiceAccount specified in the Pod’s .spec.serviceAccountName sets .automountServiceAccountToken=false.
      4. The Pod’s .spec.volumes[] DO NOT already contain a volume with a name prefixed with kube-api-access-.

      The projected volume will look as follows:

      spec:
        volumes:
        - name: kube-api-access-gardener
          projected:
            defaultMode: 420
            sources:
            - serviceAccountToken:
                expirationSeconds: 43200
                path: token
            - configMap:
                items:
                - key: ca.crt
                  path: ca.crt
                name: kube-root-ca.crt
            - downwardAPI:
                items:
                - fieldRef:
                    apiVersion: v1
                    fieldPath: metadata.namespace
                  path: namespace
      

      The expirationSeconds are defaulted to 12h and can be overwritten with the .webhooks.projectedTokenMount.expirationSeconds field in the component configuration, or with the projected-token-mount.resources.gardener.cloud/expiration-seconds annotation on a Pod resource.

      The volume will be mounted into all containers specified in the Pod to the path /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount. This is the default location where client libraries expect to find the tokens and mimics the upstream ServiceAccount admission plugin. See Managing Service Accounts for more information.

      Overall, this webhook is used to inject projected service account tokens into pods running in the Shoot and the Seed cluster. Hence, it is served from the Seed GRM and each Shoot GRM. Please find an overview below for pods deployed in the Shoot cluster:

      image

      Pod Topology Spread Constraints

      When this webhook is enabled, then it mimics the topologyKey feature for Topology Spread Constraints (TSC) on the label pod-template-hash. Concretely, when a pod is labelled with pod-template-hash, the handler of this webhook extends any topology spread constraint in the pod:

      metadata:
        labels:
          pod-template-hash: 123abc
      spec:
        topologySpreadConstraints:
        - maxSkew: 1
          topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
          whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule
          labelSelector:
            matchLabels:
              pod-template-hash: 123abc # added by webhook
      

      The procedure circumvents a known limitation with TSCs which leads to imbalanced deployments after rolling updates. Gardener enables this webhook to schedule pods of deployments across nodes and zones.

      Please note that the gardener-resource-manager itself as well as pods labelled with topology-spread-constraints.resources.gardener.cloud/skip are excluded from any mutations.

      System Components Webhook

      If enabled, this webhook handles scheduling concerns for system components Pods (except those managed by DaemonSets). The following tasks are performed by this webhook:

      1. Add pod.spec.nodeSelector as given in the webhook configuration.
      2. Add pod.spec.tolerations as given in the webhook configuration.
      3. Add pod.spec.tolerations for any existing nodes matching the node selector given in the webhook configuration. Known taints and tolerations used for taint based evictions are disregarded.

      Gardener enables this webhook for kube-system and kubernetes-dashboard namespaces in shoot clusters, selecting Pods being labelled with resources.gardener.cloud/managed-by: gardener. It adds a configuration, so that Pods will get the worker.gardener.cloud/system-components: true node selector (step 1) as well as tolerate any custom taint (step 2) that is added to system component worker nodes (shoot.spec.provider.workers[].systemComponents.allow: true). In addition, the webhook merges these tolerations with the ones required for at that time available system component Nodes in the cluster (step 3). Both is required to ensure system component Pods can be scheduled or executed during an active shoot reconciliation that is happening due to any modifications to shoot.spec.provider.workers[].taints, e.g. Pods must be scheduled while there are still Nodes not having the updated taint configuration.

      You can opt-out of this behaviour for Pods by labeling them with system-components-config.resources.gardener.cloud/skip=true.

      EndpointSlice Hints

      This webhook mutates EndpointSlices. For each endpoint in the EndpointSlice, it sets the endpoint’s hints to the endpoint’s zone.

      apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1
      kind: EndpointSlice
      metadata:
        name: example-hints
      endpoints:
      - addresses:
        - "10.1.2.3"
        conditions:
          ready: true
        hostname: pod-1
        zone: zone-a
        hints:
          forZones:
          - name: "zone-a" # added by webhook
      - addresses:
        - "10.1.2.4"
        conditions:
          ready: true
        hostname: pod-2
        zone: zone-b
        hints:
          forZones:
          - name: "zone-b" # added by webhook
      

      The webhook aims to circumvent issues with the Kubernetes TopologyAwareHints feature that currently does not allow to achieve a deterministic topology-aware traffic routing. For more details, see the following issue kubernetes/kubernetes#113731 that describes drawbacks of the TopologyAwareHints feature for our use case. If the above-mentioned issue gets resolved and there is a native support for deterministic topology-aware traffic routing in Kubernetes, then this webhook can be dropped in favor of the native Kubernetes feature.

      Validating Webhooks

      Unconfirmed Deletion Prevention For Custom Resources And Definitions

      As part of Gardener’s extensibility concepts, a lot of CustomResourceDefinitions are deployed to the seed clusters that serve as extension points for provider-specific controllers. For example, the Infrastructure CRD triggers the provider extension to prepare the IaaS infrastructure of the underlying cloud provider for a to-be-created shoot cluster. Consequently, these extension CRDs have a lot of power and control large portions of the end-user’s shoot cluster. Accidental or undesired deletions of those resource can cause tremendous and hard-to-recover-from outages and should be prevented.

      When this webhook is activated, it reacts for CustomResourceDefinitions and most of the custom resources in the extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1 API group. It also reacts for the druid.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.Etcd resources.

      The webhook prevents DELETE requests for those CustomResourceDefinitions labeled with gardener.cloud/deletion-protected=true, and for all mentioned custom resources if they were not previously annotated with the confirmation.gardener.cloud/deletion=true. This prevents that undesired kubectl delete <...> requests are accepted.

      Extension Resource Validation

      When this webhook is activated, it reacts for most of the custom resources in the extensions.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1 API group. It also reacts for the druid.gardener.cloud/v1alpha1.Etcd resources.

      The webhook validates the resources specifications for CREATE and UPDATE requests.

      2.12 - Scheduler

      Gardener Scheduler

      The Gardener Scheduler is in essence a controller that watches newly created shoots and assigns a seed cluster to them. Conceptually, the task of the Gardener Scheduler is very similar to the task of the Kubernetes Scheduler: finding a seed for a shoot instead of a node for a pod.

      Either the scheduling strategy or the shoot cluster purpose hereby determines how the scheduler is operating. The following sections explain the configuration and flow in greater detail.

      Why Is the Gardener Scheduler Needed?

      1. Decoupling

      Previously, an admission plugin in the Gardener API server conducted the scheduling decisions. This implies changes to the API server whenever adjustments of the scheduling are needed. Decoupling the API server and the scheduler comes with greater flexibility to develop these components independently from each other.

      2. Extensibility

      It should be possible to easily extend and tweak the scheduler in the future. Possibly, similar to the Kubernetes scheduler, hooks could be provided which influence the scheduling decisions. It should be also possible to completely replace the standard Gardener Scheduler with a custom implementation.

      Algorithm Overview

      The following sequence describes the steps involved to determine a seed candidate:

      1. Determine usable seeds with “usable” defined as follows:
        • no .metadata.deletionTimestamp
        • .spec.settings.scheduling.visible is true
        • conditions Bootstrapped, GardenletReady, BackupBucketsReady (if available) are true
      2. Filter seeds:
        • matching .spec.seedSelector in CloudProfile used by the Shoot
        • matching .spec.seedSelector in Shoot
        • having no network intersection with the Shoot’s networks (due to the VPN connectivity between seeds and shoots their networks must be disjoint)
        • whose taints (.spec.taints) are tolerated by the Shoot (.spec.tolerations)
        • whose capacity for shoots would not be exceeded if the shoot is scheduled onto the seed, see Ensuring seeds capacity for shoots is not exceeded
        • which have at least three zones in .spec.provider.zones if shoot requests a high available control plane with failure tolerance type zone.
      3. Apply active strategy e.g., Minimal Distance strategy
      4. Choose least utilized seed, i.e., the one with the least number of shoot control planes, will be the winner and written to the .spec.seedName field of the Shoot.

      Configuration

      The Gardener Scheduler configuration has to be supplied on startup. It is a mandatory and also the only available flag. This yaml file holds an example scheduler configuration.

      Most of the configuration options are the same as in the Gardener Controller Manager (leader election, client connection, …). However, the Gardener Scheduler on the other hand does not need a TLS configuration, because there are currently no webhooks configurable.

      Strategies

      The scheduling strategy is defined in the candidateDeterminationStrategy of the scheduler’s configuration and can have the possible values SameRegion and MinimalDistance. The SameRegion strategy is the default strategy.

      1. Same Region strategy

        The Gardener Scheduler reads the spec.provider.type and .spec.region fields from the Shoot resource. It tries to find a seed that has the identical .spec.provider.type and .spec.provider.region fields set. If it cannot find a suitable seed, it adds an event to the shoot stating that it is unschedulable.

      2. Minimal Distance strategy

        The Gardener Scheduler tries to find a valid seed with minimal distance to the shoot’s intended region. The distance is calculated based on the Levenshtein distance of the region. Therefore, the region name is split into a base name and an orientation. Possible orientations are north, south, east, west and central. The distance then is twice the Levenshtein distance of the region’s base name plus a correction value based on the orientation and the provider.

        If the orientations of shoot and seed candidate match, the correction value is 0, if they differ it is 2 and if either the seed’s or the shoot’s region does not have an orientation it is 1. If the provider differs, the correction value is additionally incremented by 2.

        Because of this, a matching region with a matching provider is always prefered.

      In order to put the scheduling decision into effect, the scheduler sends an update request for the Shoot resource to the API server. After validation, the Gardener Aggregated API server updates the shoot to have the spec.seedName field set. Subsequently, the Gardenlet picks up and starts to create the cluster on the specified seed.

      1. Special handling based on shoot cluster purpose

      Every shoot cluster can have a purpose that describes what the cluster is used for, and also influences how the cluster is setup (see Shoot Cluster Purpose for more information).

      In case the shoot has the testing purpose, then the scheduler only reads the .spec.provider.type from the Shoot resource and tries to find a Seed that has the identical .spec.provider.type. The region does not matter, i.e., testing shoots may also be scheduled on a seed in a complete different region if it is better for balancing the whole Gardener system.

      shoots/binding Subresource

      The shoots/binding subresource is used to bind a Shoot to a Seed. On creation of a shoot cluster/s, the scheduler updates the binding automatically if an appropriate seed cluster is available. Only an operator with the necessary RBAC can update this binding manually. This can be done by changing the .spec.seedName of the shoot. However, if a different seed is already assigned to the shoot, this will trigger a control-plane migration. For required steps, please see Triggering the Migration.

      spec.seedName Field in the Shoot Specification

      Similar to the .spec.nodeName field in Pods, the Shoot specification has an optional .spec.seedName field. If this field is set on creation, the shoot will be scheduled to this seed. However, this field can only be set by users having RBAC for the shoots/binding subresource. If this field is not set, the scheduler will assign a suitable seed automatically and populate this field with the seed name.

      seedSelector Field in the Shoot Specification

      Similar to the .spec.nodeSelector field in Pods, the Shoot specification has an optional .spec.seedSelector field. It allows the user to provide a label selector that must match the labels of the Seeds in order to be scheduled to one of them. The labels on the Seeds are usually controlled by Gardener administrators/operators - end users cannot add arbitrary labels themselves. If provided, the Gardener Scheduler will only consider as “suitable” those seeds whose labels match those provided in the .spec.seedSelector of the Shoot.

      By default, only seeds with the same provider as the shoot are selected. By adding a providerTypes field to the seedSelector, a dedicated set of possible providers (* means all provider types) can be selected.

      Ensuring a Seed’s Capacity for Shoots Is Not Exceeded

      Seeds have a practical limit of how many shoots they can accommodate. Exceeding this limit is undesirable, as the system performance will be noticeably impacted. Therefore, the scheduler ensures that a seed’s capacity for shoots is not exceeded by taking into account a maximum number of shoots that can be scheduled onto a seed.

      This mechanism works as follows:

      • The gardenlet is configured with certain resources and their total capacity (and, for certain resources, the amount reserved for Gardener), see /example/20-componentconfig-gardenlet.yaml. Currently, the only such resource is the maximum number of shoots that can be scheduled onto a seed.
      • The gardenlet seed controller updates the capacity and allocatable fields in the Seed status with the capacity of each resource and how much of it is actually available to be consumed by shoots. The allocatable value of a resource is equal to capacity minus reserved.
      • When scheduling shoots, the scheduler filters out all candidate seeds whose allocatable capacity for shoots would be exceeded if the shoot is scheduled onto the seed.

      Failure to Determine a Suitable Seed

      In case the scheduler fails to find a suitable seed, the operation is being retried with exponential backoff.

      Current Limitation / Future Plans

      • Azure unfortunately has a geographically non-hierarchical naming pattern and does not start with the continent. This is the reason why we will exchange the implementation of the MinimalDistance strategy with a more suitable one in the future.

      3 - Deployment

      3.1 - Authentication Gardener Control Plane

      Authentication of Gardener Control Plane Components Against the Garden Cluster

      Note: This document refers to Gardener’s API server, admission controller, controller manager and scheduler components. Any reference to the term Gardener control plane component can be replaced with any of the mentioned above.

      There are several authentication possibilities depending on whether or not the concept of Virtual Garden is used.

      Virtual Garden is not used, i.e., the runtime Garden cluster is also the target Garden cluster.

      Automounted Service Account Token

      The easiest way to deploy a Gardener control plane component is to not provide a kubeconfig at all. This way in-cluster configuration and an automounted service account token will be used. The drawback of this approach is that the automounted token will not be automatically rotated.

      Service Account Token Volume Projection

      Another solution is to use Service Account Token Volume Projection combined with a kubeconfig referencing a token file (see the example below).

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Config
      clusters:
      - cluster:
          certificate-authority-data: <CA-DATA>
          server: https://default.kubernetes.svc.cluster.local
        name: garden
      contexts:
      - context:
          cluster: garden
          user: garden
        name: garden
      current-context: garden
      users:
      - name: garden
        user:
          tokenFile: /var/run/secrets/projected/serviceaccount/token
      

      This will allow for automatic rotation of the service account token by the kubelet. The configuration can be achieved by setting both .Values.global.<GardenerControlPlaneComponent>.serviceAccountTokenVolumeProjection.enabled: true and .Values.global.<GardenerControlPlaneComponent>.kubeconfig in the respective chart’s values.yaml file.

      Virtual Garden is used, i.e., the runtime Garden cluster is different from the target Garden cluster.

      Service Account

      The easiest way to setup the authentication is to create a service account and the respective roles will be bound to this service account in the target cluster. Then use the generated service account token and craft a kubeconfig, which will be used by the workload in the runtime cluster. This approach does not provide a solution for the rotation of the service account token. However, this setup can be achieved by setting .Values.global.deployment.virtualGarden.enabled: true and following these steps:

      1. Deploy the application part of the charts in the target cluster.
      2. Get the service account token and craft the kubeconfig.
      3. Set the crafted kubeconfig and deploy the runtime part of the charts in the runtime cluster.

      Client Certificate

      Another solution is to bind the roles in the target cluster to a User subject instead of a service account and use a client certificate for authentication. This approach does not provide a solution for the client certificate rotation. However, this setup can be achieved by setting both .Values.global.deployment.virtualGarden.enabled: true and .Values.global.deployment.virtualGarden.<GardenerControlPlaneComponent>.user.name, then following these steps:

      1. Generate a client certificate for the target cluster for the respective user.
      2. Deploy the application part of the charts in the target cluster.
      3. Craft a kubeconfig using the already generated client certificate.
      4. Set the crafted kubeconfig and deploy the runtime part of the charts in the runtime cluster.

      Projected Service Account Token

      This approach requires an already deployed and configured oidc-webhook-authenticator for the target cluster. Also, the runtime cluster should be registered as a trusted identity provider in the target cluster. Then, projected service accounts tokens from the runtime cluster can be used to authenticate against the target cluster. The needed steps are as follows:

      1. Deploy OWA and establish the needed trust.
      2. Set .Values.global.deployment.virtualGarden.enabled: true and .Values.global.deployment.virtualGarden.<GardenerControlPlaneComponent>.user.name.

        Note: username value will depend on the trust configuration, e.g., <prefix>:system:serviceaccount:<namespace>:<serviceaccount>

      3. Set .Values.global.<GardenerControlPlaneComponent>.serviceAccountTokenVolumeProjection.enabled: true and .Values.global.<GardenerControlPlaneComponent>.serviceAccountTokenVolumeProjection.audience.

        Note: audience value will depend on the trust configuration, e.g., <cliend-id-from-trust-config>.

      4. Craft a kubeconfig (see the example below).
      5. Deploy the application part of the charts in the target cluster.
      6. Deploy the runtime part of the charts in the runtime cluster.
      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Config
      clusters:
      - cluster:
          certificate-authority-data: <CA-DATA>
          server: https://virtual-garden.api
        name: virtual-garden
      contexts:
      - context:
          cluster: virtual-garden
          user: virtual-garden
        name: virtual-garden
      current-context: virtual-garden
      users:
      - name: virtual-garden
        user:
          tokenFile: /var/run/secrets/projected/serviceaccount/token
      

      3.2 - Configuring Logging

      Configuring the Logging Stack via gardenlet Configurations

      Enable the Logging

      In order to install the Gardener logging stack, the logging.enabled configuration option has to be enabled in the Gardenlet configuration:

      logging:
        enabled: true
      

      From now on, each Seed is going to have a logging stack which will collect logs from all pods and some systemd services. Logs related to Shoots with testing purpose are dropped in the fluent-bit output plugin. Shoots with a purpose different than testing have the same type of log aggregator (but different instance) as the Seed. The logs can be viewed in the Plutono in the garden namespace for the Seed components and in the respective shoot control plane namespaces.

      Enable Logs from the Shoot’s Node systemd Services

      The logs from the systemd services on each node can be retrieved by enabling the logging.shootNodeLogging option in the gardenlet configuration:

      logging:
        enabled: true
        shootNodeLogging:
          shootPurposes:
          - "evaluation"
          - "deployment"
      

      Under the shootPurpose section, just list all the shoot purposes for which the Shoot node logging feature will be enabled. Specifying the testing purpose has no effect because this purpose prevents the logging stack installation. Logs can be viewed in the operator Plutono! The dedicated labels are unit, syslog_identifier, and nodename in the Explore menu.

      Configuring Central Vali Storage Capacity

      By default, the central Vali has 100Gi of storage capacity. To overwrite the current central Vali storage capacity, the logging.vali.garden.storage setting in the gardenlet’s component configuration should be altered. If you need to increase it, you can do so without losing the current data by specifying a higher capacity. By doing so, the Vali’s PersistentVolume capacity will be increased instead of deleting the current PV. However, if you specify less capacity, then the PersistentVolume will be deleted and with it the logs, too.

      logging:
        enabled: true
        vali:
          garden:
            storage: "200Gi"
      

      3.3 - Deploy Gardenlet

      Deploying Gardenlets

      Gardenlets act as decentral “agents” to manage the shoot clusters of a seed cluster.

      To support scaleability in an automated way, gardenlets are deployed automatically. However, you can still deploy gardenlets manually to be more flexible, for example, when the shoot clusters that need to be managed by Gardener are behind a firewall. The gardenlet only requires network connectivity from the gardenlet to the Garden cluster (not the other way round), so it can be used to register Kubernetes clusters with no public endpoint.

      Procedure

      1. First, an initial gardenlet needs to be deployed:

      2. To add additional seed clusters, it is recommended to use regular shoot clusters. You can do this by creating a ManagedSeed resource with a gardenlet section as described in Register Shoot as Seed.

      3.4 - Deploy Gardenlet Automatically

      Automatic Deployment of gardenlets

      The gardenlet can automatically deploy itself into shoot clusters, and register a cluster as a seed cluster. These clusters are called “managed seeds” (aka “shooted seeds”). This procedure is the preferred way to add additional seed clusters, because shoot clusters already come with production-grade qualities that are also demanded for seed clusters.

      Prerequisites

      The only prerequisite is to register an initial cluster as a seed cluster that already has a gardenlet deployed in one of the following ways:

      • The gardenlet was deployed as part of a Gardener installation using a setup tool (for example, gardener/garden-setup).
      • The gardenlet was deployed manually (for a step-by-step manual installation guide, see Deploy a Gardenlet Manually).

      The initial cluster can be the garden cluster itself.

      Self-Deployment of gardenlets in Additional Managed Seed Clusters

      For a better scalability, you usually need more seed clusters that you can create, as follows:

      1. Use the initial cluster as the seed cluster for other managed seed clusters. It hosts the control planes of the other seed clusters.
      2. The gardenlet deployed in the initial cluster deploys itself automatically into the managed seed clusters.

      The advantage of this approach is that there’s only one initial gardenlet installation required. Every other managed seed cluster has a gardenlet deployed automatically.

      3.5 - Deploy Gardenlet Manually

      Deploy a gardenlet Manually

      Manually deploying a gardenlet is required in the following cases:

      • The Kubernetes cluster to be registered as a seed cluster has no public endpoint, because it is behind a firewall. The gardenlet must then be deployed into the cluster itself.

      • The Kubernetes cluster to be registered as a seed cluster is managed externally (the Kubernetes cluster is not a shoot cluster, so Automatic Deployment of Gardenlets cannot be used).

      • The gardenlet runs outside of the Kubernetes cluster that should be registered as a seed cluster. (The gardenlet is not restricted to run in the seed cluster or to be deployed into a Kubernetes cluster at all).

      Once you’ve deployed a gardenlet manually, for example, behind a firewall, you can deploy new gardenlets automatically. The manually deployed gardenlet is then used as a template for the new gardenlets. For more information, see Automatic Deployment of Gardenlets.

      Prerequisites

      Kubernetes Cluster that Should Be Registered as a Seed Cluster

      • Verify that the cluster has a supported Kubernetes version.

      • Determine the nodes, pods, and services CIDR of the cluster. You need to configure this information in the Seed configuration. Gardener uses this information to check that the shoot cluster isn’t created with overlapping CIDR ranges.

      • Every seed cluster needs an Ingress controller which distributes external requests to internal components like Plutono and Prometheus. For this, configure the following lines in your Seed resource:

      spec:
        dns:
          provider:
            type: aws-route53
            secretRef:
              name: ingress-secret
              namespace: garden
        ingress:
          domain: ingress.my-seed.example.com
          controller:
            kind: nginx
            providerConfig:
              <some-optional-provider-specific-config-for-the-ingressController>
      

      kubeconfig for the Seed Cluster

      The kubeconfig is required to deploy the gardenlet Helm chart to the seed cluster. The gardenlet requires certain privileges to be able to operate. These privileges are described in RBAC resources in the gardenlet Helm chart (see charts/gardener/gardenlet/templates). The Helm chart contains a service account gardenlet that the gardenlet deployment uses by default to talk to the Seed API server.

      If the gardenlet isn’t deployed in the seed cluster, the gardenlet can be configured to use a kubeconfig, which also requires the above-mentioned privileges, from a mounted directory. The kubeconfig is specified in the seedClientConnection.kubeconfig section of the Gardenlet configuration. This configuration option isn’t used in the following, as this procedure only describes the recommended setup option where the gardenlet is running in the seed cluster itself.

      Procedure Overview

      1. Prepare the garden cluster:

        1. Create a bootstrap token secret in the kube-system namespace of the garden cluster
        2. Create RBAC roles for the gardenlet to allow bootstrapping in the garden cluster
      2. Prepare the gardenlet Helm chart.

      3. Automatically register shoot cluster as a seed cluster.

      4. Deploy the gardenlet

      5. Check that the gardenlet is successfully deployed

      Create a Bootstrap Token Secret in the kube-system Namespace of the Garden Cluster

      The gardenlet needs to talk to the Gardener API server residing in the garden cluster.

      The gardenlet can be configured with an already existing garden cluster kubeconfig in one of the following ways:

      • By specifying gardenClientConnection.kubeconfig in the Gardenlet configuration.
      • By supplying the environment variable GARDEN_KUBECONFIG pointing to a mounted kubeconfig file).

      The preferred way, however, is to use the gardenlet’s ability to request a signed certificate for the garden cluster by leveraging Kubernetes Certificate Signing Requests. The gardenlet performs a TLS bootstrapping process that is similar to the Kubelet TLS Bootstrapping. Make sure that the API server of the garden cluster has bootstrap token authentication enabled.

      The client credentials required for the gardenlet’s TLS bootstrapping process need to be either token or certificate (OIDC isn’t supported) and have permissions to create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR). It’s recommended to use bootstrap tokens due to their desirable security properties (such as a limited token lifetime).

      Therefore, first create a bootstrap token secret for the garden cluster:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Secret
      metadata:
        # Name MUST be of form "bootstrap-token-<token id>"
        name: bootstrap-token-07401b
        namespace: kube-system
      
      # Type MUST be 'bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token'
      type: bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token
      stringData:
        # Human readable description. Optional.
        description: "Token to be used by the gardenlet for Seed `sweet-seed`."
      
        # Token ID and secret. Required.
        token-id: 07401b # 6 characters
        token-secret: f395accd246ae52d # 16 characters
      
        # Expiration. Optional.
        # expiration: 2017-03-10T03:22:11Z
      
        # Allowed usages.
        usage-bootstrap-authentication: "true"
        usage-bootstrap-signing: "true"
      

      When you later prepare the gardenlet Helm chart, a kubeconfig based on this token is shared with the gardenlet upon deployment.

      Create RBAC Roles for the gardenlet to Allow Bootstrapping in the Garden Cluster

      This step is only required if the gardenlet you deploy is the first gardenlet in the Gardener installation. Additionally, when using the control plane chart, the following resources are already contained in the Helm chart, that is, if you use it you can skip these steps as the needed RBAC roles already exist.

      The gardenlet uses the configured bootstrap kubeconfig in gardenClientConnection.bootstrapKubeconfig to request a signed certificate for the user gardener.cloud:system:seed:<seed-name> in the group gardener.cloud:system:seeds.

      Create a ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding that grant full admin permissions to authenticated gardenlets.

      Create the following resources in the garden cluster:

      ---
      apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
      kind: ClusterRole
      metadata:
        name: gardener.cloud:system:seeds
      rules:
        - apiGroups:
            - '*'
          resources:
            - '*'
          verbs:
            - '*'
      ---
      apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
      kind: ClusterRoleBinding
      metadata:
        name: gardener.cloud:system:seeds
      roleRef:
        apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
        kind: ClusterRole
        name: gardener.cloud:system:seeds
      subjects:
        - kind: Group
          name: gardener.cloud:system:seeds
          apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      ---
      apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
      kind: ClusterRole
      metadata:
        name: gardener.cloud:system:seed-bootstrapper
      rules:
        - apiGroups:
            - certificates.k8s.io
          resources:
            - certificatesigningrequests
          verbs:
            - create
            - get
        - apiGroups:
            - certificates.k8s.io
          resources:
            - certificatesigningrequests/seedclient
          verbs:
            - create
      ---
      # A kubelet/gardenlet authenticating using bootstrap tokens is authenticated as a user in the group system:bootstrappers
      # Allows the Gardenlet to create a CSR
      apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
      kind: ClusterRoleBinding
      metadata:
        name: gardener.cloud:system:seed-bootstrapper
      roleRef:
        apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
        kind: ClusterRole
        name: gardener.cloud:system:seed-bootstrapper
      subjects:
        - kind: Group
          name: system:bootstrappers
          apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      

      ℹ️ After bootstrapping, the gardenlet has full administrative access to the garden cluster. You might be interested to harden this and limit its permissions to only resources related to the seed cluster it is responsible for. Please take a look at Scoped API Access for Gardenlets.

      Prepare the gardenlet Helm Chart

      This section only describes the minimal configuration, using the global configuration values of the gardenlet Helm chart. For an overview over all values, see the configuration values. We refer to the global configuration values as gardenlet configuration in the following procedure.

      1. Create a gardenlet configuration gardenlet-values.yaml based on this template.

      2. Create a bootstrap kubeconfig based on the bootstrap token created in the garden cluster.

        Replace the <bootstrap-token> with token-id.token-secret (from our previous example: 07401b.f395accd246ae52d) from the bootstrap token secret.

        apiVersion: v1
        kind: Config
        current-context: gardenlet-bootstrap@default
        clusters:
        - cluster:
            certificate-authority-data: <ca-of-garden-cluster>
            server: https://<endpoint-of-garden-cluster>
          name: default
        contexts:
        - context:
            cluster: default
            user: gardenlet-bootstrap
          name: gardenlet-bootstrap@default
        users:
        - name: gardenlet-bootstrap
          user:
            token: <bootstrap-token>
        
      3. In the gardenClientConnection.bootstrapKubeconfig section of your gardenlet configuration, provide the bootstrap kubeconfig together with a name and namespace to the gardenlet Helm chart.

        gardenClientConnection:
          bootstrapKubeconfig:
            name: gardenlet-kubeconfig-bootstrap
            namespace: garden
            kubeconfig: |
                    <bootstrap-kubeconfig>  # will be base64 encoded by helm
        

        The bootstrap kubeconfig is stored in the specified secret.

      4. In the gardenClientConnection.kubeconfigSecret section of your gardenlet configuration, define a name and a namespace where the gardenlet stores the real kubeconfig that it creates during the bootstrap process. If the secret doesn’t exist, the gardenlet creates it for you.

        gardenClientConnection:
          kubeconfigSecret:
            name: gardenlet-kubeconfig
            namespace: garden
        

      Updating the Garden Cluster CA

      The kubeconfig created by the gardenlet in step 4 will not be recreated as long as it exists, even if a new bootstrap kubeconfig is provided. To enable rotation of the garden cluster CA certificate, a new bundle can be provided via the gardenClientConnection.gardenClusterCACert field. If the provided bundle differs from the one currently in the gardenlet’s kubeconfig secret then it will be updated. To remove the CA completely (e.g. when switching to a publicly trusted endpoint), this field can be set to either none or null.

      Automatically Register a Shoot Cluster as a Seed Cluster

      A seed cluster can either be registered by manually creating the Seed resource or automatically by the gardenlet. This functionality is useful for managed seed clusters, as the gardenlet in the garden cluster deploys a copy of itself into the cluster with automatic registration of the Seed configured. However, it can also be used to have a streamlined seed cluster registration process when manually deploying the gardenlet.

      This procedure doesn’t describe all the possible configurations for the Seed resource. For more information, see:

      Adjust the gardenlet Component Configuration

      1. Supply the Seed resource in the seedConfig section of your gardenlet configuration gardenlet-values.yaml.

      2. Add the seedConfig to your gardenlet configuration gardenlet-values.yaml. The field seedConfig.spec.provider.type specifies the infrastructure provider type (for example, aws) of the seed cluster. For all supported infrastructure providers, see Known Extension Implementations.

        # ...
        seedConfig:
          metadata:
            name: sweet-seed
            labels:
              environment: evaluation
            annotations:
              custom.gardener.cloud/option: special
          spec:
            dns:
              provider:
                type: <provider>
                secretRef:
                  name: ingress-secret
                  namespace: garden
            ingress: # see prerequisites
              domain: ingress.dev.my-seed.example.com
              controller:
                kind: nginx
            networks: # see prerequisites
              nodes: 10.240.0.0/16
              pods: 100.244.0.0/16
              services: 100.32.0.0/13
              shootDefaults: # optional: non-overlapping default CIDRs for shoot clusters of that Seed
                pods: 100.96.0.0/11
                services: 100.64.0.0/13
            provider:
              region: eu-west-1
              type: <provider>
        

      Apart from the seed’s name, seedConfig.metadata can optionally contain labels and annotations. gardenlet will set the labels of the registered Seed object to the labels given in the seedConfig plus gardener.cloud/role=seed. Any custom labels on the Seed object will be removed on the next restart of gardenlet. If a label is removed from the seedConfig it is removed from the Seed object as well. In contrast to labels, annotations in the seedConfig are added to existing annotations on the Seed object. Thus, custom annotations that are added to the Seed object during runtime are not removed by gardenlet on restarts. Furthermore, if an annotation is removed from the seedConfig, gardenlet does not remove it from the Seed object.

      Optional: Enable HA Mode

      You may consider running gardenlet with multiple replicas, especially if the seed cluster is configured to host HA shoot control planes. Therefore, the following Helm chart values define the degree of high availability you want to achieve for the gardenlet deployment.

      replicaCount: 2 # or more if a higher failure tolerance is required.
      failureToleranceType: zone # One of `zone` or `node` - defines how replicas are spread.
      

      Optional: Enable Backup and Restore

      The seed cluster can be set up with backup and restore for the main etcds of shoot clusters.

      Gardener uses etcd-backup-restore that integrates with different storage providers to store the shoot cluster’s main etcd backups. Make sure to obtain client credentials that have sufficient permissions with the chosen storage provider.

      Create a secret in the garden cluster with client credentials for the storage provider. The format of the secret is cloud provider specific and can be found in the repository of the respective Gardener extension. For example, the secret for AWS S3 can be found in the AWS provider extension (30-etcd-backup-secret.yaml).

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Secret
      metadata:
        name: sweet-seed-backup
        namespace: garden
      type: Opaque
      data:
        # client credentials format is provider specific
      

      Configure the Seed resource in the seedConfig section of your gardenlet configuration to use backup and restore:

      # ...
      seedConfig:
        metadata:
          name: sweet-seed
        spec:
          backup:
            provider: <provider>
            secretRef:
              name: sweet-seed-backup
              namespace: garden
      

      Deploy the gardenlet

      The gardenlet doesn’t have to run in the same Kubernetes cluster as the seed cluster it’s registering and reconciling, but it is in most cases advantageous to use in-cluster communication to talk to the Seed API server. Running a gardenlet outside of the cluster is mostly used for local development.

      The gardenlet-values.yaml looks something like this (with automatic Seed registration and backup for shoot clusters enabled):

      # <default config>
      # ...
      config:
        gardenClientConnection:
          # ...
          bootstrapKubeconfig:
            name: gardenlet-bootstrap-kubeconfig
            namespace: garden
            kubeconfig: |
              apiVersion: v1
              clusters:
              - cluster:
                  certificate-authority-data: <dummy>
                  server: <my-garden-cluster-endpoint>
                name: my-kubernetes-cluster
              # ...        
      
          kubeconfigSecret:
            name: gardenlet-kubeconfig
            namespace: garden
        # ...
        # <default config>
        # ...
        seedConfig:
          metadata:
            name: sweet-seed
          spec:
            dns:
              provider:
                type: <provider>
                secretRef:
                  name: ingress-secret
                  namespace: garden
            ingress: # see prerequisites
              domain: ingress.dev.my-seed.example.com
              controller:
                kind: nginx
            networks:
              nodes: 10.240.0.0/16
              pods: 100.244.0.0/16
              services: 100.32.0.0/13
              shootDefaults:
                pods: 100.96.0.0/11
                services: 100.64.0.0/13
            provider:
              region: eu-west-1
              type: <provider>
            backup:
              provider: <provider>
              secretRef:
                name: sweet-seed-backup
                namespace: garden
      

      Deploy the gardenlet Helm chart to the Kubernetes cluster:

      helm install gardenlet charts/gardener/gardenlet \
        --namespace garden \
        -f gardenlet-values.yaml \
        --wait
      

      This helm chart creates:

      • A service account gardenlet that the gardenlet can use to talk to the Seed API server.
      • RBAC roles for the service account (full admin rights at the moment).
      • The secret (garden/gardenlet-bootstrap-kubeconfig) containing the bootstrap kubeconfig.
      • The gardenlet deployment in the garden namespace.

      Check that the gardenlet Is Successfully Deployed

      1. Check that the gardenlets certificate bootstrap was successful.

        Check if the secret gardenlet-kubeconfig in the namespace garden in the seed cluster is created and contains a kubeconfig with a valid certificate.

        1. Get the kubeconfig from the created secret.

          $ kubectl -n garden get secret gardenlet-kubeconfig -o json | jq -r .data.kubeconfig | base64 -d
          
        2. Test against the garden cluster and verify it’s working.

        3. Extract the client-certificate-data from the user gardenlet.

        4. View the certificate:

          $ openssl x509 -in ./gardenlet-cert -noout -text
          

          Check that the certificate is valid for a year (that is the lifetime of new certificates).

      2. Check that the bootstrap secret gardenlet-bootstrap-kubeconfig has been deleted from the seed cluster in namespace garden.

      3. Check that the seed cluster is registered and READY in the garden cluster.

        Check that the seed cluster sweet-seed exists and all conditions indicate that it’s available. If so, the Gardenlet is sending regular heartbeats and the seed bootstrapping was successful.

        Check that the conditions on the Seed resource look similar to the following:

        $ kubectl get seed sweet-seed -o json | jq .status.conditions
        [
          {
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-07-17T09:17:29Z",
            "lastUpdateTime": "2020-07-17T09:17:29Z",
            "message": "Gardenlet is posting ready status.",
            "reason": "GardenletReady",
            "status": "True",
            "type": "GardenletReady"
          },
          {
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-07-17T09:17:49Z",
            "lastUpdateTime": "2020-07-17T09:53:17Z",
            "message": "Seed cluster has been bootstrapped successfully.",
            "reason": "BootstrappingSucceeded",
            "status": "True",
            "type": "Bootstrapped"
          },
          {
            "lastTransitionTime": "2020-07-17T09:17:49Z",
            "lastUpdateTime": "2020-07-17T09:53:17Z",
            "message": "Backup Buckets are available.",
            "reason": "BackupBucketsAvailable",
            "status": "True",
            "type": "BackupBucketsReady"
          }
        ]
        

      3.6 - Feature Gates

      Feature Gates in Gardener

      This page contains an overview of the various feature gates an administrator can specify on different Gardener components.

      Overview

      Feature gates are a set of key=value pairs that describe Gardener features. You can turn these features on or off using the component configuration file for a specific component.

      Each Gardener component lets you enable or disable a set of feature gates that are relevant to that component. For example, this is the configuration of the gardenlet component.

      The following tables are a summary of the feature gates that you can set on different Gardener components.

      • The “Since” column contains the Gardener release when a feature is introduced or its release stage is changed.
      • The “Until” column, if not empty, contains the last Gardener release in which you can still use a feature gate.
      • If a feature is in the Alpha or Beta state, you can find the feature listed in the Alpha/Beta feature gate table.
      • If a feature is stable you can find all stages for that feature listed in the Graduated/Deprecated feature gate table.
      • The Graduated/Deprecated feature gate table also lists deprecated and withdrawn features.

      Feature Gates for Alpha or Beta Features

      FeatureDefaultStageSinceUntil
      HVPAfalseAlpha0.31
      HVPAForShootedSeedfalseAlpha0.32
      APIServerSNIfalseAlpha1.71.18
      APIServerSNItrueBeta1.19
      APIServerSNI (deprecated)trueBeta1.48
      HAControlPlanesfalseAlpha1.491.70
      HAControlPlanestrueBeta1.71
      DefaultSeccompProfilefalseAlpha1.54
      CoreDNSQueryRewritingfalseAlpha1.55
      IPv6SingleStackfalseAlpha1.63
      MutableShootSpecNetworkingNodesfalseAlpha1.64
      FullNetworkPoliciesInRuntimeClusterfalseAlpha1.661.70
      FullNetworkPoliciesInRuntimeClustertrueBeta1.71
      WorkerlessShootsfalseAlpha1.70

      Feature Gates for Graduated or Deprecated Features

      FeatureDefaultStageSinceUntil
      NodeLocalDNSfalseAlpha1.7
      NodeLocalDNSRemoved1.26
      KonnectivityTunnelfalseAlpha1.6
      KonnectivityTunnelRemoved1.27
      MountHostCADirectoriesfalseAlpha1.111.25
      MountHostCADirectoriestrueBeta1.261.27
      MountHostCADirectoriestrueGA1.27
      MountHostCADirectoriesRemoved1.30
      DisallowKubeconfigRotationForShootInDeletionfalseAlpha1.281.31
      DisallowKubeconfigRotationForShootInDeletiontrueBeta1.321.35
      DisallowKubeconfigRotationForShootInDeletiontrueGA1.36
      DisallowKubeconfigRotationForShootInDeletionRemoved1.38
      LoggingfalseAlpha0.131.40
      LoggingRemoved1.41
      AdminKubeconfigRequestfalseAlpha1.241.38
      AdminKubeconfigRequesttrueBeta1.391.41
      AdminKubeconfigRequesttrueGA1.421.49
      AdminKubeconfigRequestRemoved1.50
      UseDNSRecordsfalseAlpha1.271.38
      UseDNSRecordstrueBeta1.391.43
      UseDNSRecordstrueGA1.441.49
      UseDNSRecordsRemoved1.50
      CachedRuntimeClientsfalseAlpha1.71.33
      CachedRuntimeClientstrueBeta1.341.44
      CachedRuntimeClientstrueGA1.451.49
      CachedRuntimeClientsRemoved1.50
      DenyInvalidExtensionResourcesfalseAlpha1.311.41
      DenyInvalidExtensionResourcestrueBeta1.421.44
      DenyInvalidExtensionResourcestrueGA1.451.49
      DenyInvalidExtensionResourcesRemoved1.50
      RotateSSHKeypairOnMaintenancefalseAlpha1.281.44
      RotateSSHKeypairOnMaintenancetrueBeta1.451.47
      RotateSSHKeypairOnMaintenance (deprecated)falseBeta1.481.50
      RotateSSHKeypairOnMaintenance (deprecated)Removed1.51
      ShootMaxTokenExpirationOverwritefalseAlpha1.431.44
      ShootMaxTokenExpirationOverwritetrueBeta1.451.47
      ShootMaxTokenExpirationOverwritetrueGA1.481.50
      ShootMaxTokenExpirationOverwriteRemoved1.51
      ShootMaxTokenExpirationValidationfalseAlpha1.431.45
      ShootMaxTokenExpirationValidationtrueBeta1.461.47
      ShootMaxTokenExpirationValidationtrueGA1.481.50
      ShootMaxTokenExpirationValidationRemoved1.51
      WorkerPoolKubernetesVersionfalseAlpha1.351.45
      WorkerPoolKubernetesVersiontrueBeta1.461.49
      WorkerPoolKubernetesVersiontrueGA1.501.51
      WorkerPoolKubernetesVersionRemoved1.52
      DisableDNSProviderManagementfalseAlpha1.411.49
      DisableDNSProviderManagementtrueBeta1.501.51
      DisableDNSProviderManagementtrueGA1.521.59
      DisableDNSProviderManagementRemoved1.60
      SecretBindingProviderValidationfalseAlpha1.381.50
      SecretBindingProviderValidationtrueBeta1.511.52
      SecretBindingProviderValidationtrueGA1.531.54
      SecretBindingProviderValidationRemoved1.55
      SeedKubeSchedulerfalseAlpha1.151.54
      SeedKubeSchedulerfalseDeprecated1.551.60
      SeedKubeSchedulerRemoved1.61
      ShootCARotationfalseAlpha1.421.50
      ShootCARotationtrueBeta1.511.56
      ShootCARotationtrueGA1.571.59
      ShootCARotationRemoved1.60
      ShootSARotationfalseAlpha1.481.50
      ShootSARotationtrueBeta1.511.56
      ShootSARotationtrueGA1.571.59
      ShootSARotationRemoved1.60
      ReversedVPNfalseAlpha1.221.41
      ReversedVPNtrueBeta1.421.62
      ReversedVPNtrueGA1.631.69
      ReversedVPNRemoved1.70
      ForceRestoreRemoved1.66
      SeedChangefalseAlpha1.121.52
      SeedChangetrueBeta1.531.68
      SeedChangetrueGA1.69
      CopyEtcdBackupsDuringControlPlaneMigrationfalseAlpha1.371.52
      CopyEtcdBackupsDuringControlPlaneMigrationtrueBeta1.531.68
      CopyEtcdBackupsDuringControlPlaneMigrationtrueGA1.69
      ManagedIstiofalseAlpha1.51.18
      ManagedIstiotrueBeta1.19
      ManagedIstiotrueDeprecated1.481.69
      ManagedIstioRemoved1.70

      Using a Feature

      A feature can be in Alpha, Beta or GA stage. An Alpha feature means:

      • Disabled by default.
      • Might be buggy. Enabling the feature may expose bugs.
      • Support for feature may be dropped at any time without notice.
      • The API may change in incompatible ways in a later software release without notice.
      • Recommended for use only in short-lived testing clusters, due to increased risk of bugs and lack of long-term support.

      A Beta feature means:

      • Enabled by default.
      • The feature is well tested. Enabling the feature is considered safe.
      • Support for the overall feature will not be dropped, though details may change.
      • The schema and/or semantics of objects may change in incompatible ways in a subsequent beta or stable release. When this happens, we will provide instructions for migrating to the next version. This may require deleting, editing, and re-creating API objects. The editing process may require some thought. This may require downtime for applications that rely on the feature.
      • Recommended for only non-critical uses because of potential for incompatible changes in subsequent releases.

      Please do try Beta features and give feedback on them! After they exit beta, it may not be practical for us to make more changes.

      A General Availability (GA) feature is also referred to as a stable feature. It means:

      • The feature is always enabled; you cannot disable it.
      • The corresponding feature gate is no longer needed.
      • Stable versions of features will appear in released software for many subsequent versions.

      List of Feature Gates

      FeatureRelevant ComponentsDescription
      HVPAgardenlet, gardener-operatorEnables simultaneous horizontal and vertical scaling in garden or seed clusters.
      HVPAForShootedSeedgardenletEnables simultaneous horizontal and vertical scaling in managed seed (aka “shooted seed”) clusters.
      APIServerSNI (deprecated)gardenletEnables only one LoadBalancer to be used for every Shoot cluster API server in a Seed. Enable this feature when ManagedIstio is enabled or Istio is manually deployed in the Seed cluster. See GEP-8 for more details.
      SeedChangegardener-apiserverEnables updating the spec.seedName field during shoot validation from a non-empty value in order to trigger shoot control plane migration.
      CopyEtcdBackupsDuringControlPlaneMigrationgardenletEnables the copy of etcd backups from the object store of the source seed to the object store of the destination seed during control plane migration.
      SecretBindingProviderValidationgardener-apiserverEnables validations on Gardener API server that:
      - requires the provider type of a SecretBinding to be set (on SecretBinding creation)
      - requires the SecretBinding provider type to match the Shoot provider type (on Shoot creation)
      - enforces immutability on the provider type of a SecretBinding
      HAControlPlanesgardener-apiserverHAControlPlanes allows shoot control planes to be run in high availability mode.
      DefaultSeccompProfilegardenlet, gardener-operatorEnables the defaulting of the seccomp profile for Gardener managed workload in the garden or seed to RuntimeDefault.
      CoreDNSQueryRewritinggardenletEnables automatic DNS query rewriting in shoot cluster’s CoreDNS to shortcut name resolution of fully qualified in-cluster and out-of-cluster names, which follow a user-defined pattern. Details can be found in DNS Search Path Optimization.
      IPv6SingleStackgardener-apiserver, gardenletAllows creating seed and shoot clusters with IPv6 single-stack networking enabled in their spec (GEP-21). If enabled in gardenlet, the default behavior is unchanged, but setting ipFamilies=[IPv6] in the seedConfig is allowed. Only if the ipFamilies setting is changed, gardenlet behaves differently.
      MutableShootSpecNetworkingNodesgardener-apiserverAllows updating the field spec.networking.nodes. The validity of the values has to be checked in the provider extensions. Only enable this feature gate when your system runs provider extensions which have implemented the validation.
      FullNetworkPoliciesInRuntimeClustergardenlet, gardener-operatorEnables the NetworkPolicy controller to place ‘deny-all’ network policies in all relevant namespaces in the runtime cluster.
      WorkerlessShootsgardener-apiserverWorkerlessShoots allows creation of Shoot clusters with no worker pools.

      3.7 - gardenlet API Access

      Scoped API Access for gardenlets

      By default, gardenlets have administrative access in the garden cluster. They are able to execute any API request on any object independent of whether the object is related to the seed cluster the gardenlet is responsible for. As RBAC is not powerful enough for fine-grained checks and for the sake of security, Gardener provides two optional but recommended configurations for your environments that scope the API access for gardenlets.

      Similar to the Node authorization mode in Kubernetes, Gardener features a SeedAuthorizer plugin. It is a special-purpose authorization plugin that specifically authorizes API requests made by the gardenlets.

      Likewise, similar to the NodeRestriction admission plugin in Kubernetes, Gardener features a SeedRestriction plugin. It is a special-purpose admission plugin that specifically limits the Kubernetes objects gardenlets can modify.

      📚 You might be interested to look into the design proposal for scoped Kubelet API access from the Kubernetes community. It can be translated to Gardener and Gardenlets with their Seed and Shoot resources.

      Flow Diagram

      The following diagram shows how the two plugins are included in the request flow of a gardenlet. When they are not enabled, then the kube-apiserver is internally authorizing the request via RBAC before forwarding the request directly to the gardener-apiserver, i.e., the gardener-admission-controller would not be consulted (this is not entirely correct because it also serves other admission webhook handlers, but for simplicity reasons this document focuses on the API access scope only).

      When enabling the plugins, there is one additional step for each before the gardener-apiserver responds to the request.

      Flow Diagram

      Please note that the example shows a request to an object (Shoot) residing in one of the API groups served by gardener-apiserver. However, the gardenlet is also interacting with objects in API groups served by the kube-apiserver (e.g., Secret,ConfigMap). In this case, the consultation of the SeedRestriction admission plugin is performed by the kube-apiserver itself before it forwards the request to the gardener-apiserver.

      Today, the following rules are implemented:

      ResourceVerbsPath(s)Description
      BackupBucketget, list, watch, create, update, patch, deleteBackupBucket -> SeedAllow get, list, watch requests for all BackupBuckets. Allow only create, update, patch, delete requests for BackupBuckets assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      BackupEntryget, list, watch, create, update, patchBackupEntry -> SeedAllow get, list, watch requests for all BackupEntrys. Allow only create, update, patch requests for BackupEntrys assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed and referencing BackupBuckets assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      Bastionget, list, watch, create, update, patchBastion -> SeedAllow get, list, watch requests for all Bastions. Allow only create, update, patch requests for Bastions assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      CertificateSigningRequestget, createCertificateSigningRequest -> SeedAllow only get, create requests for CertificateSigningRequests related to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      CloudProfilegetCloudProfile -> Shoot -> SeedAllow only get requests for CloudProfiles referenced by Shoots that are assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      ClusterRoleBindingcreate, get, update, patch, deleteClusterRoleBinding -> ManagedSeed -> Shoot -> SeedAllow create, get, update, patch requests for ManagedSeeds in the bootstrapping phase assigned to the gardenlet’s Seeds. Allow delete requests from gardenlets bootstrapped via ManagedSeeds.
      ConfigMapgetConfigMap -> Shoot -> SeedAllow only get requests for ConfigMaps referenced by Shoots that are assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed. Allows reading the kube-system/cluster-identity ConfigMap.
      ControllerRegistrationget, list, watchControllerRegistration -> ControllerInstallation -> SeedAllow get, list, watch requests for all ControllerRegistrations.
      ControllerDeploymentgetControllerDeployment -> ControllerInstallation -> SeedAllow get requests for ControllerDeploymentss referenced by ControllerInstallations assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      ControllerInstallationget, list, watch, update, patchControllerInstallation -> SeedAllow get, list, watch requests for all ControllerInstallations. Allow only update, patch requests for ControllerInstallations assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      Eventcreate, patchnoneAllow to create or patch all kinds of Events.
      ExposureClassgetExposureClass -> Shoot -> SeedAllow get requests for ExposureClasses referenced by Shoots that are assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed. Deny get requests to other ExposureClasses.
      Leasecreate, get, watch, updateLease -> SeedAllow create, get, update, and delete requests for Leases of the gardenlet’s Seed.
      ManagedSeedget, list, watch, update, patchManagedSeed -> Shoot -> SeedAllow get, list, watch requests for all ManagedSeeds. Allow only update, patch requests for ManagedSeeds referencing a Shoot assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      NamespacegetNamespace -> Shoot -> SeedAllow get requests for Namespaces of Shoots that are assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed. Always allow get requests for the garden Namespace.
      ProjectgetProject -> Namespace -> Shoot -> SeedAllow get requests for Projects referenced by the Namespace of Shoots that are assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      SecretBindinggetSecretBinding -> Shoot -> SeedAllow only get requests for SecretBindings referenced by Shoots that are assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      Secretcreate, get, update, patch, delete(, list, watch)Secret -> Seed, Secret -> Shoot -> Seed, Secret -> SecretBinding -> Shoot -> Seed, BackupBucket -> SeedAllow get, list, watch requests for all Secrets in the seed-<name> namespace. Allow only create, get, update, patch, delete requests for the Secrets related to resources assigned to the gardenlet’s Seeds.
      Seedget, list, watch, create, update, patch, deleteSeedAllow get, list, watch requests for all Seeds. Allow only create, update, patch, delete requests for the gardenlet’s Seeds. [1]
      ServiceAccountcreate, get, update, patch, deleteServiceAccount -> ManagedSeed -> Shoot -> SeedAllow create, get, update, patch requests for ManagedSeeds in the bootstrapping phase assigned to the gardenlet’s Seeds. Allow delete requests from gardenlets bootstrapped via ManagedSeeds.
      Shootget, list, watch, update, patchShoot -> SeedAllow get, list, watch requests for all Shoots. Allow only update, patch requests for Shoots assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.
      ShootStateget, create, update, patchShootState -> Shoot -> SeedAllow only get, create, update, patch requests for ShootStates belonging by Shoots that are assigned to the gardenlet’s Seed.

      [1] If you use ManagedSeed resources then the gardenlet reconciling them (“parent gardenlet”) may be allowed to submit certain requests for the Seed resources resulting out of such ManagedSeed reconciliations (even if the “parent gardenlet” is not responsible for them):

      ℹ️ It is allowed to delete the Seed resources if the corresponding ManagedSeed objects already have a deletionTimestamp (this is secure as gardenlets themselves don’t have permissions for deleting ManagedSeeds).

      SeedAuthorizer Authorization Webhook Enablement

      The SeedAuthorizer is implemented as a Kubernetes authorization webhook and part of the gardener-admission-controller component running in the garden cluster.

      🎛 In order to activate it, you have to follow these steps:

      1. Set the following flags for the kube-apiserver of the garden cluster (i.e., the kube-apiserver whose API is extended by Gardener):

        • --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node,Webhook (please note that Webhook should appear after RBAC in the list [1]; Node might not be needed if you use a virtual garden cluster)
        • --authorization-webhook-config-file=<path-to-the-webhook-config-file>
        • --authorization-webhook-cache-authorized-ttl=0
        • --authorization-webhook-cache-unauthorized-ttl=0
      2. The webhook config file (stored at <path-to-the-webhook-config-file>) should look as follows:

        apiVersion: v1
        kind: Config
        clusters:
        - name: garden
          cluster:
            certificate-authority-data: base64(CA-CERT-OF-GARDENER-ADMISSION-CONTROLLER)
            server: https://gardener-admission-controller.garden/webhooks/auth/seed
        users:
        - name: kube-apiserver
          user: {}
        contexts:
        - name: auth-webhook
          context:
            cluster: garden
            user: kube-apiserver
        current-context: auth-webhook
        
      3. When deploying the Gardener controlplane Helm chart, set .global.rbac.seedAuthorizer.enabled=true. This will ensure that the RBAC resources granting global access for all gardenlets will be deployed.

      4. Delete the existing RBAC resources granting global access for all gardenlets by running:

        kubectl delete \
          clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gardener.cloud:system:seeds \
          clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gardener.cloud:system:seeds \
          --ignore-not-found
        

      Please note that you should activate the SeedRestriction admission handler as well.

      [1] The reason for the fact that Webhook authorization plugin should appear after RBAC is that the kube-apiserver will be depending on the gardener-admission-controller (serving the webhook). However, the gardener-admission-controller can only start when gardener-apiserver runs, but gardener-apiserver itself can only start when kube-apiserver runs. If Webhook is before RBAC, then gardener-apiserver might not be able to start, leading to a deadlock.

      Authorizer Decisions

      As mentioned earlier, it’s the authorizer’s job to evaluate API requests and return one of the following decisions:

      • DecisionAllow: The request is allowed, further configured authorizers won’t be consulted.
      • DecisionDeny: The request is denied, further configured authorizers won’t be consulted.
      • DecisionNoOpinion: A decision cannot be made, further configured authorizers will be consulted.

      For backwards compatibility, no requests are denied at the moment, so that they are still deferred to a subsequent authorizer like RBAC. Though, this might change in the future.

      First, the SeedAuthorizer extracts the Seed name from the API request. This requires a proper TLS certificate that the gardenlet uses to contact the API server and is automatically given if TLS bootstrapping is used. Concretely, the authorizer checks the certificate for name gardener.cloud:system:seed:<seed-name> and group gardener.cloud:system:seeds. In cases where this information is missing e.g., when a custom Kubeconfig is used, the authorizer cannot make any decision. Thus, RBAC is still a considerable option to restrict the gardenlet’s access permission if the above explained preconditions are not given.

      With the Seed name at hand, the authorizer checks for an existing path from the resource that a request is being made for to the Seed belonging to the gardenlet. Take a look at the Implementation Details section for more information.

      Implementation Details

      Internally, the SeedAuthorizer uses a directed, acyclic graph data structure in order to efficiently respond to authorization requests for gardenlets:

      • A vertex in this graph represents a Kubernetes resource with its kind, namespace, and name (e.g., Shoot:garden-my-project/my-shoot).
      • An edge from vertex u to vertex v in this graph exists when
        • (1) v is referred by u and v is a Seed, or when
        • (2) u is referred by v, or when
        • (3) u is strictly associated with v.

      For example, a Shoot refers to a Seed, a CloudProfile, a SecretBinding, etc., so it has an outgoing edge to the Seed (1) and incoming edges from the CloudProfile and SecretBinding vertices (2). However, there might also be a ShootState or a BackupEntry resource strictly associated with this Shoot, hence, it has incoming edges from these vertices (3).

      Resource Dependency Graph

      In the above picture, the resources that are actively watched are shaded. Gardener resources are green, while Kubernetes resources are blue. It shows the dependencies between the resources and how the graph is built based on the above rules.

      ℹ️ The above picture shows all resources that may be accessed by gardenlets, except for the Quota resource which is only included for completeness.

      Now, when a gardenlet wants to access certain resources, then the SeedAuthorizer uses a Depth-First traversal starting from the vertex representing the resource in question, e.g., from a Project vertex. If there is a path from the Project vertex to the vertex representing the Seed the gardenlet is responsible for. then it allows the request.

      Metrics

      The SeedAuthorizer registers the following metrics related to the mentioned graph implementation:

      MetricDescription
      gardener_admission_controller_seed_authorizer_graph_update_duration_secondsHistogram of duration of resource dependency graph updates in seed authorizer, i.e., how long does it take to update the graph’s vertices/edges when a resource is created, changed, or deleted.
      gardener_admission_controller_seed_authorizer_graph_path_check_duration_secondsHistogram of duration of checks whether a path exists in the resource dependency graph in seed authorizer.

      Debug Handler

      When the .server.enableDebugHandlers field in the gardener-admission-controller’s component configuration is set to true, then it serves a handler that can be used for debugging the resource dependency graph under /debug/resource-dependency-graph.

      🚨 Only use this setting for development purposes, as it enables unauthenticated users to view all data if they have access to the gardener-admission-controller component.

      The handler renders an HTML page displaying the current graph with a list of vertices and its associated incoming and outgoing edges to other vertices. Depending on the size of the Gardener landscape (and consequently, the size of the graph), it might not be possible to render it in its entirety. If there are more than 2000 vertices, then the default filtering will selected for kind=Seed to prevent overloading the output.

      Example output:

      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      |
      | # Seed:my-seed
      |   <- (11)
      |     BackupBucket:73972fe2-3d7e-4f61-a406-b8f9e670e6b7
      |     BackupEntry:garden-my-project/shoot--dev--my-shoot--4656a460-1a69-4f00-9372-7452cbd38ee3
      |     ControllerInstallation:dns-external-mxt8m
      |     ControllerInstallation:extension-shoot-cert-service-4qw5j
      |     ControllerInstallation:networking-calico-bgrb2
      |     ControllerInstallation:os-gardenlinux-qvb5z
      |     ControllerInstallation:provider-gcp-w4mvf
      |     Secret:garden/backup
      |     Shoot:garden-my-project/my-shoot
      |
      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      |
      | # Shoot:garden-my-project/my-shoot
      |   <- (5)
      |     CloudProfile:gcp
      |     Namespace:garden-my-project
      |     Secret:garden-my-project/my-dns-secret
      |     SecretBinding:garden-my-project/my-credentials
      |     ShootState:garden-my-project/my-shoot
      |   -> (1)
      |     Seed:my-seed
      |
      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      |
      | # ShootState:garden-my-project/my-shoot
      |   -> (1)
      |     Shoot:garden-my-project/my-shoot
      |
      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
      ... (etc., similarly for the other resources)
      

      There are anchor links to easily jump from one resource to another, and the page provides means for filtering the results based on the kind, namespace, and/or name.

      Pitfalls

      When there is a relevant update to an existing resource, i.e., when a reference to another resource is changed, then the corresponding vertex (along with all associated edges) is first deleted from the graph before it gets added again with the up-to-date edges. However, this does only work for vertices belonging to resources that are only created in exactly one “watch handler”. For example, the vertex for a SecretBinding can either be created in the SecretBinding handler itself or in the Shoot handler. In such cases, deleting the vertex before (re-)computing the edges might lead to race conditions and potentially renders the graph invalid. Consequently, instead of deleting the vertex, only the edges the respective handler is responsible for are deleted. If the vertex ends up with no remaining edges, then it also gets deleted automatically. Afterwards, the vertex can either be added again or the updated edges can be created.

      SeedRestriction Admission Webhook Enablement

      The SeedRestriction is implemented as Kubernetes admission webhook and part of the gardener-admission-controller component running in the garden cluster.

      🎛 In order to activate it, you have to set .global.admission.seedRestriction.enabled=true when using the Gardener controlplane Helm chart. This will add an additional webhook in the existing ValidatingWebhookConfiguration of the gardener-admission-controller which contains the configuration for the SeedRestriction handler. Please note that it should only be activated when the SeedAuthorizer is active as well.

      Admission Decisions

      The admission’s purpose is to perform extended validation on requests which require the body of the object in question. Additionally, it handles CREATE requests of gardenlets (the above discussed resource dependency graph cannot be used in such cases because there won’t be any vertex/edge for non-existing resources).

      Gardenlets are restricted to only create new resources which are somehow related to the seed clusters they are responsible for.

      3.8 - Getting Started Locally

      Deploying Gardener Locally

      This document will walk you through deploying Gardener on your local machine. If you encounter difficulties, please open an issue so that we can make this process easier.

      Overview

      Gardener runs in any Kubernetes cluster. In this guide, we will start a KinD cluster which is used as both garden and seed cluster (please refer to the architecture overview) for simplicity.

      Based on Skaffold, the container images for all required components will be built and deployed into the cluster (via their Helm charts).

      Architecture Diagram

      Alternatives

      When deploying Gardener on your local machine you might face several limitations:

      • Your machine doesn’t have enough compute resources (see prerequisites) for hosting a second seed cluster or multiple shoot clusters.
      • Testing Gardener’s IPv6 features requires a Linux machine and native IPv6 connectivity to the internet, but you’re on macOS or don’t have IPv6 connectivity in your office environment or via your home ISP.

      In these cases, you might want to check out one of the following options that run the setup described in this guide elsewhere for circumventing these limitations:

      Prerequisites

      • Make sure that you have followed the Local Setup guide up until the Get the sources step.
      • Make sure your Docker daemon is up-to-date, up and running and has enough resources (at least 8 CPUs and 8Gi memory; see here how to configure the resources for Docker for Mac).

        Please note that 8 CPU / 8Gi memory might not be enough for more than two Shoot clusters, i.e., you might need to increase these values if you want to run additional Shoots. If you plan on following the optional steps to create a second seed cluster, the required resources will be more - at least 10 CPUs and 18Gi memory. Additionally, please configure at least 120Gi of disk size for the Docker daemon. Tip: You can clean up unused data with docker system df and docker system prune -a.

      Setting Up the KinD Cluster (Garden and Seed)

      make kind-up
      

      If you want to setup an IPv6 KinD cluster, use make kind-up IPFAMILY=ipv6 instead.

      This command sets up a new KinD cluster named gardener-local and stores the kubeconfig in the ./example/gardener-local/kind/local/kubeconfig file.

      It might be helpful to copy this file to $HOME/.kube/config, since you will need to target this KinD cluster multiple times. Alternatively, make sure to set your KUBECONFIG environment variable to ./example/gardener-local/kind/local/kubeconfig for all future steps via export KUBECONFIG=example/gardener-local/kind/local/kubeconfig.

      All of the following steps assume that you are using this kubeconfig.

      Additionally, this command also deploys a local container registry to the cluster, as well as a few registry mirrors, that are set up as a pull-through cache for all upstream registries Gardener uses by default. This is done to speed up image pulls across local clusters. The local registry can be accessed as localhost:5001 for pushing and pulling. The storage directories of the registries are mounted to the host machine under dev/local-registry. With this, mirrored images don’t have to be pulled again after recreating the cluster.

      The command also deploys a default calico installation as the cluster’s CNI implementation with NetworkPolicy support (the default kindnet CNI doesn’t provide NetworkPolicy support). Furthermore, it deploys the metrics-server in order to support HPA and VPA on the seed cluster.

      Setting Up IPv6 Single-Stack Networking (optional)

      First, ensure that your /etc/hosts file contains an entry resolving localhost to the IPv6 loopback address:

      ::1 localhost
      

      Typically, only ip6-localhost is mapped to ::1 on linux machines. However, we need localhost to resolve to both 127.0.0.1 and ::1 so that we can talk to our registry via a single address (localhost:5001).

      Next, we need to configure NAT for outgoing traffic from the kind network to the internet. After executing make kind-up IPFAMILY=ipv6, execute the following command to set up the corresponding iptables rules:

      ip6tables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $(ip route show default | awk '{print $5}') -s fd00:10::/64 -j MASQUERADE
      

      Setting Up Gardener

      make gardener-up
      

      If you want to setup an IPv6 ready Gardener, use make gardener-up IPFAMILY=ipv6 instead.

      This will first build the base images (which might take a bit if you do it for the first time). Afterwards, the Gardener resources will be deployed into the cluster.

      Developing Gardener

      make gardener-dev
      

      This is similar to make gardener-up but additionally starts a skaffold dev loop. After the initial deployment, skaffold starts watching source files. Once it has detected changes, press any key to trigger a new build and deployment of the changed components.

      Tip: you can set the SKAFFOLD_MODULE environment variable to select specific modules of the skaffold configuration (see skaffold.yaml) that skaffold should watch, build, and deploy. This significantly reduces turnaround times during development.

      For example, if you want to develop changes to gardenlet:

      # initial deployment of all components
      make gardener-up
      # start iterating on gardenlet without deploying other components
      make gardener-dev SKAFFOLD_MODULE=gardenlet
      

      Debugging Gardener

      make gardener-debug
      

      This is using skaffold debugging features. In the Gardener case, Go debugging using Delve is the most relevant use case. Please see the skaffold debugging documentation how to setup your IDE accordingly.

      SKAFFOLD_MODULE environment variable is working the same way as described for Developing Gardener. However, skaffold is not watching for changes when debugging, because it would like to avoid interrupting your debugging session.

      For example, if you want to debug gardenlet:

      # initial deployment of all components
      make gardener-up
      # start debugging gardenlet without deploying other components
      make gardener-debug SKAFFOLD_MODULE=gardenlet
      

      In debugging flow, skaffold builds your container images, reconfigures your pods and creates port forwardings for the Delve debugging ports to your localhost. The default port is 56268. If you debug multiple pods at the same time, the port of the second pod will be forwarded to 56269 and so on. Please check your console output for the concrete port-forwarding on your machine.

      Note: Resuming or stopping only a single goroutine (Go Issue 25578, 31132) is currently not supported, so the action will cause all the goroutines to get activated or paused. (vscode-go wiki)

      This means that when a goroutine of gardenlet (or any other gardener-core component you try to debug) is paused on a breakpoint, all the other goroutines are paused. Hence, when the whole gardenlet process is paused, it can not renew its lease and can not respond to the liveness and readiness probes. Skaffold automatically increases timeoutSeconds of liveness and readiness probes to 600. Anyway, we were facing problems when debugging that pods have been killed after a while.

      Thus, leader election, health and readiness checks for gardener-admission-controller, gardener-apiserver, gardener-controller-manager, gardener-scheduler,gardenlet and operator are disabled when debugging.

      If you have similar problems with other components which are not deployed by skaffold, you could temporarily turn off the leader election and disable liveness and readiness probes there too.

      Creating a Shoot Cluster

      You can wait for the Seed to be ready by running:

      ./hack/usage/wait-for.sh seed local GardenletReady Bootstrapped SeedSystemComponentsHealthy ExtensionsReady
      

      Alternatively, you can run kubectl get seed local and wait for the STATUS to indicate readiness:

      NAME    STATUS   PROVIDER   REGION   AGE     VERSION       K8S VERSION
      local   Ready    local      local    4m42s   vX.Y.Z-dev    v1.21.1
      

      In order to create a first shoot cluster, just run:

      kubectl apply -f example/provider-local/shoot.yaml
      

      You can wait for the Shoot to be ready by running:

      NAMESPACE=garden-local ./hack/usage/wait-for.sh shoot APIServerAvailable ControlPlaneHealthy ObservabilityComponentsHealthy EveryNodeReady SystemComponentsHealthy
      

      Alternatively, you can run kubectl -n garden-local get shoot local and wait for the LAST OPERATION to reach 100%:

      NAME    CLOUDPROFILE   PROVIDER   REGION   K8S VERSION   HIBERNATION   LAST OPERATION            STATUS    AGE
      local   local          local      local    1.21.0        Awake         Create Processing (43%)   healthy   94s
      

      If you don’t need any worker pools, you can create a workerless Shoot by running:

      kubectl apply -f example/provider-local/shoot-workerless.yaml
      

      (Optional): You could also execute a simple e2e test (creating and deleting a shoot) by running:

      make test-e2e-local-simple KUBECONFIG="$PWD/example/gardener-local/kind/local/kubeconfig"
      

      Accessing the Shoot Cluster

      ⚠️ Please note that in this setup, shoot clusters are not accessible by default when you download the kubeconfig and try to communicate with them. The reason is that your host most probably cannot resolve the DNS names of the clusters since provider-local extension runs inside the KinD cluster (for more details, see DNSRecord). Hence, if you want to access the shoot cluster, you have to run the following command which will extend your /etc/hosts file with the required information to make the DNS names resolvable:

      cat <<EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
      
      # Manually created to access local Gardener shoot clusters.
      # TODO: Remove this again when the shoot cluster access is no longer required.
      127.0.0.1 api.local.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.local.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-managedseed.garden.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-managedseed.garden.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-hib.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-hib.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-hib-wl.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-hib-wl.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-unpriv.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-unpriv.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-wake-up.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-wake-up.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-wake-up-wl.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-wake-up-wl.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-migrate.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-migrate.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-migrate-wl.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-migrate-wl.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-rotate.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-rotate.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-rotate-wl.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-rotate-wl.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-default.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-default.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-default-wl.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-default-wl.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upd-node.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upd-node.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upd-node-wl.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upd-node-wl.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upgrade.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upgrade.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upgrade-wl.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upgrade-wl.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upg-hib.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upg-hib.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upg-hib-wl.local.external.local.gardener.cloud
      127.0.0.1 api.e2e-upg-hib-wl.local.internal.local.gardener.cloud
      EOF
      

      To access the Shoot, you can acquire a kubeconfig by using the shoots/adminkubeconfig subresource.

      (Optional): Setting Up a Second Seed Cluster

      There are cases where you would want to create a second seed cluster in your local setup. For example, if you want to test the control plane migration feature. The following steps describe how to do that.

      If you are on macOS, add a new IP address on your loopback device which will be necessary for the new KinD cluster that you will create. On macOS, the default loopback device is lo0.

      sudo ip addr add 127.0.0.2 dev lo0                                     # adding 127.0.0.2 ip to the loopback interface
      

      Next, setup the second KinD cluster:

      make kind2-up
      

      This command sets up a new KinD cluster named gardener-local2 and stores its kubeconfig in the ./example/gardener-local/kind/local2/kubeconfig file.

      In order to deploy required resources in the KinD cluster that you just created, run:

      make gardenlet-kind2-up
      

      The following steps assume that you are using the kubeconfig that points to the gardener-local cluster (first KinD cluster): export KUBECONFIG=example/gardener-local/kind/local/kubeconfig.

      You can wait for the local2 Seed to be ready by running:

      ./hack/usage/wait-for.sh seed local2 GardenletReady Bootstrapped ExtensionsReady
      

      Alternatively, you can run kubectl get seed local2 and wait for the STATUS to indicate readiness:

      NAME    STATUS   PROVIDER   REGION   AGE     VERSION       K8S VERSION
      local2  Ready    local      local    4m42s   vX.Y.Z-dev    v1.21.1
      

      If you want to perform control plane migration, you can follow the steps outlined in Control Plane Migration to migrate the shoot cluster to the second seed you just created.

      Deleting the Shoot Cluster

      ./hack/usage/delete shoot local garden-local
      

      (Optional): Tear Down the Second Seed Cluster

      make kind2-down
      

      Tear Down the Gardener Environment

      make kind-down
      

      Remote Local Setup

      Just like Prow is executing the KinD based integration tests in a K8s pod, it is possible to interactively run this KinD based Gardener development environment, aka “local setup”, in a “remote” K8s pod.

      k apply -f docs/deployment/content/remote-local-setup.yaml
      k exec -it deployment/remote-local-setup -- sh
      
      tmux -u a
      

      Caveats

      Please refer to the TMUX documentation for working effectively inside the remote-local-setup pod.

      To access Plutono, Prometheus or other components in a browser, two port forwards are needed:

      The port forward from the laptop to the pod:

      k port-forward deployment/remote-local-setup 3000
      

      The port forward in the remote-local-setup pod to the respective component:

      k port-forward -n shoot--local--local deployment/plutono 3000
      

      3.9 - Getting Started Locally With Extensions

      Deploying Gardener Locally and Enabling Provider-Extensions

      This document will walk you through deploying Gardener on your local machine and bootstrapping your own seed clusters on an existing Kubernetes cluster. It is supposed to run your local Gardener developments on a real infrastructure. For running Gardener only entirely local, please check the getting started locally documentation. If you encounter difficulties, please open an issue so that we can make this process easier.

      Overview

      Gardener runs in any Kubernetes cluster. In this guide, we will start a KinD cluster which is used as garden cluster. Any Kubernetes cluster could be used as seed clusters in order to support provider extensions (please refer to the architecture overview). This guide is tested for using Kubernetes clusters provided by Gardener, AWS, Azure, and GCP as seed so far.

      Based on Skaffold, the container images for all required components will be built and deployed into the clusters (via their Helm charts).

      Architecture Diagram

      Prerequisites

      • Make sure that you have followed the Local Setup guide up until the Get the sources step.
      • Make sure your Docker daemon is up-to-date, up and running and has enough resources (at least 8 CPUs and 8Gi memory; see the Docker documentation for how to configure the resources for Docker for Mac).

        Additionally, please configure at least 120Gi of disk size for the Docker daemon. Tip: You can clean up unused data with docker system df and docker system prune -a.

      • Make sure that you have access to a Kubernetes cluster you can use as a seed cluster in this setup.
        • The seed cluster requires at least 16 CPUs in total to run one shoot cluster
        • You could use any Kubernetes cluster for your seed cluster. However, using a Gardener shoot cluster for your seed simplifies some configuration steps.
        • When bootstrapping gardenlet to the cluster, your new seed will have the same provider type as the shoot cluster you use - an AWS shoot will become an AWS seed, a GCP shoot will become a GCP seed, etc. (only relevant when using a Gardener shoot as seed).

      Provide Infrastructure Credentials and Configuration

      As this setup is running on a real infrastructure, you have to provide credentials for DNS, the infrastructure, and the kubeconfig for the Gardener cluster you want to use as seed.

      There are .gitignore entries for all files and directories which include credentials. Nevertheless, please double check and make sure that credentials are not commited.

      DNS

      Gardener control plane requires DNS for default and internal domains. Thus, you have to configure a valid DNS provider for your setup.

      Please maintain your DNS provider configuration and credentials at ./example/provider-extensions/garden/controlplane/values.yaml.

      You can find a template for the file at ./example/provider-extensions/garden/controlplane/values.yaml.tmpl.

      Infrastructure

      Infrastructure secrets and the corresponding secret bindings should be maintained at:

      • ./example/provider-extensions/garden/project/credentials/infrastructure-secrets.yaml
      • ./example/provider-extensions/garden/project/credentials/secretbindings.yaml

      There are templates with .tmpl suffixes for the files in the same folder.

      Seed Cluster Preparation

      The kubeconfig of your Kubernetes cluster you would like to use as seed should be placed at ./example/provider-extensions/seed/kubeconfig. Additionally, please maintain the configuration of your seed in ./example/provider-extensions/gardenlet/values.yaml. It is automatically copied from values.yaml.tmpl in the same directory when you run make gardener-extensions-up for the first time. It also includes explanations of the properties you should set.

      Using a Gardener cluster as seed simplifies the process, because some configuration options can be taken from shoot-info and creating DNS entries and TLS certificates is automated.

      However, you can use different Kubernetes clusters for your seed too and configure these things manually. Please configure the options of ./example/provider-extensions/gardenlet/values.yaml upfront. For configuring DNS and TLS certificates, make gardener-extensions-up, which is explained later, will pause and tell you what to do.

      External Controllers

      You might plan to deploy and register external controllers for networking, operating system, providers, etc. Please put ControllerDeployments and ControllerRegistrations into the ./example/provider-extensions/garden/controllerregistrations directory. The whole content of this folder will be applied to your KinD cluster.

      CloudProfiles

      There are no demo CloudProfiles yet. Thus, please copy CloudProfiles from another landscape to the ./example/provider-extensions/garden/cloudprofiles directory or create your own CloudProfiles based on the gardener examples. Please check the GitHub repository of your desired provider-extension. Most of them include example CloudProfiles. All files you place in this folder will be applied to your KinD cluster.

      Setting Up the KinD Cluster

      make kind-extensions-up
      

      This command sets up a new KinD cluster named gardener-local and stores the kubeconfig in the ./example/gardener-local/kind/extensions/kubeconfig file.

      It might be helpful to copy this file to $HOME/.kube/config, since you will need to target this KinD cluster multiple times. Alternatively, make sure to set your KUBECONFIG environment variable to ./example/gardener-local/kind/extensions/kubeconfig for all future steps via export KUBECONFIG=$PWD/example/gardener-local/kind/extensions/kubeconfig.

      All of the following steps assume that you are using this kubeconfig.

      Additionally, this command deploys a local container registry to the cluster as well as a few registry mirrors that are set up as a pull-through cache for all upstream registries Gardener uses by default. This is done to speed up image pulls across local clusters. The local registry can be accessed as localhost:5001 for pushing and pulling. The storage directories of the registries are mounted to your machine under dev/local-registry. With this, mirrored images don’t have to be pulled again after recreating the cluster.

      The command also deploys a default calico installation as the cluster’s CNI implementation with NetworkPolicy support (the default kindnet CNI doesn’t provide NetworkPolicy support). Furthermore, it deploys the metrics-server in order to support HPA and VPA on the seed cluster.

      Setting Up Gardener (Garden on KinD, Seed on Gardener Cluster)

      make gardener-extensions-up
      

      This will first prepare the basic configuration of your KinD and Gardener clusters. Afterwards, the images for the Garden cluster are built and deployed into the KinD cluster. Finally, the images for the Seed cluster are built, pushed to a container registry on the Seed, and the gardenlet is started.

      Adding Additional Seeds

      Additional seed(s) can be added by running

      make gardener-extensions-up SEED_NAME=<seed-name>
      

      The seed cluster preparations are similar to the first seed:

      The kubeconfig of your Kubernetes cluster you would like to use as seed should be placed at ./example/provider-extensions/seed/kubeconfig-<seed-name>. Additionally, please maintain the configuration of your seed in ./example/provider-extensions/gardenlet/values-<seed-name>.yaml. It is automatically copied from values.yaml.tmpl in the same directory when you run make gardener-extensions-up SEED_NAME=<seed-name> for the first time. It also includes explanations of the properties you should set.

      Removing a Seed

      If you have multiple seeds and want to remove one, just use

      make gardener-extensions-down SEED_NAME=<seed-name>
      

      If it is not the last seed, this command will only remove the seed, but leave the local Gardener cluster and the other seeds untouched. To remove all seeds and to cleanup the local Gardener cluster, you have to run the command for each seed.

      Pause and Unpause the KinD Cluster

      The KinD cluster can be paused by stopping and keeping its docker container. This can be done by running:

      make kind-extensions-down
      

      When you run make kind-extensions-up again, you will start the docker container with your previous Gardener configuration again.

      This provides the option to switch off your local KinD cluster fast without leaving orphaned infrastructure elements behind.

      Creating a Shoot Cluster

      You can wait for the Seed to be ready by running:

      kubectl wait --for=condition=gardenletready seed provider-extensions --timeout=5m
      

      make kind-extensions-up already includes such a check. However, it might be useful when you wake up your Seed from hibernation or unpause you KinD cluster.

      Alternatively, you can run kubectl get seed provider-extensions and wait for the STATUS to indicate readiness:

      NAME                  STATUS   PROVIDER   REGION         AGE    VERSION      K8S VERSION
      provider-extensions   Ready    gcp        europe-west1   111m   v1.61.0-dev   v1.24.7
      

      In order to create a first shoot cluster, please create your own Shoot definition and apply it to your KinD cluster. gardener-scheduler includes candidateDeterminationStrategy: MinimalDistance configuration so you are able to run schedule Shoots of different providers on your Seed.

      You can wait for your Shoots to be ready by running kubectl -n garden-local get shoots and wait for the LAST OPERATION to reach 100%. The output depends on your Shoot definition. This is an example output:

      NAME        CLOUDPROFILE   PROVIDER   REGION         K8S VERSION   HIBERNATION   LAST OPERATION               STATUS    AGE
      aws         aws            aws        eu-west-1      1.24.3        Awake         Create Processing (43%)      healthy   84s
      aws-arm64   aws            aws        eu-west-1      1.24.3        Awake         Create Processing (43%)      healthy   65s
      azure       az             azure      westeurope     1.24.2        Awake         Create Processing (43%)      healthy   57s
      gcp         gcp            gcp        europe-west1   1.24.3        Awake         Create Processing (43%)      healthy   94s
      

      Accessing the Shoot Cluster

      Your shoot clusters will have a public DNS entries for their API servers, so that they could be reached via the Internet via kubectl after you have created their kubeconfig.

      We encourage you to use the adminkubeconfig subresource for accessing your shoot cluster. You can find an example how to use it in Accessing Shoot Clusters.

      Deleting the Shoot Clusters

      Before tearing down your environment, you have to delete your shoot clusters. This is highly recommended because otherwise you would leave orphaned items on your infrastructure accounts.

      ./hack/usage/delete shoot <your-shoot> garden-local
      

      Tear Down the Gardener Environment

      Before you delete your local KinD cluster, you should shut down your Shoots and Seed in a clean way to avoid orphaned infrastructure elements in your projects.

      Please ensure that your KinD and Seed clusters are online (not paused or hibernated) and run:

      make gardener-extensions-down
      

      This will delete all Shoots first (this could take a couple of minutes), then uninstall gardenlet from the Seed and the gardener components from the KinD. Finally, the additional components like container registry, etc., are deleted from both clusters.

      When this is done, you can securely delete your local KinD cluster by running:

      make kind-extensions-clean
      

      3.10 - Image Vector

      Image Vector

      The Gardenlet is deploying several different container images into the seed and the shoot clusters. The image repositories and tags are defined in a central image vector file. Obviously, the image versions defined there must fit together with the deployment manifests (e.g., some command-line flags do only exist in certain versions).

      Example

      images:
      - name: pause-container
        sourceRepository: github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/build/pause/Dockerfile
        repository: registry.k8s.io/pause
        tag: "3.4"
        version: "1.20.x"
        architectures:
        - amd64
      - name: pause-container
        sourceRepository: github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/build/pause/Dockerfile
        repository: registry.k8s.io/pause
        tag: "3.5"
        version: ">= 1.21"
        architectures:
        - amd64
      ...
      

      That means that the Gardenlet will use the pause-container with tag 3.4 for all seed/shoot clusters with Kubernetes version 1.20.x, and tag 3.5 for all clusters with Kubernetes >= 1.21.

      Image Vector Architecture

      images:
      - name: pause-container
        sourceRepository: github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/build/pause/Dockerfile
        repository: registry.k8s.io/pause
        tag: "3.5"
        architectures:
        - amd64
      - name: pause-container
        sourceRepository: github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/build/pause/Dockerfile
        repository: registry.k8s.io/pause
        tag: "3.5"
        architectures:
        - arm64
      - name: pause-container
        sourceRepository: github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/build/pause/Dockerfile
        repository: registry.k8s.io/pause
        tag: "3.5"
        architectures:
        - amd64
        - arm64
      ...
      

      architectures is an optional field of image. It is a list of strings specifying CPU architecture of machines on which this image can be used. The valid options for the architectures field are as follows:

      • amd64 : This specifies that the image can run only on machines having CPU architecture amd64.
      • arm64 : This specifies that the image can run only on machines having CPU architecture arm64.

      If an image doesn’t specify any architectures, then by default it is considered to support both amd64 and arm64 architectures.

      Overwrite Image Vector

      In some environments it is not possible to use these “pre-defined” images that come with a Gardener release. A prominent example for that is Alicloud in China, which does not allow access to Google’s GCR. In these cases, you might want to overwrite certain images, e.g., point the pause-container to a different registry.

      ⚠️ If you specify an image that does not fit to the resource manifest, then the seed/shoot reconciliation might fail.

      In order to overwrite the images, you must provide a similar file to gardenlet:

      images:
      - name: pause-container
        sourceRepository: github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/build/pause/Dockerfile
        repository: my-custom-image-registry/pause
        tag: "3.4"
        version: "1.20.x"
      - name: pause-container
        sourceRepository: github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/build/pause/Dockerfile
        repository: my-custom-image-registry/pause
        tag: "3.5"
        version: ">= 1.21"
      ...
      

      During deployment of the gardenlet, create a ConfigMap containing the above content and mount it as a volume into the gardenlet pod. Next, specify the environment variable IMAGEVECTOR_OVERWRITE, whose value must be the path to the file you just mounted:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: ConfigMap
      metadata:
        name: gardenlet-images-overwrite
        namespace: garden
      data:
        images_overwrite.yaml: |
          images:
          - ...    
      ---
      apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      metadata:
        name: gardenlet
        namespace: garden
      spec:
        template:
          ...
          spec:
            containers:
            - name: gardenlet
              env:
              - name: IMAGEVECTOR_OVERWRITE
                value: /charts-overwrite/images_overwrite.yaml
              volumeMounts:
              - name: gardenlet-images-overwrite
                mountPath: /charts-overwrite
              ...
            volumes:
            - name: gardenlet-images-overwrite
              configMap:
                name: gardenlet-images-overwrite
        ...
      

      Image Vectors for Dependent Components

      The gardenlet is deploying a lot of different components that might deploy other images themselves. These components might use an image vector as well. Operators might want to customize the image locations for these transitive images as well, hence, they might need to specify an image vector overwrite for the components directly deployed by Gardener.

      It is possible to specify the IMAGEVECTOR_OVERWRITE_COMPONENTS environment variable to the gardenlet that points to a file with the following content:

      components:
      - name: etcd-druid
        imageVectorOverwrite: |
          images:
          - name: etcd
            tag: v1.2.3
            repository: etcd/etcd    
      ...
      

      The gardenlet will, if supported by the directly deployed component (etcd-druid in this example), inject the given imageVectorOverwrite into the Deployment manifest. The respective component is responsible for using the overwritten images instead of its defaults.

      3.11 - Migration V0 To V1

      Migration from Gardener v0 to v1

      Please refer to the document for older Gardener versions.

      3.12 - Secret Binding Provider Controller

      SecretBinding Provider Controller

      This page describes the process on how to enable the SecretBinding provider controller.

      Overview

      With Gardener v1.38.0, the SecretBinding resource now contains a new optional field .provider.type (details about the motivation can be found in https://github.com/gardener/gardener/issues/4888). To make the process of setting the new field automated and afterwards to enforce validation on the new field in backwards compatible manner, Gardener features the SecretBinding provider controller and a feature gate - SecretBindingProviderValidation.

      Process

      A Gardener landscape operator can follow the following steps:

      1. Enable the SecretBinding provider controller of Gardener Controller Manager.

        The SecretBinding provider controller is responsible for populating the .provider.type field of a SecretBinding based on its current usage by Shoot resources. For example, if a Shoot crazy-botany with .provider.type=aws is using a SecretBinding my-secret-binding, then the SecretBinding provider controller will take care to set the .provider.type field of the SecretBinding to the same provider type (aws). To enable the SecretBinding provider controller, set the controller.secretBindingProvider.concurentSyncs field in the ControllerManagerConfiguration (e.g set it to 5). Although that it is not recommended, the API allows Shoots from different provider types to reference the same SecretBinding (assuming that the backing Secret contains data for both of the provider types). To preserve the backwards compatibility for such SecretBindings, the provider controller will maintain the multiple provider types in the field (it will join them with the separator , - for example aws,gcp).

      2. Disable the SecretBinding provider controller and enable the SecretBindingProviderValidation feature gate of Gardener API server.

        The SecretBindingProviderValidation feature gate of Gardener API server enables a set of validations for the SecretBinding provider field. It forbids creating a Shoot that has a different provider type from the referenced SecretBinding’s one. It also enforces immutability on the field. After making sure that SecretBinding provider controller is enabled and it populated the .provider.type field of a majority of the SecretBindings on a Gardener landscape (the SecretBindings that are unused will have their provider type unset), a Gardener landscape operator has to disable the SecretBinding provider controller and to enable the SecretBindingProviderValidation feature gate of Gardener API server. To disable the SecretBinding provider controller, set the controller.secretBindingProvider.concurentSyncs field in the ControllerManagerConfiguration to 0.

      Implementation History

      • Gardener v1.38: The SecretBinding resource has a new optional field .provider.type. The SecretBinding provider controller is disabled by default. The SecretBindingProviderValidation feature gate of Gardener API server is disabled by default.
      • Gardener v1.42: The SecretBinding provider controller is enabled by default.
      • Gardener v1.51: The SecretBindingProviderValidation feature gate of Gardener API server is enabled by default and the SecretBinding provider controller is disabled by default.
      • Gardener v1.53: The SecretBindingProviderValidation feature gate of Gardener API server is unconditionally enabled (can no longer be disabled).
      • Gardener v1.55: The SecretBindingProviderValidation feature gate of Gardener API server and the SecretBinding provider controller are removed.

      3.13 - Setup Gardener

      Deploying Gardener into a Kubernetes Cluster

      Similar to Kubernetes, Gardener consists out of control plane components (Gardener API server, Gardener controller manager, Gardener scheduler), and an agent component (gardenlet). The control plane is deployed in the so-called garden cluster, while the agent is installed into every seed cluster. Please note that it is possible to use the garden cluster as seed cluster by simply deploying the gardenlet into it.

      We are providing Helm charts in order to manage the various resources of the components. Please always make sure that you use the Helm chart version that matches the Gardener version you want to deploy.

      Deploying the Gardener Control Plane (API Server, Admission Controller, Controller Manager, Scheduler)

      The configuration values depict the various options to configure the different components. Please consult Gardener Configuration and Usage for component specific configurations and Authentication of Gardener Control Plane Components Against the Garden Cluster for authentication related specifics.

      Also, note that all resources and deployments need to be created in the garden namespace (not overrideable). If you enable the Gardener admission controller as part of you setup, please make sure the garden namespace is labelled with app: gardener. Otherwise, the backing service account for the admission controller Pod might not be created successfully. No action is necessary if you deploy the garden namespace with the Gardener control plane Helm chart.

      After preparing your values in a separate controlplane-values.yaml file (values.yaml can be used as starting point), you can run the following command against your garden cluster:

      helm install charts/gardener/controlplane \
        --namespace garden \
        --name gardener-controlplane \
        -f controlplane-values.yaml \
        --wait
      

      Deploying Gardener Extensions

      Gardener is an extensible system that does not contain the logic for provider-specific things like DNS management, cloud infrastructures, network plugins, operating system configs, and many more.

      You have to install extension controllers for these parts. Please consult the documentation regarding extensions to get more information.

      Deploying the Gardener Agent (gardenlet)

      Please refer to Deploying Gardenlets on how to deploy a gardenlet.

      3.14 - Version Skew Policy

      Version Skew Policy

      This document describes the maximum version skew supported between various Gardener components.

      Supported Gardener Versions

      Gardener versions are expressed as x.y.z, where x is the major version, y is the minor version, and z is the patch version, following Semantic Versioning terminology.

      The Gardener project maintains release branches for the three most recent minor releases.

      Applicable fixes, including security fixes, may be backported to those three release branches, depending on severity and feasibility. Patch releases are cut from those branches at a regular cadence, plus additional urgent releases when required.

      For more information, see the Releases document.

      Supported Version Skew

      Technically, we follow the same policy as the Kubernetes project. However, given that our release cadence is much more frequent compared to Kubernetes (every 14d vs. every 120d), in many cases it is possible to skip a version. Still, to be on the safe side, it is highly recommended to follow the described policy.

      gardener-apiserver

      In multi-instance setups of Gardener, the newest and oldest gardener-apiserver instances must be within one minor version.

      Example:

      • newest gardener-apiserver is at 1.37
      • other gardener-apiserver instances are supported at 1.37 and v1.36

      gardener-controller-manager, gardener-scheduler, gardener-admission-controller, gardenlet

      gardener-controller-manager, gardener-scheduler, gardener-admission-controller, and gardenlet must not be newer than the gardener-apiserver instances they communicate with. They are expected to match the gardener-apiserver minor version, but may be up to one minor version older (to allow live upgrades).

      Example:

      • gardener-apiserver is at v1.37
      • gardener-controller-manager, gardener-scheduler, gardener-admission-controller, and gardenlet are supported at 1.37 and v1.36

      Supported Component Upgrade Order

      The supported version skew between components has implications on the order in which components must be upgraded. This section describes the order in which components must be upgraded to transition an existing Gardener installation from version 1.37 to version 1.38.

      gardener-apiserver

      Prerequisites:

      • In a single-instance setup, the existing gardener-apiserver instance is 1.37.
      • In a multi-instance setup, all gardener-apiserver instances are at 1.37 or 1.38 (this ensures maximum skew of 1 minor version between the oldest and newest gardener-apiserver instance).
      • The gardener-controller-manager, gardener-scheduler, gardener-admission-controller, and gardenlet instances that communicate with this gardener-apiserver are at version 1.37 (this ensures they are not newer than the existing API server version and are within 1 minor version of the new API server version).

      Actions:

      • Upgrade gardener-apiserver to 1.38.

      gardener-controller-manager, gardener-scheduler, gardener-admission-controller, gardenlet

      Prerequisites:

      • The gardener-apiserver instances these components communicate with are at 1.38 (in multi-instance setups in which these components can communicate with any gardener-apiserver instance in the cluster, all gardener-apiserver instances must be upgraded before upgrading these components)

      Actions:

      • Upgrade gardener-controller-manager, gardener-scheduler, gardener-admission-controller, and gardenlet to 1.38

      Supported Kubernetes Versions

      Please refer to Supported Kubernetes Versions.

      4 - Development

      4.1 - Changing the API

      Changing the API

      This document describes the steps that need to be performed when changing the API. It provides guidance for API changes to both (Gardener system in general or component configurations).

      Generally, as Gardener is a Kubernetes-native extension, it follows the same API conventions and guidelines like Kubernetes itself. The Kubernetes API Conventions as well as Changing the API topics already provide a good overview and general explanation of the basic concepts behind it. We are following the same approaches.

      Gardener API

      The Gardener API is defined in the pkg/apis/{core,extensions,settings} directories and is the main point of interaction with the system. It must be ensured that the API is always backwards-compatible.

      Changing the API

      Checklist when changing the API:

      1. Modify the field(s) in the respective Golang files of all external versions and the internal version.
        1. Make sure new fields are being added as “optional” fields, i.e., they are of pointer types, they have the // +optional comment, and they have the omitempty JSON tag.
        2. Make sure that the existing field numbers in the protobuf tags are not changed.
      2. If necessary, implement/adapt the conversion logic defined in the versioned APIs (e.g., pkg/apis/core/v1beta1/conversions*.go).
      3. If necessary, implement/adapt defaulting logic defined in the versioned APIs (e.g., pkg/apis/core/v1beta1/defaults*.go).
      4. Run the code generation: make generate
      5. If necessary, implement/adapt validation logic defined in the internal API (e.g., pkg/apis/core/validation/validation*.go).
      6. If necessary, adapt the exemplary YAML manifests of the Gardener resources defined in example/*.yaml.
      7. In most cases, it makes sense to add/adapt the documentation for administrators/operators and/or end-users in the docs folder to provide information on purpose and usage of the added/changed fields.
      8. When opening the pull request, always add a release note so that end-users are becoming aware of the changes.

      Removing a Field

      If fields shall be removed permanently from the API, then a proper deprecation period must be adhered to so that end-users have enough time to adapt their clients.

      Once the deprecation period is over, the field should be dropped from the API in a two-step process, i.e., in two release cycles. In the first step, all the usages in the code base should be dropped. In the second step, the field should be dropped from API. We need to follow this two-step process cause there can be the case where gardener-apiserver is upgraded to a new version in which the field has been removed but other controllers are still on the old version of Gardener. This can lead to nil pointer exceptions or other unexpected behaviour.

      The steps for removing a field from the code base is:

      1. The field in the external version(s) has to be commented out with appropriate doc string that the protobuf number of the corresponding field is reserved. Example:

        -	SeedTemplate *gardencorev1beta1.SeedTemplate `json:"seedTemplate,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=seedTemplate"`
        
        +	// SeedTemplate is tombstoned to show why 2 is reserved protobuf tag.
        +	// SeedTemplate *gardencorev1beta1.SeedTemplate `json:"seedTemplate,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=seedTemplate"`
        

        The reasoning behind this is to prevent the same protobuf number being used by a new field. Introducing a new field with the same protobuf number would be a breaking change for clients still using the old protobuf definitions that have the old field for the given protobuf number. The field in the internal version can be removed.

      2. A unit test has to be added to make sure that a new field does not reuse the already reserved protobuf tag.

      Example of field removal can be found in the Remove seedTemplate field from ManagedSeed API PR.

      Component Configuration APIs

      Most Gardener components have a component configuration that follows similar principles to the Gardener API. Those component configurations are defined in pkg/{controllermanager,gardenlet,scheduler},pkg/apis/config. Hence, the above checklist also applies for changes to those APIs. However, since these APIs are only used internally and only during the deployment of Gardener, the guidelines with respect to changes and backwards-compatibility are slightly relaxed. If necessary, it is allowed to remove fields without a proper deprecation period if the release note uses the breaking operator keywords.

      In addition to the above checklist:

      1. If necessary, then adapt the Helm chart of Gardener defined in charts/gardener. Adapt the values.yaml file as well as the manifest templates.

      4.2 - Component Checklist

      Checklist For Adding New Components

      Adding new components that run in the garden, seed, or shoot cluster is theoretically quite simple - we just need a Deployment (or other similar workload resource), the respective container image, and maybe a bit of configuration. In practice, however, there are a couple of things to keep in mind in order to make the deployment production-ready. This document provides a checklist for them that you can walk through.

      General

      1. Avoid usage of Helm charts (example)

        Nowadays, we use Golang components instead of Helm charts for deploying components to a cluster. Please find a typical structure of such components in the provided metrics_server.go file (configuration values are typically managed in a Values structure). There are a few exceptions (e.g., Istio) still using charts, however the default should be using a Golang-based implementation. For the exceptional cases, use Golang’s embed package to embed the Helm chart directory (example 1, example 2).

      2. Choose the proper deployment way (example 1 (direct application w/ client), example 2 (using ManagedResource), example 3 (mixed scenario))

        For historic reasons, resources related to shoot control plane components are applied directly with the client. All other resources (seed or shoot system components) are deployed via gardener-resource-manager’s Resource controller (ManagedResources) since it performs health checks out-of-the-box and has a lot of other features (see its documentation for more information). Components that can run as both seed system component or shoot control plane component (e.g., VPA or kube-state-metrics) can make use of these utility functions.

      3. Do not hard-code container image references (example 1, example 2, example 3)

        We define all image references centrally in the charts/images.yaml file. Hence, the image references must not be hard-coded in the pod template spec but read from this so-called image vector instead.

      4. Do not use container images from Docker Hub (example: image vector, prow configuration)

        The docker.io registry doesn’t support pulling images over IPv6 (see Beta IPv6 Support on Docker Hub Registry). There is also a strict rate-limit that applies to the Docker Hub registry. There is a prow job copying images from Docker Hub that are needed in gardener components to the gardener GCR under the prefix eu.gcr.io/gardener-project/3rd/ (see the documentation or gardener/ci-infra#619). If you want to use a new image from Docker Hub or upgrade an already used image to a newer tag, please open a PR to the ci-infra repository that modifies the job’s list of images to copy: images.yaml.

      5. Use unique ConfigMaps/Secrets (example 1, example 2)

        Unique ConfigMaps/Secrets are immutable for modification and have a unique name. This has a couple of benefits, e.g. the kubelet doesn’t watch these resources, and it is always clear which resource contains which data since it cannot be changed. As a consequence, unique/immutable ConfigMaps/Secret are superior to checksum annotations on the pod templates. Stale/unused ConfigMaps/Secrets are garbage-collected by gardener-resource-manager’s GarbageCollector. There are utility functions (see examples above) for using unique ConfigMaps/Secrets in Golang components. It is essential to inject the annotations into the workload resource to make the garbage-collection work.
        Note that some ConfigMaps/Secrets should not be unique (e.g., those containing monitoring or logging configuration). The reason is that the old revision stays in the cluster even if unused until the garbage-collector acts. During this time, they would be wrongly aggregated to the full configuration.

      6. Manage certificates/secrets via secrets manager (example)

        You should use the secrets manager for the management of any kind of credentials. This makes sure that credentials rotation works out-of-the-box without you requiring to think about it. Generally, do not use client certificates (see the Security section).

      7. Consider hibernation when calculating replica count (example)

        Shoot clusters can be hibernated meaning that all control plane components in the shoot namespace in the seed cluster are scaled down to zero and all worker nodes are terminated. If your component runs in the seed cluster then you have to consider this case and provide the proper replica count. There is a utility function available (see example).

      8. Ensure task dependencies are as precise as possible in shoot flows (example 1, example 2)

        Only define the minimum of needed dependency tasks in the shoot reconciliation/deletion flows.

      9. Handle shoot system components

        Shoot system components deployed by gardener-resource-manager are labelled with resource.gardener.cloud/managed-by: gardener. This makes Gardener adding required label selectors and tolerations so that non-DaemonSet managed Pods will exclusively run on selected nodes (for more information, see System Components Webhook). DaemonSets on the other hand, should generally tolerate any NoSchedule or NoExecute taints so that they can run on any Node, regardless of user added taints.

      Security

      1. Use a dedicated ServiceAccount and disable auto-mount (example)

        Components that need to talk to the API server of their runtime cluster must always use a dedicated ServiceAccount (do not use default), with automountServiceAccountToken set to false. This makes gardener-resource-manager’s TokenInvalidator invalidate the static token secret and its ProjectedTokenMount webhook inject a projected token automatically.

      2. Use shoot access tokens instead of a client certificates (example)

        For components that need to talk to a target cluster different from their runtime cluster (e.g., running in seed cluster but talking to shoot) the gardener-resource-manager’s TokenRequestor should be used to manage a so-called “shoot access token”.

      3. Define RBAC roles with minimal privileges (example)

        The component’s ServiceAccount (if it exists) should have as little privileges as possible. Consequently, please define proper RBAC roles for it. This might include a combination of ClusterRoles and Roles. Please do not provide elevated privileges due to laziness (e.g., because there is already a ClusterRole that can be extended vs. creating a Role only when access to a single namespace is needed).

      4. Use NetworkPolicys to restrict network traffic (example)

        You should restrict both ingress and egress traffic to/from your component as much as possible to ensure that it only gets access to/from other components if really needed. Gardener provides a few default policies for typical usage scenarios. For more information, see NetworkPolicys In Garden, Seed, Shoot Clusters.

      5. Do not run components in privileged mode (example 1, example 2)

        Avoid running components with privileged=true. Instead, define the needed Linux capabilities.

      6. Choose the proper Seccomp profile (example 1, example 2)

        The Seccomp profile will be defaulted by gardener-resource-manager’s SeccompProfile webhook which works well for the majority of components. However, in some special cases you might need to overwrite it.

      7. Define PodSecurityPolicys (example)

        PodSecurityPolicys are deprecated, however Gardener still supports shoot clusters with older Kubernetes versions (ref). To make sure that such clusters can run with .spec.kubernetes.allowPrivilegedContainers=false, you have to define proper PodSecurityPolicys. For more information, see Pod Security.

      High Availability / Stability

      1. Specify the component type label for high availability (example)

        To support high-availability deployments, gardener-resource-managers HighAvailabilityConfig webhook injects the proper specification like replica or topology spread constraints. You only need to specify the type label. For more information, see High Availability Of Deployed Components.

      2. Define a PodDisruptionBudget (example)

        Closely related to high availability but also to stability in general: The definition of a PodDisruptionBudget with maxUnavailable=1 should be provided by default.

      3. Choose the right PriorityClass (example)

        Each cluster runs many components with different priorities. Gardener provides a set of default PriorityClasses. For more information, see Priority Classes.

      4. Consider defining liveness and readiness probes (example)

        To ensure smooth rolling update behaviour, consider the definition of liveness and/or readiness probes.

      5. Mark node-critical components (example)

        To ensure user workload pods are only scheduled to Nodes where all node-critical components are ready, these components need to tolerate the node.gardener.cloud/critical-components-not-ready taint (NoSchedule effect). Also, such DaemonSets and the included PodTemplates need to be labelled with node.gardener.cloud/critical-component=true. For more information, see Readiness of Shoot Worker Nodes.

      6. Consider making a Service topology-aware (example)

        To reduce costs and to improve the network traffic latency in multi-zone Seed clusters, consider making a Service topology-aware, if applicable. In short, when a Service is topology-aware, Kubernetes routes network traffic to the Endpoints (Pods) which are located in the same zone where the traffic originated from. In this way, the cross availability zone traffic is avoided. See Topology-Aware Traffic Routing.

      Scalability

      1. Provide resource requirements (example)

        All components should have resource requirements. Generally, they should always request CPU and memory, while only memory shall be limited (no CPU limits!).

      2. Define a VerticalPodAutoscaler (example)

        We typically perform vertical auto-scaling via the VPA managed by the Kubernetes community. Each component should have a respective VerticalPodAutoscaler with “min allowed” resources, “auto update mode”, and “requests only”-mode. VPA is always enabled in garden or seed clusters, while it is optional for shoot clusters.

      3. Define a HorizontalPodAutoscaler if needed (example)

        If your component is capable of scaling horizontally, you should consider defining a HorizontalPodAutoscaler.

      Observability / Operations Productivity

      1. Provide monitoring scrape config and alerting rules (example 1, example 2)

        Components should provide scrape configuration and alerting rules for Prometheus/Alertmanager if appropriate. This should be done inside a dedicated monitoring.go file. Extensions should follow the guidelines described in Extensions Monitoring Integration.

      2. Provide logging parsers and filters (example 1, example 2)

        Components should provide parsers and filters for fluent-bit, if appropriate. This should be done inside a dedicated logging.go file. Extensions should follow the guidelines described in Fluent-bit log parsers and filters.

      3. Set the revisionHistoryLimit to 2 for Deployments (example)

        In order to allow easy inspection of two ReplicaSets to quickly find the changes that lead to a rolling update, the revision history limit should be set to 2.

      4. Define health checks (example 1, example 2)

        gardenlet’s care controllers regularly check the health status of system or control plane components. You need to enhance the lists of components to check if your component related to the seed system or shoot control plane (shoot system components are automatically checked via their respective ManagedResource conditions), see examples above.

      5. Configure automatic restarts in shoot maintenance time window (example 1, example 2)

        Gardener offers to restart components during the maintenance time window. For more information, see Restart Control Plane Controllers and Restart Some Core Addons. You can consider adding the needed label to your control plane component to get this automatic restart (probably not needed for most components).

      4.3 - Dependencies

      Dependency Management

      We are using go modules for depedency management. In order to add a new package dependency to the project, you can perform go get <PACKAGE>@<VERSION> or edit the go.mod file and append the package along with the version you want to use.

      Updating Dependencies

      The Makefile contains a rule called revendor which performs go mod tidy and go mod vendor:

      • go mod tidy makes sure go.mod matches the source code in the module. It adds any missing modules necessary to build the current module’s packages and dependencies, and it removes unused modules that don’t provide any relevant packages.
      • go mod vendor resets the main module’s vendor directory to include all packages needed to build and test all the main module’s packages. It does not include test code for vendored packages.
      make revendor
      

      The dependencies are installed into the vendor folder, which should be added to the VCS.

      ⚠️ Make sure that you test the code after you have updated the dependencies!

      Exported Packages

      This repository contains several packages that could be considered “exported packages”, in a sense that they are supposed to be reused in other Go projects. For example:

      • Gardener’s API packages: pkg/apis
      • Library for building Gardener extensions: extensions
      • Gardener’s Test Framework: test/framework

      There are a few more folders in this repository (non-Go sources) that are reused across projects in the Gardener organization:

      • GitHub templates: .github
      • Concourse / cc-utils related helpers: hack/.ci
      • Development, build and testing helpers: hack

      These packages feature a dummy doc.go file to allow other Go projects to pull them in as go mod dependencies.

      These packages are explicitly not supposed to be used in other projects (consider them as “non-exported”):

      • API validation packages: pkg/apis/*/*/validation
      • Operation package (main Gardener business logic regarding Seed and Shoot clusters): pkg/operation
      • Third party code: third_party

      Currently, we don’t have a mechanism yet for selectively syncing out these exported packages into dedicated repositories like kube’s staging mechanism (publishing-bot).

      Import Restrictions

      We want to make sure that other projects can depend on this repository’s “exported” packages without pulling in the entire repository (including “non-exported” packages) or a high number of other unwanted dependencies. Hence, we have to be careful when adding new imports or references between our packages.

      ℹ️ General rule of thumb: the mentioned “exported” packages should be as self-contained as possible and depend on as few other packages in the repository and other projects as possible.

      In order to support that rule and automatically check compliance with that goal, we leverage import-boss. The tool checks all imports of the given packages (including transitive imports) against rules defined in .import-restrictions files in each directory. An import is allowed if it matches at least one allowed prefix and does not match any forbidden prefixes.

      Note: '' (the empty string) is a prefix of everything. For more details, see the import-boss topic.

      import-boss is executed on every pull request and blocks the PR if it doesn’t comply with the defined import restrictions. You can also run it locally using make check.

      Import restrictions should be changed in the following situations:

      • We spot a new pattern of imports across our packages that was not restricted before but makes it more difficult for other projects to depend on our “exported” packages. In that case, the imports should be further restricted to disallow such problematic imports, and the code/package structure should be reworked to comply with the newly given restrictions.
      • We want to share code between packages, but existing import restrictions prevent us from doing so. In that case, please consider what additional dependencies it will pull in, when loosening existing restrictions. Also consider possible alternatives, like code restructurings or extracting shared code into dedicated packages for minimal impact on dependent projects.

      4.4 - Getting Started Locally

      Developing Gardener Locally

      This document will walk you through running Gardener on your local machine for development purposes. If you encounter difficulties, please open an issue so that we can make this process easier.

      Gardener runs in any Kubernetes cluster. In this guide, we will start a KinD cluster which is used as both garden and seed cluster (please refer to the architecture overview) for simplicity.

      The Gardener components, however, will be run as regular processes on your machine (hence, no container images are being built).

      Architecture Diagram

      Alternatives

      When developing Gardener on your local machine you might face several limitations:

      • Your machine doesn’t have enough compute resources (see prerequisites) for hosting a second seed cluster or multiple shoot clusters.
      • Developing Gardener’s IPv6 features requires a Linux machine and native IPv6 connectivity to the internet, but you’re on macOS or don’t have IPv6 connectivity in your office environment or via your home ISP.

      In these cases, you might want to check out one of the following options that run the setup described in this guide elsewhere for circumventing these limitations:

      Prerequisites

      • Make sure that you have followed the Local Setup guide up until the Get the sources step.

      • Make sure your Docker daemon is up-to-date, up and running and has enough resources (at least 4 CPUs and 4Gi memory; see here how to configure the resources for Docker for Mac).

        Please note that 4 CPU / 4Gi memory might not be enough for more than one Shoot cluster, i.e., you might need to increase these values if you want to run additional Shoots. If you plan on following the optional steps to create a second seed cluster, the required resources will be more - at least 10 CPUs and 16Gi memory.

        Additionally, please configure at least 120Gi of disk size for the Docker daemon.

        Tip: With docker system df and docker system prune -a you can cleanup unused data.

      • Make sure that you increase the maximum number of open files on your host:

        • On Mac, run sudo launchctl limit maxfiles 65536 200000

        • On Linux, extend the /etc/security/limits.conf file with

          * hard nofile 97816
          * soft nofile 97816
          

          and reload the terminal.

      Setting Up the KinD Cluster (Garden and Seed)

      make kind-up KIND_ENV=local
      

      If you want to setup an IPv6 KinD cluster, use make kind-up KIND_ENV=local IPFAMILY=ipv6 instead.

      This command sets up a new KinD cluster named gardener-local and stores the kubeconfig in the ./example/gardener-local/kind/local/kubeconfig file.

      It might be helpful to copy this file to $HOME/.kube/config since you will need to target this KinD cluster multiple times. Alternatively, make sure to set your KUBECONFIG environment variable to ./example/gardener-local/kind/local/kubeconfig for all future steps via export KUBECONFIG=example/gardener-local/kind/local/kubeconfig.

      All following steps assume that you are using this kubeconfig.

      Additionally, this command also deploys a local container registry to the cluster as well as a few registry mirrors, that are set up as a pull-through cache for all upstream registries Gardener uses by default. This is done to speed up image pulls across local clusters. The local registry can be accessed as localhost:5001 for pushing and pulling. The storage directories of the registries are mounted to the host machine under dev/local-registry. With this, mirrored images don’t have to be pulled again after recreating the cluster.

      The command also deploys a default calico installation as the cluster’s CNI implementation with NetworkPolicy support (the default kindnet CNI doesn’t provide NetworkPolicy support). Furthermore, it deploys the metrics-server in order to support HPA and VPA on the seed cluster.

      Setting Up IPv6 Single-Stack Networking (optional)

      First, ensure that your /etc/hosts file contains an entry resolving localhost to the IPv6 loopback address:

      ::1 localhost
      

      Typically, only ip6-localhost is mapped to ::1 on linux machines. However, we need localhost to resolve to both 127.0.0.1 and ::1 so that we can talk to our registry via a single address (localhost:5001).

      Next, we need to configure NAT for outgoing traffic from the kind network to the internet. After executing make kind-up IPFAMILY=ipv6, execute the following command to set up the corresponding iptables rules:

      ip6tables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $(ip route show default | awk '{print $5}') -s fd00:10::/64 -j MASQUERADE
      

      Setting Up Gardener

      In a terminal pane, run:

      make dev-setup                                                                # preparing the environment (without webhooks for now)
      kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l run=etcd -n garden --timeout 2m     # wait for etcd to be ready
      make start-apiserver                                                          # starting gardener-apiserver
      

      For IPv6 use make dev-setup IPFAMILY=ipv6 instead.

      In a new terminal pane, run:

      kubectl wait --for=condition=available apiservice v1beta1.core.gardener.cloud # wait for gardener-apiserver to be ready
      make start-admission-controller                                               # starting gardener-admission-controller
      

      In a new terminal pane, run:

      make dev-setup DEV_SETUP_WITH_WEBHOOKS=true                                   # preparing the environment with webhooks
      make start-controller-manager                                                 # starting gardener-controller-manager
      

      For IPv6 use make dev-setup DEV_SETUP_WITH_WEBHOOKS=true IPFAMILY=ipv6 instead.

      (Optional): In a new terminal pane, run:

      make start-scheduler                                                          # starting gardener-scheduler
      

      In a new terminal pane, run:

      make register-local-env                                                       # registering the local environment (CloudProfile, Seed, etc.)
      make start-gardenlet SEED_NAME=local                                          # starting gardenlet
      

      For IPv6 use make register-local-env IPFAMILY=ipv6 instead.

      In a new terminal pane, run:

      make start-extension-provider-local                                           # starting gardener-extension-provider-local
      

      For IPv6 use make start-extension-provider-local IPFAMILY=ipv6 instead.

      ℹ️ The provider-local is started with elevated privileges since it needs to manipulate your /etc/hosts file to enable you accessing the created shoot clusters from your local machine, see this for more details.

      Creating a Shoot Cluster

      You can wait for the Seed to become ready by running:

      ./hack/usage/wait-for.sh seed local GardenletReady Bootstrapped SeedSystemComponentsHealthy ExtensionsReady
      

      Alternatively, you can run kubectl get seed local and wait for the STATUS to indicate readiness:

      NAME    STATUS   PROVIDER   REGION   AGE     VERSION       K8S VERSION
      local   Ready    local      local    4m42s   vX.Y.Z-dev    v1.21.1
      

      In order to create a first shoot cluster, just run:

      kubectl apply -f example/provider-local/shoot.yaml
      

      You can wait for the Shoot to be ready by running:

      NAMESPACE=garden-local ./hack/usage/wait-for.sh shoot local APIServerAvailable ControlPlaneHealthy ObservabilityComponentsHealthy EveryNodeReady SystemComponentsHealthy
      

      Alternatively, you can run kubectl -n garden-local get shoot local and wait for the LAST OPERATION to reach 100%:

      NAME    CLOUDPROFILE   PROVIDER   REGION   K8S VERSION   HIBERNATION   LAST OPERATION            STATUS    AGE
      local   local          local      local    1.21.0        Awake         Create Processing (43%)   healthy   94s
      

      (Optional): You could also execute a simple e2e test (creating and deleting a shoot) by running:

      make test-e2e-local-simple KUBECONFIG="$PWD/example/gardener-local/kind/local/kubeconfig"
      

      When the Shoot got created successfully, you can acquire a kubeconfig by using the shoots/adminkubeconfig subresource to access the cluster.

      (Optional): Setting Up a Second Seed Cluster

      There are cases where you would want to create a second seed cluster in your local setup. For example, if you want to test the control plane migration feature. The following steps describe how to do that.

      If you are on macOS, add a new IP address on your loopback device which will be necessary for the new KinD cluster that you will create. On macOS, the default loopback device is lo0.

      sudo ip addr add 127.0.0.2 dev lo0                                     # adding 127.0.0.2 ip to the loopback interface
      

      Next, setup the second KinD cluster:

      make kind2-up KIND_ENV=local
      

      This command sets up a new KinD cluster named gardener-local2 and stores its kubeconfig in the ./example/gardener-local/kind/local2/kubeconfig file. You will need this file when starting the provider-local extension controller for the second seed cluster.

      make register-kind2-env                                           # registering the local2 seed
      make start-gardenlet SEED_NAME=local2                             # starting gardenlet for the local2 seed
      

      In a new terminal pane, run:

      export KUBECONFIG=./example/gardener-local/kind/local2/kubeconfig       # setting KUBECONFIG to point to second kind cluster
      make start-extension-provider-local \
        WEBHOOK_SERVER_PORT=9444 \
        WEBHOOK_CERT_DIR=/tmp/gardener-extension-provider-local2 \
        SERVICE_HOST_IP=127.0.0.2 \
        METRICS_BIND_ADDRESS=:8082 \
        HEALTH_BIND_ADDRESS=:8083                                       # starting gardener-extension-provider-local
      

      If you want to perform a control plane migration you can follow the steps outlined in the Control Plane Migration topic to migrate the shoot cluster to the second seed you just created.

      Deleting the Shoot Cluster

      ./hack/usage/delete shoot local garden-local
      

      (Optional): Tear Down the Second Seed Cluster

      make tear-down-kind2-env
      make kind2-down
      

      Tear Down the Gardener Environment

      make tear-down-local-env
      make kind-down
      

      Remote Local Setup

      Just like Prow is executing the KinD based integration tests in a K8s pod, it is possible to interactively run this KinD based Gardener development environment aka “local setup” in a “remote” K8s pod.

      k apply -f docs/development/content/remote-local-setup.yaml
      k exec -it deployment/remote-local-setup -- sh
      
      tmux -u a
      

      Caveats

      Please refer to the TMUX documentation for working effectively inside the remote-local-setup pod.

      To access Plutono, Prometheus, or other components in a browser, two port forwards are needed:

      The port forward from the laptop to the pod:

      k port-forward deployment/remote-local-setup 3000
      

      The port forward in the remote-local-setup pod to the respective component:

      k port-forward -n shoot--local--local deployment/plutono 3000
      

      4.5 - High Availability

      High Availability of Deployed Components

      gardenlets and extension controllers are deploying components via Deployments, StatefulSets, etc., as part of the shoot control plane, or the seed or shoot system components.

      Some of the above component deployments must be further tuned to improve fault tolerance / resilience of the service. This document outlines what needs to be done to achieve this goal.

      Please be forwarded to the Convenient Application Of These Rules section, if you want to take a shortcut to the list of actions that require developers’ attention.

      Seed Clusters

      The worker nodes of seed clusters can be deployed to one or multiple availability zones. The Seed specification allows you to provide the information which zones are available:

      spec:
        provider:
          region: europe-1
          zones:
          - europe-1a
          - europe-1b
          - europe-1c
      

      Independent of the number of zones, seed system components like the gardenlet or the extension controllers themselves, or others like etcd-druid, dependency-watchdog, etc., should always be running with multiple replicas.

      Concretely, all seed system components should respect the following conventions:

      • Replica Counts

        Component Type< 3 Zones>= 3 ZonesComment
        Observability (Monitoring, Logging)11Downtimes accepted due to cost reasons
        Controllers22/
        (Webhook) Servers22/

        Apart from the above, there might be special cases where these rules do not apply, for example:

        • istio-ingressgateway is scaled horizontally, hence the above numbers are the minimum values.
        • nginx-ingress-controller in the seed cluster is used to advertise all shoot observability endpoints, so due to performance reasons it runs with 2 replicas at all times. In the future, this component might disappear in favor of the istio-ingressgateway anyways.
      • Topology Spread Constraints

        When the component has >= 2 replicas …

        • … then it should also have a topologySpreadConstraint, ensuring the replicas are spread over the nodes:

          spec:
            topologySpreadConstraints:
            - maxSkew: 1
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
              whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
              matchLabels: ...
          

          Hence, the node spread is done on best-effort basis only.

        • … and the seed cluster has >= 2 zones, then the component should also have a second topologySpreadConstraint, ensuring the replicas are spread over the zones:

          spec:
            topologySpreadConstraints:
            - maxSkew: 1
              minDomains: 2 # lower value of max replicas or number of zones
              topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
              whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule
              matchLabels: ...
          

      According to these conventions, even seed clusters with only one availability zone try to be highly available “as good as possible” by spreading the replicas across multiple nodes. Hence, while such seed clusters obviously cannot handle zone outages, they can at least handle node failures.

      Shoot Clusters

      The Shoot specification allows configuring “high availability” as well as the failure tolerance type for the control plane components, see Highly Available Shoot Control Plane for details.

      Regarding the seed cluster selection, the only constraint is that shoot clusters with failure tolerance type zone are only allowed to run on seed clusters with at least three zones. All other shoot clusters (non-HA or those with failure tolerance type node) can run on seed clusters with any number of zones.

      Control Plane Components

      All control plane components should respect the following conventions:

      • Replica Counts

        Component Typew/o HAw/ HA (node)w/ HA (zone)Comment
        Observability (Monitoring, Logging)111Downtimes accepted due to cost reasons
        Controllers122/
        (Webhook) Servers222/

        Apart from the above, there might be special cases where these rules do not apply, for example:

        • etcd is a server, though the most critical component of a cluster requiring a quorum to survive failures. Hence, it should have 3 replicas even when the failure tolerance is node only.
        • kube-apiserver is scaled horizontally, hence the above numbers are the minimum values (even when the shoot cluster is not HA, there might be multiple replicas).
      • Topology Spread Constraints

        When the component has >= 2 replicas …

        • … then it should also have a topologySpreadConstraint ensuring the replicas are spread over the nodes:

          spec:
            topologySpreadConstraints:
            - maxSkew: 1
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
              whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
              matchLabels: ...
          

          Hence, the node spread is done on best-effort basis only.

          However, if the shoot cluster has defined a failure tolerance type, the whenUnsafisfiable field should be set to DoNotSchedule.

        • … and the failure tolerance type of the shoot cluster is zone, then the component should also have a second topologySpreadConstraint ensuring the replicas are spread over the zones:

          spec:
            topologySpreadConstraints:
            - maxSkew: 1
              minDomains: 2 # lower value of max replicas or number of zones
              topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
              whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule
              matchLabels: ...
          
      • Node Affinity

        The gardenlet annotates the shoot namespace in the seed cluster with the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zones annotation.

        • If the shoot cluster is non-HA or has failure tolerance type node, then the value will be always exactly one zone (e.g., high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zones=europe-1b).
        • If the shoot cluster has failure tolerance type zone, then the value will always contain exactly three zones (e.g., high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zones=europe-1a,europe-1b,europe-1c).

        For backwards-compatibility, this annotation might contain multiple zones for shoot clusters created before gardener/gardener@v1.60 and not having failure tolerance type zone. This is because their volumes might already exist in multiple zones, hence pinning them to only one zone would not work.

        Hence, in case this annotation is present, the components should have the following node affinity:

        spec:
          affinity:
            nodeAffinity:
              requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
                nodeSelectorTerms:
                - matchExpressions:
                  - key: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
                    operator: In
                    values:
                    - europe-1a
                  # - ...
        

        This is to ensure all pods are running in the same (set of) availability zone(s) such that cross-zone network traffic is avoided as much as possible (such traffic is typically charged by the underlying infrastructure provider).

      System Components

      The availability of system components is independent of the control plane since they run on the shoot worker nodes while the control plane components run on the seed worker nodes (for more information, see the Kubernetes architecture overview). Hence, it only depends on the number of availability zones configured in the shoot worker pools via .spec.provider.workers[].zones. Concretely, the highest number of zones of a worker pool with systemComponents.allow=true is considered.

      All system components should respect the following conventions:

      • Replica Counts

        Component Type1 or 2 Zones>= 3 Zones
        Controllers22
        (Webhook) Servers22

        Apart from the above, there might be special cases where these rules do not apply, for example:

        • coredns is scaled horizontally (today), hence the above numbers are the minimum values (possibly, scaling these components vertically may be more appropriate, but that’s unrelated to the HA subject matter).
        • Optional addons like nginx-ingress or kubernetes-dashboard are only provided on best-effort basis for evaluation purposes, hence they run with 1 replica at all times.
      • Topology Spread Constraints

        When the component has >= 2 replicas …

        • … then it should also have a topologySpreadConstraint ensuring the replicas are spread over the nodes:

          spec:
            topologySpreadConstraints:
            - maxSkew: 1
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
              whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
              matchLabels: ...
          

          Hence, the node spread is done on best-effort basis only.

        • … and the cluster has >= 2 zones, then the component should also have a second topologySpreadConstraint ensuring the replicas are spread over the zones:

          spec:
            topologySpreadConstraints:
            - maxSkew: 1
              minDomains: 2 # lower value of max replicas or number of zones
              topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
              whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule
              matchLabels: ...
          

      Convenient Application of These Rules

      According to above scenarios and conventions, the replicas, topologySpreadConstraints or affinity settings of the deployed components might need to be adapted.

      In order to apply those conveniently and easily for developers, Gardener installs a mutating webhook into both seed and shoot clusters which reacts on Deployments and StatefulSets deployed to namespaces with the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/consider=true label set.

      The following actions have to be taken by developers:

      1. Check if components are prepared to run concurrently with multiple replicas, e.g. controllers usually use leader election to achieve this.

      2. All components should be generally equipped with PodDisruptionBudgets with .spec.maxUnavailable=1:

      spec:
        maxUnavailable: 1
        selector:
          matchLabels: ...
      
      1. Add the label high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/type to deployments or statefulsets, as well as optionally involved horizontalpodautoscalers or HVPAs where the following two values are possible:
      • controller
      • server

      Type server is also preferred if a component is a controller and (webhook) server at the same time.

      You can read more about the webhook’s internals in High Availability Config.

      gardenlet Internals

      Make sure you have read the above document about the webhook internals before continuing reading this section.

      Seed Controller

      The gardenlet performs the following changes on all namespaces running seed system components:

      • adds the label high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/consider=true.
      • adds the annotation high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zones=<zones>, where <zones> is the list provided in .spec.provider.zones[] in the Seed specification.

      Note that neither the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/failure-tolerance-type, nor the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zone-pinning annotations are set, hence the node affinity would never be touched by the webhook.

      The only exception to this rule are the istio ingress gateway namespaces. This includes the default istio ingress gateway when SNI is enabled, as well as analogous namespaces for exposure classes and zone-specific istio ingress gateways. Those namespaces will additionally be annotated with high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zone-pinning set to true, resulting in the node affinities and the topology spread constraints being set. The replicas are not touched, as the istio ingress gateways are scaled by a horizontal autoscaler instance.

      Shoot Controller

      Control Plane

      The gardenlet performs the following changes on the namespace running the shoot control plane components:

      • adds the label high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/consider=true. This makes the webhook mutate the replica count and the topology spread constraints.
      • adds the annotation high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/failure-tolerance-type with value equal to .spec.controlPlane.highAvailability.failureTolerance.type (or "", if .spec.controlPlane.highAvailability=nil). This makes the webhook mutate the node affinity according to the specified zone(s).
      • adds the annotation high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zones=<zones>, where <zones> is a …
        • … random zone chosen from the .spec.provider.zones[] list in the Seed specification (always only one zone (even if there are multiple available in the seed cluster)) in case the Shoot has no HA setting (i.e., spec.controlPlane.highAvailability=nil) or when the Shoot has HA setting with failure tolerance type node.
        • … list of three randomly chosen zones from the .spec.provider.zones[] list in the Seed specification in case the Shoot has HA setting with failure tolerance type zone.

      System Components

      The gardenlet performs the following changes on all namespaces running shoot system components:

      • adds the label high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/consider=true. This makes the webhook mutate the replica count and the topology spread constraints.
      • adds the annotation high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zones=<zones> where <zones> is the merged list of zones provided in .zones[] with systemComponents.allow=true for all worker pools in .spec.provider.workers[] in the Shoot specification.

      Note that neither the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/failure-tolerance-type, nor the high-availability-config.resources.gardener.cloud/zone-pinning annotations are set, hence the node affinity would never be touched by the webhook.

      4.6 - Kubernetes Clients

      Kubernetes Clients in Gardener

      This document aims at providing a general developer guideline on different aspects of using Kubernetes clients in a large-scale distributed system and project like Gardener. The points included here are not meant to be consulted as absolute rules, but rather as general rules of thumb that allow developers to get a better feeling about certain gotchas and caveats. It should be updated with lessons learned from maintaining the project and running Gardener in production.

      Prerequisites:

      Please familiarize yourself with the following basic Kubernetes API concepts first, if you’re new to Kubernetes. A good understanding of these basics will help you better comprehend the following document.

      Client Types: Client-Go, Generated, Controller-Runtime

      For historical reasons, you will find different kinds of Kubernetes clients in Gardener:

      Client-Go Clients

      client-go is the default/official client for talking to the Kubernetes API in Golang. It features the so called “client sets” for all built-in Kubernetes API groups and versions (e.g. v1 (aka core/v1), apps/v1). client-go clients are generated from the built-in API types using client-gen and are composed of interfaces for every known API GroupVersionKind. A typical client-go usage looks like this:

      var (
        ctx        context.Context
        c          kubernetes.Interface // "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
        deployment *appsv1.Deployment   // "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
      )
      
      updatedDeployment, err := c.AppsV1().Deployments("default").Update(ctx, deployment, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
      

      Important characteristics of client-go clients:

      • clients are specific to a given API GroupVersionKind, i.e., clients are hard-coded to corresponding API-paths (don’t need to use the discovery API to map GVK to a REST endpoint path).
      • client’s don’t modify the passed in-memory object (e.g. deployment in the above example). Instead, they return a new in-memory object.
        This means that controllers have to continue working with the new in-memory object or overwrite the shared object to not lose any state updates.

      Generated Client Sets for Gardener APIs

      Gardener’s APIs extend the Kubernetes API by registering an extension API server (in the garden cluster) and CustomResourceDefinitions (on Seed clusters), meaning that the Kubernetes API will expose additional REST endpoints to manage Gardener resources in addition to the built-in API resources. In order to talk to these extended APIs in our controllers and components, client-gen is used to generate client-go-style clients to pkg/client/{core,extensions,seedmanagement,...}.

      Usage of these clients is equivalent to client-go clients, and the same characteristics apply. For example:

      var (
        ctx   context.Context
        c     gardencoreclientset.Interface // "github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/client/core/clientset/versioned"
        shoot *gardencorev1beta1.Shoot      // "github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1"
      )
      
      updatedShoot, err := c.CoreV1beta1().Shoots("garden-my-project").Update(ctx, shoot, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
      

      Controller-Runtime Clients

      controller-runtime is a Kubernetes community project (kubebuilder subproject) for building controllers and operators for custom resources. Therefore, it features a generic client that follows a different approach and does not rely on generated client sets. Instead, the client can be used for managing any Kubernetes resources (built-in or custom) homogeneously. For example:

      var (
        ctx        context.Context
        c          client.Client            // "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
        deployment *appsv1.Deployment       // "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
        shoot      *gardencorev1beta1.Shoot // "github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/apis/core/v1beta1"
      )
      
      err := c.Update(ctx, deployment)
      // or
      err = c.Update(ctx, shoot)
      

      A brief introduction to controller-runtime and its basic constructs can be found at the official Go documentation.

      Important characteristics of controller-runtime clients:

      • The client functions take a generic client.Object or client.ObjectList value. These interfaces are implemented by all Golang types, that represent Kubernetes API objects or lists respectively which can be interacted with via usual API requests. [1]
      • The client first consults a runtime.Scheme (configured during client creation) for recognizing the object’s GroupVersionKind (this happens on the client-side only).
        A runtime.Scheme is basically a registry for Golang API types, defaulting and conversion functions. Schemes are usually provided per GroupVersion (see this example for apps/v1) and can be combined to one single scheme for further usage (example). In controller-runtime clients, schemes are used only for mapping a typed API object to its GroupVersionKind.
      • It then consults a meta.RESTMapper (also configured during client creation) for mapping the GroupVersionKind to a RESTMapping, which contains the GroupVersionResource and Scope (namespaced or cluster-scoped). From these values, the client can unambiguously determine the REST endpoint path of the corresponding API resource. For instance: appsv1.DeploymentList is available at /apis/apps/v1/deployments or /apis/apps/v1/namespaces/<namespace>/deployments respectively.
        • There are different RESTMapper implementations, but generally they are talking to the API server’s discovery API for retrieving RESTMappings for all API resources known to the API server (either built-in, registered via API extension or CustomResourceDefinitions).
        • The default implementation of a controller-runtime (which Gardener uses as well) is the dynamic RESTMapper. It caches discovery results (i.e. RESTMappings) in-memory and only re-discovers resources from the API server when a client tries to use an unknown GroupVersionKind, i.e., when it encounters a No{Kind,Resource}MatchError.
      • The client writes back results from the API server into the passed in-memory object.
        • This means that controllers don’t have to worry about copying back the results and should just continue to work on the given in-memory object.
        • This is a nice and flexible pattern, and helper functions should try to follow it wherever applicable. Meaning, if possible accept an object param, pass it down to clients and keep working on the same in-memory object instead of creating a new one in your helper function.
        • The benefit is that you don’t lose updates to the API object and always have the last-known state in memory. Therefore, you don’t have to read it again, e.g., for getting the current resourceVersion when working with optimistic locking, and thus minimize the chances for running into conflicts.
        • However, controllers must not use the same in-memory object concurrently in multiple goroutines. For example, decoding results from the API server in multiple goroutines into the same maps (e.g., labels, annotations) will cause panics because of “concurrent map writes”. Also, reading from an in-memory API object in one goroutine while decoding into it in another goroutine will yield non-atomic reads, meaning data might be corrupt and represent a non-valid/non-existing API object.
        • Therefore, if you need to use the same in-memory object in multiple goroutines concurrently (e.g., shared state), remember to leverage proper synchronization techniques like channels, mutexes, atomic.Value and/or copy the object prior to use. The average controller however, will not need to share in-memory API objects between goroutines, and it’s typically an indicator that the controller’s design should be improved.
      • The client decoder erases the object’s TypeMeta (apiVersion and kind fields) after retrieval from the API server, see kubernetes/kubernetes#80609, kubernetes-sigs/controller-runtime#1517. Unstructured and metadata-only requests objects are an exception to this because the contained TypeMeta is the only way to identify the object’s type. Because of this behavior, obj.GetObjectKind().GroupVersionKind() is likely to return an empty GroupVersionKind. I.e., you must not rely on TypeMeta being set or GetObjectKind() to return something usable.
        If you need to identify an object’s GroupVersionKind, use a scheme and its ObjectKinds function instead (or the helper function apiutil.GVKForObject). This is not specific to controller-runtime clients and applies to client-go clients as well.

      [1] Other lower level, config or internal API types (e.g., such as AdmissionReview) don’t implement client.Object. However, you also can’t interact with such objects via the Kubernetes API and thus also not via a client, so this can be disregarded at this point.

      Metadata-Only Clients

      Additionally, controller-runtime clients can be used to easily retrieve metadata-only objects or lists. This is useful for efficiently checking if at least one object of a given kind exists, or retrieving metadata of an object, if one is not interested in the rest (e.g., spec/status).
      The Accept header sent to the API server then contains application/json;as=PartialObjectMetadataList;g=meta.k8s.io;v=v1, which makes the API server only return metadata of the retrieved object(s). This saves network traffic and CPU/memory load on the API server and client side. If the client fully lists all objects of a given kind including their spec/status, the resulting list can be quite large and easily exceed the controllers available memory. That’s why it’s important to carefully check if a full list is actually needed, or if metadata-only list can be used instead.

      For example:

      var (
        ctx       context.Context
        c         client.Client                         // "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
        shootList = &metav1.PartialObjectMetadataList{} // "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
      )
      shootList.SetGroupVersionKind(gardencorev1beta1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithKind("ShootList"))
      
      if err := c.List(ctx, shootList, client.InNamespace("garden-my-project"), client.Limit(1)); err != nil {
        return err
      }
      
      if len(shootList.Items) > 0 {
        // project has at least one shoot
      } else {
        // project doesn't have any shoots
      }
      

      Gardener’s Client Collection, ClientMaps

      The Gardener codebase has a collection of clients (kubernetes.Interface), which can return all the above mentioned client types. Additionally, it contains helpers for rendering and applying helm charts (ChartRender, ChartApplier) and retrieving the API server’s version (Version).
      Client sets are managed by so called ClientMaps, which are a form of registry for all client set for a given type of cluster, i.e., Garden, Seed and Shoot. ClientMaps manage the whole lifecycle of clients: they take care of creating them if they don’t exist already, running their caches, refreshing their cached server version and invalidating them when they are no longer needed.

      var (
        ctx   context.Context
        cm    clientmap.ClientMap // "github.com/gardener/gardener/pkg/client/kubernetes/clientmap"
        shoot *gardencorev1beta1.Shoot
      )
      
      cs, err := cm.GetClient(ctx, keys.ForShoot(shoot)) // kubernetes.Interface
      if err != nil {
        return err
      }
      
      c := cs.Client() // client.Client
      

      The client collection mainly exist for historical reasons (there used to be a lot of code using the client-go style clients). However, Gardener is in the process of moving more towards controller-runtime and only using their clients, as they provide many benefits and are much easier to use. Also, gardener/gardener#4251 aims at refactoring our controller and admission components to native controller-runtime components.

      ⚠️ Please always prefer controller-runtime clients over other clients when writing new code or refactoring existing code.

      Cache Types: Informers, Listers, Controller-Runtime Caches

      Similar to the different types of client(set)s, there are also different kinds of Kubernetes client caches. However, all of them are based on the same concept: Informers. An Informer is a watch-based cache implementation, meaning it opens watch connections to the API server and continuously updates cached objects based on the received watch events (ADDED, MODIFIED, DELETED). Informers offer to add indices to the cache for efficient object lookup (e.g., by name or labels) and to add EventHandlers for the watch events. The latter is used by controllers to fill queues with objects that should be reconciled on watch events.

      Informers are used in and created via several higher-level constructs:

      SharedInformerFactories, Listers

      The generated clients (built-in as well as extended) feature a SharedInformerFactory for every API group, which can be used to create and retrieve Informers for all GroupVersionKinds. Similarly, it can be used to retrieve Listers that allow getting and listing objects from the Informer’s cache. However, both of these constructs are only used for historical reasons, and we are in the process of migrating away from them in favor of cached controller-runtime clients (see gardener/gardener#2414, gardener/gardener#2822). Thus, they are described only briefly here.

      Important characteristics of Listers:

      • Objects read from Informers and Listers can always be slightly out-out-date (i.e., stale) because the client has to first observe changes to API objects via watch events (which can intermittently lag behind by a second or even more).
      • Thus, don’t make any decisions based on data read from Listers if the consequences of deciding wrongfully based on stale state might be catastrophic (e.g. leaking infrastructure resources). In such cases, read directly from the API server via a client instead.
      • Objects retrieved from Informers or Listers are pointers to the cached objects, so they must not be modified without copying them first, otherwise the objects in the cache are also modified.

      Controller-Runtime Caches

      controller-runtime features a cache implementation that can be used equivalently as their clients. In fact, it implements a subset of the client.Client interface containing the Get and List functions. Under the hood, a cache.Cache dynamically creates Informers (i.e., opens watches) for every object GroupVersionKind that is being retrieved from it.

      Note that the underlying Informers of a controller-runtime cache (cache.Cache) and the ones of a SharedInformerFactory (client-go) are not related in any way. Both create Informers and watch objects on the API server individually. This means that if you read the same object from different cache implementations, you may receive different versions of the object because the watch connections of the individual Informers are not synced.

      ⚠️ Because of this, controllers/reconcilers should get the object from the same cache in the reconcile loop, where the EventHandler was also added to set up the controller. For example, if a SharedInformerFactory is used for setting up the controller then read the object in the reconciler from the Lister instead of from a cached controller-runtime client.

      By default, the client.Client created by a controller-runtime Manager is a DelegatingClient. It delegates Get and List calls to a Cache, and all other calls to a client that talks directly to the API server. Exceptions are requests with *unstructured.Unstructured objects and object kinds that were configured to be excluded from the cache in the DelegatingClient.

      ℹ️ kubernetes.Interface.Client() returns a DelegatingClient that uses the cache returned from kubernetes.Interface.Cache() under the hood. This means that all Client() usages need to be ready for cached clients and should be able to cater with stale cache reads.

      Important characteristics of cached controller-runtime clients:

      • Like for Listers, objects read from a controller-runtime cache can always be slightly out of date. Hence, don’t base any important decisions on data read from the cache (see above).
      • In contrast to Listers, controller-runtime caches fill the passed in-memory object with the state of the object in the cache (i.e., they perform something like a “deep copy into”). This means that objects read from a controller-runtime cache can safely be modified without unintended side effects.
      • Reading from a controller-runtime cache or a cached controller-runtime client implicitly starts a watch for the given object kind under the hood. This has important consequences:
        • Reading a given object kind from the cache for the first time can take up to a few seconds depending on size and amount of objects as well as API server latency. This is because the cache has to do a full list operation and wait for an initial watch sync before returning results.
        • ⚠️ Controllers need appropriate RBAC permissions for the object kinds they retrieve via cached clients (i.e., list and watch).
        • ⚠️ By default, watches started by a controller-runtime cache are cluster-scoped, meaning it watches and caches objects across all namespaces. Thus, be careful which objects to read from the cache as it might significantly increase the controller’s memory footprint.
      • There is no interaction with the cache on writing calls (Create, Update, Patch and Delete), see below.

      Uncached objects, filtered caches, APIReaders:

      In order to allow more granular control over which object kinds should be cached and which calls should bypass the cache, controller-runtime offers a few mechanisms to further tweak the client/cache behavior:

      • When creating a DelegatingClient, certain object kinds can be configured to always be read directly from the API instead of from the cache. Note that this does not prevent starting a new Informer when retrieving them directly from the cache.
      • Watches can be restricted to a given (set of) namespace(s) by using cache.MultiNamespacedCacheBuilder or setting cache.Options.Namespace.
      • Watches can be filtered (e.g., by label) per object kind by configuring cache.Options.SelectorsByObject on creation of the cache.
      • Retrieving metadata-only objects or lists from a cache results in a metadata-only watch/cache for that object kind.
      • The APIReader can be used to always talk directly to the API server for a given Get or List call (use with care and only as a last resort!).

      To Cache or Not to Cache

      Although watch-based caches are an important factor for the immense scalability of Kubernetes, it definitely comes at a price (mainly in terms of memory consumption). Thus, developers need to be careful when introducing new API calls and caching new object kinds. Here are some general guidelines on choosing whether to read from a cache or not:

      • Always try to use the cache wherever possible and make your controller able to tolerate stale reads.
        • Leverage optimistic locking: use deterministic naming for objects you create (this is what the Deployment controller does [2]).
        • Leverage optimistic locking / concurrency control of the API server: send updates/patches with the last-known resourceVersion from the cache (see below). This will make the request fail, if there were concurrent updates to the object (conflict error), which indicates that we have operated on stale data and might have made wrong decisions. In this case, let the controller handle the error with exponential backoff. This will make the controller eventually consistent.
        • Track the actions you took, e.g., when creating objects with generateName (this is what the ReplicaSet controller does [3]). The actions can be tracked in memory and repeated if the expected watch events don’t occur after a given amount of time.
        • Always try to write controllers with the assumption that data will only be eventually correct and can be slightly out of date (even if read directly from the API server!).
        • If there is already some other code that needs a cache (e.g., a controller watch), reuse it instead of doing extra direct reads.
        • Don’t read an object again if you just sent a write request. Write requests (Create, Update, Patch and Delete) don’t interact with the cache. Hence, use the current state that the API server returned (filled into the passed in-memory object), which is basically a “free direct read” instead of reading the object again from a cache, because this will probably set back the object to an older resourceVersion.
      • If you are concerned about the impact of the resulting cache, try to minimize that by using filtered or metadata-only watches.
      • If watching and caching an object type is not feasible, for example because there will be a lot of updates, and you are only interested in the object every ~5m, or because it will blow up the controllers memory footprint, fallback to a direct read. This can either be done by disabling caching the object type generally or doing a single request via an APIReader. In any case, please bear in mind that every direct API call results in a quorum read from etcd, which can be costly in a heavily-utilized cluster and impose significant scalability limits. Thus, always try to minimize the impact of direct calls by filtering results by namespace or labels, limiting the number of results and/or using metadata-only calls.

      [2] The Deployment controller uses the pattern <deployment-name>-<podtemplate-hash> for naming ReplicaSets. This means, the name of a ReplicaSet it tries to create/update/delete at any given time is deterministically calculated based on the Deployment object. By this, it is insusceptible to stale reads from its ReplicaSets cache.

      [3] In simple terms, the ReplicaSet controller tracks its CREATE pod actions as follows: when creating new Pods, it increases a counter of expected ADDED watch events for the corresponding ReplicaSet. As soon as such events arrive, it decreases the counter accordingly. It only creates new Pods for a given ReplicaSet once all expected events occurred (counter is back to zero) or a timeout has occurred. This way, it prevents creating more Pods than desired because of stale cache reads and makes the controller eventually consistent.

      Conflicts, Concurrency Control, and Optimistic Locking

      Every Kubernetes API object contains the metadata.resourceVersion field, which identifies an object’s version in the backing data store, i.e., etcd. Every write to an object in etcd results in a newer resourceVersion. This field is mainly used for concurrency control on the API server in an optimistic locking fashion, but also for efficient resumption of interrupted watch connections.

      Optimistic locking in the Kubernetes API sense means that when a client wants to update an API object, then it includes the object’s resourceVersion in the request to indicate the object’s version the modifications are based on. If the resourceVersion in etcd has not changed in the meantime, the update request is accepted by the API server and the updated object is written to etcd. If the resourceVersion sent by the client does not match the one of the object stored in etcd, there were concurrent modifications to the object. Consequently, the request is rejected with a conflict error (status code 409, API reason Conflict), for example:

      {
        "kind": "Status",
        "apiVersion": "v1",
        "metadata": {},
        "status": "Failure",
        "message": "Operation cannot be fulfilled on configmaps \"foo\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again",
        "reason": "Conflict",
        "details": {
          "name": "foo",
          "kind": "configmaps"
        },
        "code": 409
      }
      

      This concurrency control is an important mechanism in Kubernetes as there are typically multiple clients acting on API objects at the same time (humans, different controllers, etc.). If a client receives a conflict error, it should read the object’s latest version from the API server, make the modifications based on the newest changes, and retry the update. The reasoning behind this is that a client might choose to make different decisions based on the concurrent changes made by other actors compared to the outdated version that it operated on.

      Important points about concurrency control and conflicts:

      • The resourceVersion field carries a string value and clients must not assume numeric values (the type and structure of versions depend on the backing data store). This means clients may compare resourceVersion values to detect whether objects were changed. But they must not compare resourceVersions to figure out which one is newer/older, i.e., no greater/less-than comparisons are allowed.
      • By default, update calls (e.g. via client-go and controller-runtime clients) use optimistic locking as the passed in-memory usually object contains the latest resourceVersion known to the controller, which is then also sent to the API server.
      • API servers can also choose to accept update calls without optimistic locking (i.e., without a resourceVersion in the object’s metadata) for any given resource. However, sending update requests without optimistic locking is strongly discouraged, as doing so overwrites the entire object, discarding any concurrent changes made to it.
      • On the other side, patch requests can always be executed either with or without optimistic locking, by (not) including the resourceVersion in the patched object’s metadata. Sending patch requests without optimistic locking might be safe and even desirable as a patch typically updates only a specific section of the object. However, there are also situations where patching without optimistic locking is not safe (see below).

      Don’t Retry on Conflict

      Similar to how a human would typically handle a conflict error, there are helper functions implementing RetryOnConflict-semantics, i.e., try an update call, then re-read the object if a conflict occurs, apply the modification again and retry the update. However, controllers should generally not use RetryOnConflict-semantics. Instead, controllers should abort their current reconciliation run and let the queue handle the conflict error with exponential backoff. The reasoning behind this is that a conflict error indicates that the controller has operated on stale data and might have made wrong decisions earlier on in the reconciliation. When using a helper function that implements RetryOnConflict-semantics, the controller doesn’t check which fields were changed and doesn’t revise its previous decisions accordingly. Instead, retrying on conflict basically just ignores any conflict error and blindly applies the modification.

      To properly solve the conflict situation, controllers should immediately return with the error from the update call. This will cause retries with exponential backoff so that the cache has a chance to observe the latest changes to the object. In a later run, the controller will then make correct decisions based on the newest version of the object, not run into conflict errors, and will then be able to successfully reconcile the object. This way, the controller becomes eventually consistent.

      The other way to solve the situation is to modify objects without optimistic locking in order to avoid running into a conflict in the first place (only if this is safe). This can be a preferable solution for controllers with long-running reconciliations (which is actually an anti-pattern but quite unavoidable in some of Gardener’s controllers). Aborting the entire reconciliation run is rather undesirable in such cases, as it will add a lot of unnecessary waiting time for end users and overhead in terms of compute and network usage.

      However, in any case, retrying on conflict is probably not the right option to solve the situation (there are some correct use cases for it, though, they are very rare). Hence, don’t retry on conflict.

      To Lock or Not to Lock

      As explained before, conflicts are actually important and prevent clients from doing wrongful concurrent updates. This means that conflicts are not something we generally want to avoid or ignore. However, in many cases controllers are exclusive owners of the fields they want to update and thus it might be safe to run without optimistic locking.

      For example, the gardenlet is the exclusive owner of the spec section of the Extension resources it creates on behalf of a Shoot (e.g., the Infrastructure resource for creating VPC). Meaning, it knows the exact desired state and no other actor is supposed to update the Infrastructure’s spec fields. When the gardenlet now updates the Infrastructures spec section as part of the Shoot reconciliation, it can simply issue a PATCH request that only updates the spec and runs without optimistic locking. If another controller concurrently updated the object in the meantime (e.g., the status section), the resourceVersion got changed, which would cause a conflict error if running with optimistic locking. However, concurrent status updates would not change the gardenlet’s mind on the desired spec of the Infrastructure resource as it is determined only by looking at the Shoot’s specification. If the spec section was changed concurrently, it’s still fine to overwrite it because the gardenlet should reconcile the spec back to its desired state.

      Generally speaking, if a controller is the exclusive owner of a given set of fields and they are independent of concurrent changes to other fields in that object, it can patch these fields without optimistic locking. This might ignore concurrent changes to other fields or blindly overwrite changes to the same fields, but this is fine if the mentioned conditions apply. Obviously, this applies only to patch requests that modify only a specific set of fields but not to update requests that replace the entire object.

      In such cases, it’s even desirable to run without optimistic locking as it will be more performant and save retries. If certain requests are made with high frequency and have a good chance of causing conflicts, retries because of optimistic locking can cause a lot of additional network traffic in a large-scale Gardener installation.

      Updates, Patches, Server-Side Apply

      There are different ways of modifying Kubernetes API objects. The following snippet demonstrates how to do a given modification with the most frequently used options using a controller-runtime client:

      var (
        ctx   context.Context
        c     client.Client
        shoot *gardencorev1beta1.Shoot
      )
      
      // update
      shoot.Spec.Kubernetes.Version = "1.22"
      err := c.Update(ctx, shoot)
      
      // json merge patch
      patch := client.MergeFrom(shoot.DeepCopy())
      shoot.Spec.Kubernetes.Version = "1.22"
      err = c.Patch(ctx, shoot, patch)
      
      // strategic merge patch
      patch = client.StrategicMergeFrom(shoot.DeepCopy())
      shoot.Spec.Kubernetes.Version = "1.22"
      err = c.Patch(ctx, shoot, patch)
      

      Important characteristics of the shown request types:

      • Update requests always send the entire object to the API server and update all fields accordingly. By default, optimistic locking is used (resourceVersion is included).
      • Both patch types run without optimistic locking by default. However, it can be enabled explicitly if needed:
        // json merge patch + optimistic locking
        patch := client.MergeFromWithOptions(shoot.DeepCopy(), client.MergeFromWithOptimisticLock{})
        // ...
        
        // strategic merge patch + optimistic locking
        patch = client.StrategicMergeFrom(shoot.DeepCopy(), client.MergeFromWithOptimisticLock{})
        // ...
        
      • Patch requests only contain the changes made to the in-memory object between the copy passed to client.*MergeFrom and the object passed to Client.Patch(). The diff is calculated on the client-side based on the in-memory objects only. This means that if in the meantime some fields were changed on the API server to a different value than the one on the client-side, the fields will not be changed back as long as they are not changed on the client-side as well (there will be no diff in memory).
      • Thus, if you want to ensure a given state using patch requests, always read the object first before patching it, as there will be no diff otherwise, meaning the patch will be empty. For more information, see gardener/gardener#4057 and the comments in gardener/gardener#4027.
      • Also, always send updates and patch requests even if your controller hasn’t made any changes to the current state on the API server. I.e., don’t make any optimization for preventing empty patches or no-op updates. There might be mutating webhooks in the system that will modify the object and that rely on update/patch requests being sent (even if they are no-op). Gardener’s extension concept makes heavy use of mutating webhooks, so it’s important to keep this in mind.
      • JSON merge patches always replace lists as a whole and don’t merge them. Keep this in mind when operating on lists with merge patch requests. If the controller is the exclusive owner of the entire list, it’s safe to run without optimistic locking. Though, if you want to prevent overwriting concurrent changes to the list or its items made by other actors (e.g., additions/removals to the metadata.finalizers list), enable optimistic locking.
      • Strategic merge patches are able to make more granular modifications to lists and their elements without replacing the entire list. It uses Golang struct tags of the API types to determine which and how lists should be merged. See Update API Objects in Place Using kubectl patch or the strategic merge patch documentation for more in-depth explanations and comparison with JSON merge patches. With this, controllers might be able to issue patch requests for individual list items without optimistic locking, even if they are not exclusive owners of the entire list. Remember to check the patchStrategy and patchMergeKey struct tags of the fields you want to modify before blindly adding patch requests without optimistic locking.
      • Strategic merge patches are only supported by built-in Kubernetes resources and custom resources served by Extension API servers. Strategic merge patches are not supported by custom resources defined by CustomResourceDefinitions (see this comparison). In that case, fallback to JSON merge patches.
      • Server-side Apply is yet another mechanism to modify API objects, which is supported by all API resources (in newer Kubernetes versions). However, it has a few problems and more caveats preventing us from using it in Gardener at the time of writing. See gardener/gardener#4122 for more details.

      Generally speaking, patches are often the better option compared to update requests because they can save network traffic, encoding/decoding effort, and avoid conflicts under the presented conditions. If choosing a patch type, consider which type is supported by the resource you’re modifying and what will happen in case of a conflict. Consider whether your modification is safe to run without optimistic locking. However, there is no simple rule of thumb on which patch type to choose.

      On Helper Functions

      Here is a note on some helper functions, that should be avoided and why:

      controllerutil.CreateOrUpdate does a basic get, mutate and create or update call chain, which is often used in controllers. We should avoid using this helper function in Gardener, because it is likely to cause conflicts for cached clients and doesn’t send no-op requests if nothing was changed, which can cause problems because of the heavy use of webhooks in Gardener extensions (see above). That’s why usage of this function was completely replaced in gardener/gardener#4227 and similar PRs.

      controllerutil.CreateOrPatch is similar to CreateOrUpdate but does a patch request instead of an update request. It has the same drawback as CreateOrUpdate regarding no-op updates. Also, controllers can’t use optimistic locking or strategic merge patches when using CreateOrPatch. Another reason for avoiding use of this function is that it also implicitly patches the status section if it was changed, which is confusing for others reading the code. To accomplish this, the func does some back and forth conversion, comparison and checks, which are unnecessary in most of our cases and simply wasted CPU cycles and complexity we want to avoid.

      There were some Try{Update,UpdateStatus,Patch,PatchStatus} helper functions in Gardener that were already removed by gardener/gardener#4378 but are still used in some extension code at the time of writing. The reason for eliminating these functions is that they implement RetryOnConflict-semantics. Meaning, they first get the object, mutate it, then try to update and retry if a conflict error occurs. As explained above, retrying on conflict is a controller anti-pattern and should be avoided in almost every situation. The other problem with these functions is that they read the object first from the API server (always do a direct call), although in most cases we already have a recent version of the object at hand. So, using this function generally does unnecessary API calls and therefore causes unwanted compute and network load.

      For the reasons explained above, there are similar helper functions that accomplish similar things but address the mentioned drawbacks: controllerutils.{GetAndCreateOrMergePatch,GetAndCreateOrStrategicMergePatch}. These can be safely used as replacements for the aforementioned helper funcs. If they are not fitting for your use case, for example because you need to use optimistic locking, just do the appropriate calls in the controller directly.

      These resources are only partially related to the topics covered in this doc, but might still be interesting for developer seeking a deeper understanding of Kubernetes API machinery, architecture and foundational concepts.

      4.7 - Local Setup

      Overview

      Conceptually, all Gardener components are designed to run as a Pod inside a Kubernetes cluster. The Gardener API server extends the Kubernetes API via the user-aggregated API server concepts. However, if you want to develop it, you may want to work locally with the Gardener without building a Docker image and deploying it to a cluster each and every time. That means that the Gardener runs outside a Kubernetes cluster which requires providing a Kubeconfig in your local filesystem and point the Gardener to it when starting it (see below).

      Further details can be found in

      1. Principles of Kubernetes, and its components
      2. Kubernetes Development Guide
      3. Architecture of Gardener

      This guide is split into three main parts:

      Preparing the Setup

      [macOS only] Installing homebrew

      The copy-paste instructions in this guide are designed for macOS and use the package manager Homebrew.

      On macOS run

      /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
      

      Installing git

      We use git as VCS which you need to install. On macOS run

      brew install git
      

      For other OS, please check the Git installation documentation.

      Installing Go

      Install the latest version of Go. On macOS run

      brew install go
      

      For other OS, please check Go installation documentation.

      Installing kubectl

      Install kubectl. Please make sure that the version of kubectl is at least v1.20.x. On macOS run

      brew install kubernetes-cli
      

      For other OS, please check the kubectl installation documentation.

      Installing Docker

      You need to have docker installed and running. On macOS run

      brew install --cask docker
      

      For other OS please check the docker installation documentation.

      Installing iproute2

      iproute2 provides a collection of utilities for network administration and configuration. On macOS run

      brew install iproute2mac
      

      Installing jq

      brew install jq
      

      Installing GNU Parallel

      GNU Parallel is a shell tool for executing jobs in parallel, used by the code generation scripts (make generate). On macOS run

      brew install parallel
      

      [macOS only] Install GNU Core Utilities

      When running on macOS, install the GNU core utilities and friends:

      brew install coreutils gnu-sed gnu-tar grep gzip
      

      This will create symbolic links for the GNU utilities with g prefix on your PATH, e.g., gsed or gbase64. To allow using them without the g prefix, add the gnubin directories to the beginning of your PATH environment variable (brew install and brew info will print out instructions for each formula):

      export PATH=$(brew --prefix)/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH
      export PATH=$(brew --prefix)/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin:$PATH
      export PATH=$(brew --prefix)/opt/gnu-tar/libexec/gnubin:$PATH
      export PATH=$(brew --prefix)/opt/grep/libexec/gnubin:$PATH
      export PATH=$(brew --prefix)/opt/gzip/bin:$PATH
      

      [Windows Only] WSL2

      Apart from Linux distributions and macOS, the local gardener setup can also run on the Windows Subsystem for Linux 2.

      While WSL1, plain docker for Windows and various Linux distributions and local Kubernetes environments may be supported, this setup was verified with:

      The Gardener repository and all the above-mentioned tools (git, golang, kubectl, …) should be installed in your WSL2 distro, according to the distribution-specific Linux installation instructions.

      Start Gardener Locally

      Get the Sources

      Clone the repository from GitHub into your $GOPATH.

      mkdir -p $(go env GOPATH)/src/github.com/gardener
      cd $(go env GOPATH)/src/github.com/gardener
      git clone git@github.com:gardener/gardener.git
      cd gardener
      

      Note: Gardener is using Go modules and cloning the repository into $GOPATH is not a hard requirement. However it is still recommended to clone into $GOPATH because k8s.io/code-generator does not work yet outside of $GOPATH - kubernetes/kubernetes#86753.

      Start the Gardener

      ℹ️ In the following guide, you have to define the configuration (CloudProfiles, SecretBindings, Seeds, etc.) manually for the infrastructure environment you want to develop against. Additionally, you have to register the respective Gardener extensions manually. If you are rather looking for a quick start guide to develop entirely locally on your machine (no real cloud provider or infrastructure involved), then you should rather follow this guide.

      Start a Local Kubernetes Cluster

      For the development of Gardener you need a Kubernetes API server on which you can register Gardener’s own Extension API Server as APIService. This cluster doesn’t need any worker nodes to run pods, though, therefore, you can use the “nodeless Garden cluster setup” residing in hack/local-garden. This will start all minimally required components of a Kubernetes cluster (etcd, kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager) and an etcd Instance for the gardener-apiserver as Docker containers. This is the easiest way to get your Gardener development setup up and running.

      Using the nodeless cluster setup

      Use the provided Makefile rules to start your local Garden:

      make local-garden-up
      [...]
      Starting gardener-dev kube-etcd cluster..!
      Starting gardener-dev kube-apiserver..!
      Starting gardener-dev kube-controller-manager..!
      Starting gardener-dev gardener-etcd cluster..!
      namespace/garden created
      clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gardener.cloud:admin created
      clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/front-proxy-client created
      [...]
      

      ℹ️ [Optional] If you want to develop the SeedAuthorization feature then you have to run make ACTIVATE_SEEDAUTHORIZER=true local-garden-up. However, please note that this forces you to start the gardener-admission-controller via make start-admission-controller.

      To tear down the local Garden cluster and remove the Docker containers, simply run:

      make local-garden-down
      
      Alternative: Using a local Kubernetes cluster

      Instead of starting a Kubernetes API server and etcd as docker containers, you can also opt for running a local Kubernetes cluster, provided by e.g. minikube, kind or docker desktop.

      Note: Gardener requires self-contained kubeconfig files because of a security issue. You can configure your minikube to create self-contained kubeconfig files via:

      minikube config set embed-certs true
      

      or when starting the local cluster

      minikube start --embed-certs
      
      Alternative: Using a remote Kubernetes cluster

      For some testing scenarios, you may want to use a remote cluster instead of a local one as your Garden cluster. To do this, you can use the “remote Garden cluster setup” residing in hack/remote-garden. This will start an etcd instance for the gardener-apiserver as a Docker container, and open tunnels for accessing local gardener components from the remote cluster.

      To avoid mistakes, the remote cluster must have a garden namespace labeled with gardener.cloud/purpose=remote-garden. You must create the garden namespace and label it manually before running make remote-garden-up as described below.

      Use the provided Makefile rules to bootstrap your remote Garden:

      export KUBECONFIG=<path to kubeconfig>
      make remote-garden-up
      [...]
      # Start gardener etcd used to store gardener resources (e.g., seeds, shoots)
      Starting gardener-dev-remote gardener-etcd cluster!
      [...]
      # Open tunnels for accessing local gardener components from the remote cluster
      [...]
      

      To close the tunnels and remove the locally-running Docker containers, run:

      make remote-garden-down
      

      ℹ️ [Optional] If you want to use the remote Garden cluster setup with the SeedAuthorization feature, you have to adapt the kube-apiserver process of your remote Garden cluster. To do this, perform the following steps after running make remote-garden-up:

      • Create an authorization webhook configuration file using the IP of the garden/quic-server pod running in your remote Garden cluster and port 10444 that tunnels to your locally running gardener-admission-controller process.

        apiVersion: v1
        kind: Config
        current-context: seedauthorizer
        clusters:
        - name: gardener-admission-controller
          cluster:
            insecure-skip-tls-verify: true
            server: https://<quic-server-pod-ip>:10444/webhooks/auth/seed
        users:
        - name: kube-apiserver
          user: {}
        contexts:
        - name: seedauthorizer
          context:
            cluster: gardener-admission-controller
            user: kube-apiserver
        
      • Change or add the following command line parameters to your kube-apiserver process:

        • --authorization-mode=<...>,Webhook
        • --authorization-webhook-config-file=<path to config file>
        • --authorization-webhook-cache-authorized-ttl=0
        • --authorization-webhook-cache-unauthorized-ttl=0
      • Delete the cluster role and rolebinding gardener.cloud:system:seeds from your remote Garden cluster.

      If your remote Garden cluster is a Gardener shoot, and you can access the seed on which this shoot is scheduled, you can automate the above steps by running the enable-seed-authorizer script and passing the kubeconfig of the seed cluster and the shoot namespace as parameters:

      hack/local-development/remote-garden/enable-seed-authorizer <seed kubeconfig> <namespace>
      

      Note: This script is not working anymore, as the ReversedVPN feature can’t be disabled. The annotation alpha.featuregates.shoot.gardener.cloud/reversed-vpn on Shoots is no longer respected.

      To prevent Gardener from reconciling the shoot and overwriting your changes, add the annotation shoot.gardener.cloud/ignore: 'true' to the remote Garden shoot. Note that this annotation takes effect only if it is enabled via the constollers.shoot.respectSyncPeriodOverwrite: true option in the gardenlet configuration.

      To disable the seed authorizer again, run the same script with -d as a third parameter:

      hack/local-development/remote-garden/enable-seed-authorizer <seed kubeconfig> <namespace> -d
      

      If the seed authorizer is enabled, you also have to start the gardener-admission-controller via make start-admission-controller.

      ⚠️ In the remote garden setup all Gardener components run with administrative permissions, i.e., there is no fine-grained access control via RBAC (as opposed to productive installations of Gardener).

      Prepare the Gardener

      Now, that you have started your local cluster, we can go ahead and register the Gardener API Server. Just point your KUBECONFIG environment variable to the cluster you created in the previous step and run:

      make dev-setup
      [...]
      namespace/garden created
      namespace/garden-dev created
      deployment.apps/etcd created
      service/etcd created
      service/gardener-apiserver created
      service/gardener-admission-controller created
      endpoints/gardener-apiserver created
      endpoints/gardener-admission-controller created
      apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.core.gardener.cloud created
      apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1alpha1.seedmanagement.gardener.cloud created
      apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1alpha1.settings.gardener.cloud created
      

      ℹ️ [Optional] If you want to enable logging, in the gardenlet configuration add:

      logging:
        enabled: true
      

      The Gardener exposes the API servers of Shoot clusters via Kubernetes services of type LoadBalancer. In order to establish stable endpoints (robust against changes of the load balancer address), it creates DNS records pointing to these load balancer addresses. They are used internally and by all cluster components to communicate. You need to have control over a domain (or subdomain) for which these records will be created. Please provide an internal domain secret (see this for an example) which contains credentials with the proper privileges. Further information can be found in Gardener Configuration and Usage.

      kubectl apply -f example/10-secret-internal-domain-unmanaged.yaml
      secret/internal-domain-unmanaged created
      

      Run the Gardener

      Next, run the Gardener API Server, the Gardener Controller Manager (optionally), the Gardener Scheduler (optionally), and the gardenlet in different terminal windows/panes using rules in the Makefile.

      make start-apiserver
      [...]
      I0306 15:23:51.044421   74536 plugins.go:84] Registered admission plugin "ResourceReferenceManager"
      I0306 15:23:51.044523   74536 plugins.go:84] Registered admission plugin "DeletionConfirmation"
      [...]
      I0306 15:23:51.626836   74536 secure_serving.go:116] Serving securely on [::]:8443
      [...]
      

      (Optional) Now you are ready to launch the Gardener Controller Manager.

      make start-controller-manager
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:17+02:00" level=info msg="Starting Gardener controller manager..."
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:17+02:00" level=info msg="Feature Gates: "
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:17+02:00" level=info msg="Starting HTTP server on 0.0.0.0:2718"
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:17+02:00" level=info msg="Acquired leadership, starting controllers."
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Starting HTTPS server on 0.0.0.0:2719"
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Found internal domain secret internal-domain-unmanaged for domain nip.io."
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Successfully bootstrapped the Garden cluster."
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Gardener controller manager (version 1.0.0-dev) initialized."
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="ControllerRegistration controller initialized."
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="SecretBinding controller initialized."
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Project controller initialized."
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Quota controller initialized."
      time="2019-03-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="CloudProfile controller initialized."
      [...]
      

      (Optional) Now you are ready to launch the Gardener Scheduler.

      make start-scheduler
      time="2019-05-02T16:31:50+02:00" level=info msg="Starting Gardener scheduler ..."
      time="2019-05-02T16:31:50+02:00" level=info msg="Starting HTTP server on 0.0.0.0:10251"
      time="2019-05-02T16:31:50+02:00" level=info msg="Acquired leadership, starting scheduler."
      time="2019-05-02T16:31:50+02:00" level=info msg="Gardener scheduler initialized (with Strategy: SameRegion)"
      time="2019-05-02T16:31:50+02:00" level=info msg="Scheduler controller initialized."
      [...]
      

      The Gardener should now be ready to operate on Shoot resources. You can use

      kubectl get shoots
      No resources found.
      

      to operate against your local running Gardener API Server.

      Note: It may take several seconds until the Gardener API server has been started and is available. No resources found is the expected result of our initial development setup.

      Create a Shoot

      The steps below describe the general process of creating a Shoot. Have in mind that the steps do not provide full example manifests. The reader needs to check the provider documentation and adapt the manifests accordingly.

      1. Copy the Example Manifests

      The next steps require modifications of the example manifests. These modifications are part of local setup and should not be git push-ed. To do not interfere with git, let’s copy the example manifests to dev/ which is ignored by git.

      cp example/*.yaml dev/
      

      2. Create a Project

      Every Shoot is associated with a Project. Check the corresponding example manifests dev/00-namespace-garden-dev.yaml and dev/05-project-dev.yaml. Adapt them and create them.

      kubectl apply -f dev/00-namespace-garden-dev.yaml
      kubectl apply -f dev/05-project-dev.yaml
      

      Make sure that the Project is successfully reconciled:

      $ kubectl get project dev
      NAME   NAMESPACE    STATUS   OWNER                  CREATOR            AGE
      dev    garden-dev   Ready    john.doe@example.com   kubernetes-admin   6s
      

      3. Create a CloudProfile

      The CloudProfile resource is provider specific and describes the underlying cloud provider (available machine types, regions, machine images, etc.). Check the corresponding example manifest dev/30-cloudprofile.yaml. Check also the documentation and example manifests of the provider extension. Adapt dev/30-cloudprofile.yaml and apply it.

      kubectl apply -f dev/30-cloudprofile.yaml
      

      4. Install Necessary Gardener Extensions

      The Known Extension Implementations section contains a list of available extension implementations. You need to create a ControllerRegistration and ControllerDeployment for:

      • at least one infrastructure provider
      • a DNS provider (if the DNS for the Seed is not disabled)
      • at least one operating system extension
      • at least one network plugin extension

      As a convention, the example ControllerRegistration manifest (containing also the necessary ControllerDeployment) for an extension is located under example/controller-registration.yaml in the corresponding repository (for example for AWS the ControllerRegistration can be found here). An example creation for provider-aws (make sure to replace <version> with the newest released version tag):

      kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gardener/gardener-extension-provider-aws/<version>/example/controller-registration.yaml
      

      Instead of updating extensions manually you can use Gardener Extensions Manager to install and update extension controllers. This is especially useful if you want to keep and maintain your development setup for a longer time. Also, please refer to Registering Extension Controllers for further information about how extensions are registered in case you want to use other versions than the latest releases.

      5. Register a Seed

      Shoot controlplanes run in seed clusters, so we need to create our first Seed now.

      Check the corresponding example manifest dev/40-secret-seed.yaml and dev/50-seed.yaml. Update dev/40-secret-seed.yaml with base64 encoded kubeconfig of the cluster that will be used as Seed (the scope of the permissions should be identical to the kubeconfig that the gardenlet creates during bootstrapping - for now, cluster-admin privileges are recommended).

      kubectl apply -f dev/40-secret-seed.yaml
      

      Adapt dev/50-seed.yaml - adjust .spec.secretRef to refer the newly created Secret, adjust .spec.provider with the Seed cluster provider and revise the other fields.

      kubectl apply -f dev/50-seed.yaml
      

      6. Start the gardenlet

      Once the Seed is created, start the gardenlet to reconcile it. The make start-gardenlet command will automatically configure the local gardenlet process to use the Seed and its kubeconfig. If you have multiple Seeds, you have to specify which to use by setting the SEED_NAME environment variable like in make start-gardenlet SEED_NAME=my-first-seed.

      make start-gardenlet
      time="2019-11-06T15:24:17+02:00" level=info msg="Starting Gardenlet..."
      time="2019-11-06T15:24:17+02:00" level=info msg="Feature Gates: HVPA=true, Logging=true"
      time="2019-11-06T15:24:17+02:00" level=info msg="Acquired leadership, starting controllers."
      time="2019-11-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Found internal domain secret internal-domain-unmanaged for domain nip.io."
      time="2019-11-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Gardenlet (version 1.0.0-dev) initialized."
      time="2019-11-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="ControllerInstallation controller initialized."
      time="2019-11-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Shoot controller initialized."
      time="2019-11-06T15:24:18+02:00" level=info msg="Seed controller initialized."
      [...]
      

      The gardenlet will now reconcile the Seed. Check the progess from time to time until it’s Ready:

      kubectl get seed
      NAME       STATUS    PROVIDER    REGION      AGE    VERSION       K8S VERSION
      seed-aws   Ready     aws         eu-west-1   4m     v1.61.0-dev   v1.24.8
      

      7. Create a Shoot

      A Shoot requires a SecretBinding. The SecretBinding refers to a Secret that contains the cloud provider credentials. The Secret data keys are provider specific and you need to check the documentation of the provider to find out which data keys are expected (for example for AWS the related documentation can be found at Provider Secret Data). Adapt dev/70-secret-provider.yaml and dev/80-secretbinding.yaml and apply them.

      kubectl apply -f dev/70-secret-provider.yaml
      kubectl apply -f dev/80-secretbinding.yaml
      

      After the SecretBinding creation, you are ready to proceed with the Shoot creation. You need to check the documentation of the provider to find out the expected configuration (for example for AWS the related documentation and example Shoot manifest can be found at Using the AWS provider extension with Gardener as end-user). Adapt dev/90-shoot.yaml and apply it.

      To make sure that a specific Seed cluster will be chosen or to skip the scheduling (the sheduling requires Gardener Scheduler to be running), specify the .spec.seedName field (see here).

      kubectl apply -f dev/90-shoot.yaml
      

      Watch the progress of the operation and make sure that the Shoot will be successfully created.

      watch kubectl get shoot --all-namespaces
      

      4.8 - Log Parsers

      How to Create Log Parser for Container into fluent-bit

      If our log message is parsed correctly, it has to be showed in Plutono like this:

        {"log":"OpenAPI AggregationController: Processing item v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io","pid":"1","severity":"INFO","source":"controller.go:107"}
      

      Otherwise it will looks like this:

      {
        "log":"{
        \"level\":\"info\",\"ts\":\"2020-06-01T11:23:26.679Z\",\"logger\":\"gardener-resource-manager.health-reconciler\",\"msg\":\"Finished ManagedResource health checks\",\"object\":\"garden/provider-aws-dsm9r\"
        }\n"
        }
      }
      

      Create a Custom Parser

      • First of all, we need to know how the log for the specific container looks like (for example, lets take a log from the alertmanager : level=info ts=2019-01-28T12:33:49.362015626Z caller=main.go:175 build_context="(go=go1.11.2, user=root@4ecc17c53d26, date=20181109-15:40:48))

      • We can see that this log contains 4 subfields(severity=info, timestamp=2019-01-28T12:33:49.362015626Z, source=main.go:175 and the actual message). So we have to write a regex which matches this log in 4 groups(We can use https://regex101.com/ like helping tool). So, for this purpose our regex looks like this:

      ^level=(?<severity>\w+)\s+ts=(?<time>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}[Tt].*[zZ])\s+caller=(?<source>[^\s]*+)\s+(?<log>.*)
      
      %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%L
      
      • It’s time to apply our new regex into fluent-bit configuration. To achieve that we can just deploy in the cluster where the fluent-operator is deployed the following custom resources:
      apiVersion: fluentbit.fluent.io/v1alpha2
      kind: ClusterFilter
      metadata:
        labels:
          fluentbit.gardener/type: seed
        name: << pod-name >>--(<< container-name >>)
      spec:
        filters:
        - parser:
            keyName: log
            parser: << container-name >>-parser
            reserveData: true
        match: kubernetes.<< pod-name >>*<< container-name >>*
      
      EXAMPLE
      apiVersion: fluentbit.fluent.io/v1alpha2
      kind: ClusterFilter
      metadata:
        labels:
          fluentbit.gardener/type: seed
        name: alertmanager
      spec:
        filters:
        - parser:
            keyName: log
            parser: alertmanager-parser
            reserveData: true
        match: "kubernetes.alertmanager*alertmanager*"
      
      • Now lets check if there already exists ClusterParser with such a regex and time format that we need. If it doesn’t, create one: